• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제54권4호
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• pp.461-469
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• 2016

Giardia lamblia is a protozoan that causes diarrheal diseases in humans. Cytoskeletal structures of Giardia trophozoites must be finely reorganized during cell division. To identify Giardia proteins which interact with microtubules (MTs), Giardia lysates were incubated with in vitro-polymerized MTs and then precipitated by ultracentifugation. A hypothetical protein (GL50803_8405) was identified in the precipitated fraction with polymerized MTs and was named GlMBP1 (G. lamblia microtubule-binding protein 1). Interaction of GlMBP1 with MTs was confirmed by MT binding assays using recombinant GlMBP1 (rGlMBP1). In vivo expression of GlMBP1 was shown by a real-time PCR and western blot analysis using anti-rGlMBP1 antibodies. Transgenic G. lamblia trophozoites were constructed by integrating a chimeric gene encoding hemagglutinin (HA)-tagged GlMBP1 into a Giardia chromosome. Immunofluorescence assays of this transgenic G. lamblia, using anti-HA antibodies, revealed that GlMBP1 mainly localized at the basal bodies, axonemes, and median bodies of G. lamblia trophozoites. This result indicates that GlMBP1 is a component of the G. lamblia cytoskeleton.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.59-63
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• 2020

The effects of complex Korean medicine treatment including acupotomy, on irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) are reported in this case study. A 54-year-old woman with diarrheal symptoms that alternatively improved and worsened for many years and worsening abdominal pain visited the emergency room and was diagnosed with IBS; she was admitted for approximately 2 weeks at the Acupuncture and Moxibustion Department of National Medical Center (NMC). Numerical rating scale (NRS), irritable bowel syndrome-quality of life (IBS-QOL), and gastrointestinal symptom rating scale (GSRS) scores were evaluated on the day of hospitalization, midway through the hospitalization period, and on the day of discharge. Abdominal pain was measured daily using NRS, and the score decreased from 8 at admission to 0 at discharge. The IBS-QOL percentile score improved from 42 points to 100 points. The total GSRS score also improved, from 30 points to 2 points. These results suggest that complex Korean medicine treatment with acupotomy, is useful for treating internal diseases, such as IBS, as well as musculoskeletal disorders.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.43-47
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• 2019

Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS), a rare form of thrombotic microangiopathy, is distinguished from the typical form by the absence of a preceding verotoxin-producing Escherichia coli infection. Notably, aHUS occurs in association with genetic or acquired disorders causing dysregulation of the alternative complement pathway. Patients with aHUS may show the presence of anti-complement factor H (CFH) autoantibodies. This acquired form of aHUS (antiCFH-aHUS) primarily affects children aged 9-13 years. We report a case of a 13-year-old Lao girl with clinical features of aHUS (most likely anti-CFH-aHUS). The initial presentation of the patient met the classical clinical triad of thrombotic microangiopathy (microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and acute kidney injury) without preceding diarrheal illness. Low serum levels of complement 3 and normal levels of complement 4 indicated abnormal activation of the alternative complement pathway. Plasma infusion and high-dose corticosteroid therapy resulted in improvement of the renal function and hematological profile, although the patient subsequently died of infectious complications. This is the first case report that describes aHUS (possibly anti-CFH-aHUS) in Laos.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.49-52
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• 1994

1990년 4월부터 1992년 2월까지 인제대 부속 서울 백병원과 상계 백병원에 내원한 환자 중 대변에서 분선충(Strongwloides stercoralis)의 rhabditoid 유충 또는 기생세대 자충이 검출된 분선충 감염증 9례를 보고하고자 한다. 환자들은 50대와 70대 사이의 남자 7명 및 여자 2명으로 퇴행성 관절염으로 스테로이드계 약물을 장기 복용하였거나 소화기 장애, 고혈압, 간질환 정신장애 등 다양한 질환을 동반하고 있었다. 관절염, 소화기 장애 등으로 입원한 57세 여자 환자 1례에서는 albendazole 및 mebendazole 투여 4-5일 째의 설사변에서 분선충의 기생세대 자충 (parasitic females) 220마리가 회수되었다. 이 환자는 관절염에 대한 스테로이드 장기 복용으로 면역기능이 저하된 상태에서 자가감염된 중감염(hyperinfection) 예로서 우리 나라에서 기생세대 자충이 확인된 세 번째 증례이기도 하다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.872-879
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• 2015

Many strains of Bacillus cereus cause gastrointestinal diseases, and the closely related insect pathogen Bacillus thuringiensis has also been involved in outbreaks of diarrhea. The diarrheal diseases are attributed to enterotoxins. Sixteen reference strains of B. cereus and nine commercial and 12 reference strains of B. thuringiensis were screened by PCR for the presence of 10 enterotoxigenic genes (hblA, hblC, hblD, nheA, nheB, nheC, cytK, bceT, entFM, and entS), one emetogenic gene (ces), seven hemolytic genes (hlyA, hlyII, hlyIII, plcA, cerA, cerB, and cerO), and a pleiotropic transcriptional activator gene (plcR). These genes encode various enterotoxins and other virulence factors thought to play a role in infections of mammals. Amplicons were successfully generated from the strains of B. cereus and B. thuringiensis for each of these sequences, except the ces gene. Intriguingly, the majority of these B. cereus enterotoxin genes and other virulence factor genes appeared to be widespread among B. thuringiensis strains as well as B. cereus strains.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.203-209
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• 1999

목 적 : 급성 설사는 아동기의 가장 흔한 질환 중 하나이다. 감염성 설사는 세균보다는 바이러스에 의한 빈도가 높으며 대부분 적절한 수분 공급 및 대증 요법에 의하여 저절로 호전되는 양상을 보인다. 항생제의 사용에 대한 많은 논의가 이루어지고 있고 실제 임상에서 사용되는 예들이 많으나 그 효과는 확실치 않다. 이에 저자는 소아의 급성 설사에 항생제가 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 알아보고자 본 연구를 시행하였다. 방 법 : 1996년 8월부터 1997년 7월까지 급성 설사를 주소로 대전 을지대학병원에 입원하였던 124명을 대상으로 항생제를 사용하지 않은 군 28명 (N군)과 항생제를 사용한 군 96명 (P군)으로 나누어 입원과 발열기간, 구토와 설사의 빈도를 후향적으로 비교 분석하였다. 결 과 : 입원기간은 P군보다 N군에서 유의 있게 짧았다(P<0.05). 발열과 설사의 기간 역시 N군에서 더 짧았다(P<0.05). 구토와 설사의 빈도는 N군이 P군보다 낮았으나 통계적인 유의성은 없었다. 연령, 성비, 입원 전 설사기간과 입원 당시의 CRP는 두 군간에 통계적 차이가 없었다. 결 론 : 소아의 급성설사는 원인균에 관계없이 자연 소실될 수 있는 질환으로서 대부분 적절한 수액공급과 영양공급으로 호전될 수 있고 항생제의 사용은 오히려 설사를 악화시킬 수 있으며 동반되는 구토 및 발열기간을 지연시킬 수 있다.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.639-644
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• 2019

Diarrhea is one of the most common infectious diseases known worldwide. However, few studies have examined anaerobic diarrhea-causing bacteria (DB), which are difficult to culture. Recent advances in molecular biology have facilitated the detection and analysis of anaerobic DB. In this study, long-term trends in anaerobic DB were evaluated in Korea. From 2010 to 2018, symptoms of diarrhea reported were analyzed among patients hospitalized at the Dankook University Hospital in Korea. Results of multiplex polymerase chain reaction based on seasonality, age, overlapping infection, and other factors in patients were evaluated. DB were detected in 38.2% of 1716 stool specimens in the duration of the study. Of the pathogens detected using this method, 49.8% (n = 405/813) were anaerobic bacteria, including Clostridioides perfringens, Campylobacter spp., Clostridioides difficile toxin B, and Aeromonas spp. Among the four anaerobic bacteria, Clostridioides perfringens was the most commonly occurring (15.5%; n = 126/813). Detection rates of Clostridioides perfringens, Clostridioides difficile toxin B, and Aeromonas spp. were 34.1% (n = 22/55), 34.9% (n = 43/126), and 40.0% (n = 38/109), respectively. The detection rate of Campylobacter spp. (32.7%; n = 37/115) was the highest in patients between 10 and 20 years of age. The detection rate of anaerobic DB showed an increase in 2018 as compared with that in 2010, and the number of events of diarrhea caused by anaerobic DB also increased in this duration. Further studies are required to devise methods that might prevent the proliferation of anaerobic DB.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.82-88
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• 2014

Yam (Dioscorea batatas Decne.) has long been used as a health food and oriental folk medicine because of its nutritional fortification, tonic, anti-diarrheal, anti-inflammatory, antitussive, and expectorant effects. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are known to be implicated in a range of diseases, may be important progenitors of carcinogenesis. The aim of this study was to investigate the modulatory effect of yam on antioxidant status and inflammatory conditions during azoxymethane (AOM)-induced colon carcinogenesis in male F344 rats. We measured the formation of aberrant crypt foci (ACF), hemolysate antioxidant enzyme activities, colonic mucosal antioxidant enzyme gene expression, and colonic mucosal inflammatory mediator gene expression. The feeding of yam prior to carcinogenesis significantly inhibited AOM-induced colonic ACF formation. In yam-administered rats, erythrocyte levels of glutathione, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and catalase were increased and colonic mucosal gene expression of Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD), Mn-SOD, and GPx were up-regulated compared to the AOM group. Colonic mucosal gene expression of inflammatory mediators (i.e., nuclear factor kappaB, inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and interleukin-1beta) was suppressed by the yam-supplemented diet. These results suggest that yam could be very useful for the prevention of colon cancer, as they enhance the antioxidant defense system and modulate inflammatory mediators.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.65-71
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• 2004

This study was carried out to produce IgY against B. bronchiseptica, parvovirus and distemper virus that are major pathogens in alimentary and/or respiratory diseases of dogs. In the comparison of adjuvants, ISA70 was the best in the rapid induction and maintence of antibody titers. Agglutination antibody titers against B. bronchiseptica were 1:1,280 ~ 1:10,240 in sera and 1:160 ~ 1:1,280 in egg yolk. Hemagglutination inhibition(HI) titers against parvovirus in sera and egg yolk were 1:80 ~ 1:320 and 1:64 ~ 1:256, respectively. Virus neutralization titers against canine distemper was 1:8 ~ 1:64 in sera and egg yolk. These results suggested that egg yolk antibody titers could be variable according to a sort of adjuvant and antigens of the pathogens.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.415-420
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• 2004

Immunoprophylatic effect of IgY against B. bronchispetica was proven with 100% preventive rate in mice administrated with IgY with antibody titer 1:640~1:2,560. Intramuscular administration was more efficient than oral administration. This phenomenon was also observed in the therapeutic effects of IgY after challenge with B. bronchseptica in mice. In the field trials with the egg yolk antibodies from hens immunized with combined antigens with B. bronchiseptica and parvovirus, curing rates in dogs with severe clnical signs such as bloody diarrhea were 81.6% and 86.7% by intramuscular or subcutaneous administration of IgY, respectively. Safety of the antibodies in dogs was proven without any side effects such as vomiting, edema, fever, etc. by adminstration of double doses for 7 days. These results indicated that the egg yolk antibodies could be used as effective prevention and treatment of alimentary and respiratory diseases in dogs.