• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.1837-1860
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• 2020

We propose a general framework for studying resource allocation problem and the tradeoff between spectral efficiency (SE) and energy efficiency (EE) for downlink traffic in power domain-non-orthogonal multiple access (PD-NOMA) and device to device (D2D) based heterogeneous cloud radio access networks (H-CRANs) under imperfect channel state information (CSI). The aim is jointly optimize radio remote head (RRH) selection, spectrum allocation and power control, which is formulated as a multi-objective optimization (MOO) problem that can be solved with weighted Tchebycheff method. We propose a low-complexity algorithm to solve user association, spectrum allocation and power coordination separately. We first compute the CSI for RRHs. Then we study allocating the cell users (CUs) and D2D groups to different subchannels by constructing a bipartite graph and Hungrarian algorithm. To solve the power control and EE-SE tradeoff problems, we decompose the target function into two subproblems. Then, we utilize successive convex program approach to lower the computational complexity. Moreover, we use Lagrangian method and KKT conditions to find the global optimum with low complexity, and get a fast convergence by subgradient method. Numerical simulation results demonstrate that by using PD-NOMA technique and H-CRAN with D2D communications, the system gets good EE-SE tradeoff performance.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.1100-1105
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• 2017

본 논문에서는 셀룰러 통신과 D2D (device-to-device)통신이 같은 주파수를 통해 이루어지는 이기종 네트워크(heterogenous network)에서 셀룰러 망의 보안통신을 돕기 위한 D2D 통신 디바이스의 전력제어 기법을 제안하고 성능을 살펴본다. 기존의 보안통신이 고려되지 않은 이기종 네트워크에서는 D2D통신 신호가 간섭으로 작용하여 셀룰러 통신 성능에 악영향을 미쳤으나 도청자를 고려한 보안통신에서는 D2D통신 신호가 도청자의 신호수신을 방해하여 보안 전송률 성능 향상에 도움이 될 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 셀룰러 망의 보안통신 요구치를 만족시키며 D2D 통신 전송률을 극대화 시킬 수 있는 새로운 전력제어 기법을 제안하고 최적화 문제를 통해 최적 송신 전력의 closed-form 표현을 도출하였다. 또한 시뮬레이션을 통해 제안기법의 성능 특성을 확인하였다.

• 한국정보처리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보처리학회 2006년도 추계학술발표대회
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• pp.455-458
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• 2006

John Carmack who invented the 3D games let us know about the great 3D world and because of the MIDP 2.0(Mobile Information Device Profilers entering, it is not a fame to achieve playing 3D games with a mobile device. The data offered by iResearch market consultation show that the figure of mobile game players all around the world will take a steady increase from 290 million in 2005 to 1030 million in 2008, and the market income will mount up from $10,200 million to $52.000 million.3D games will be a current, the most famous kind of mobile games. In this paper I design 3D application based on J2ME (Java 2 Micro Edition) and implement a freely removable 3D object which happened in a 3D scene by receiving the keyboard response of mobile device with WTK (Wireless Too.Kit) simulator.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.40-50
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• 2011

A two-dimensional (2D) analytical model for the potential distribution and threshold voltage of short-channel ion-implanted GaAs MESFETs operating in the sub-threshold regime has been presented. A double-integrable Gaussian-like function has been assumed as the doping distribution profile in the vertical direction of the channel. The Schottky gate has been assumed to be semi-transparent through which optical radiation is coupled into the device. The 2D potential distribution in the channel of the short-channel device has been obtained by solving the 2D Poisson's equation by using suitable boundary conditions. The effects of excess carrier generation due to the incident optical radiation in channel region have been included in the Poisson's equation to study the optical effects on the device. The potential function has been utilized to model the threshold voltage of the device under dark and illuminated conditions. The proposed model has been verified by comparing the theoretically predicted results with simulated data obtained by using the commercially available $ATLAS^{TM}$ 2D device simulator.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제19권12호
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• pp.2800-2804
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• 2015

최근, 단말간 직접 통신에 대한 관심이 높아지면서 이에 대한 활발한 연구가 진행되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 셀룰러 이동통신 네트워크에서 단말간 직접 통신을 지원할 수 있는 알고리즘에 대하여 연구하였다. 먼저, 셀룰러 이동통신 네트워크에서 상향 링크 주파수 자원을 활용하여 이동통신 서비스와 단말간 직접 통신을 동시에 제공할 경우 이론적으로 최대의 전송율을 얻을 수 있는 최적 방식을 제시하였다. 그리고, 최적 방식 대비 복잡도를 획기적으로 절감할 수 있는 스케쥴링 알고리즘을 제안하고, 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션을 통하여 성능을 분석하였다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제23권10호
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• pp.763-766
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• 2010

By improving the conducting process of metal source/drain (S/D) in direct contact with the channel, schottky barrier metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistors (SB MOSFETs) reveal low extrinsic parasitic resistances, offer easy processing and allow for well-defined device geometries down to the smallest dimensions. In this work, we investigated the arrhenius plots of the SB MOSFETs with different S/D schottky barrier (SB) heights between simulated and experimental current-voltage characteristics. We fabricated SB MOSFETs using difference S/D metals such as Cr (${\Phi}_{Cr}$ ~4.5 eV) and Ni (${\Phi}_{Ni}$~5.2 eV), respectively. Schottky barrier height (${\Phi}_B$) of the fabricated devices were measured to be 0.25~0.31 eV (Cr-S/D device) and 0.16~0.18 eV (Ni-S/D device), respectively in the temperature range of 300 K and 475 K. The experimental results have been compared with 2-dimensional simulations, which allowed bandgap diagram analysis.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.950-975
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• 2016

Device-to-Device (D2D) communication underlaying cellular networks is a promising add-on component for future radio communication systems. It provides more access opportunities for local device pairs and enhances system throughput (ST), especially when mobile relays (MR) are further enabled to facilitate D2D links when the channel condition of their desired links is unfavorable. However, mutual interference is inevitable due to spectral reuse, and moreover, selecting a suitable transmission mode to benefit the correlated resource allocation (RA) is another difficult problem. We aim to optimize ST of the hybrid system via joint consideration of mode selection (MS) and RA, which includes admission control (AC), power control (PC), channel assignment (CA) and relay selection (RS). However, the original problem is generally NP-hard; therefore, we decompose it into two parts where a hierarchical structure exists: (i) PC is mode-dependent, but its optimality can be perfectly addressed for any given mode with additional AC design to achieve individual quality-of-service requirements. (ii) Based on that optimality, the joint design of MS, CA and RS can be viewed from the graph perspective and transferred into the maximum weighted independent set problem, which is then approximated by our greedy algorithm in polynomial-time. Thanks to the numerical results, we elucidate the efficacy of our mechanism and observe a resulting gain in MR-aided D2D communication.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제23권8호
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• pp.25-30
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• 2018

In this paper, we design a 2D one touch runner game which controls on smart device easily using a Unity3D game engine. Unity is the creator of the world's widely-used 2D and the 3D cross-platform game engine developed by Unity Technologies. Also, Unity builds high-quality 2D and 3D games on a various hardware device. This paper shows the familiar character as a cartoon and feels to enjoy using platformer with various game users. we show that the proposed platformer method improve controlling game path on the smart device.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제14권11호
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• pp.4372-4394
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• 2020

The distribution of popular videos incurs a large amount of traffic at the base stations (BS) of networks. Device-to-multi-device (D2MD) communication has emerged an efficient radio access technology for offloading BS traffic in recent years. However, traditional studies have focused on synchronous user requests whereas asynchronous user requests are more common. Hence, offloading BS traffic in case of asynchronous user requests while considering their time-varying characteristics and the quality of experience (QoE) of video request users (VRUs) is a pressing problem. This paper uses social stability (SS) and video loading duration (VLD)-tolerant property to group VRUs and seed users (SUs) to offload BS traffic. We define the average amount of data transmission (AADT) to measure the network's capacity for offloading BS traffic. Based on this, we formulate a time-varying bipartite graph matching optimization problem. We decouple the problem into two subproblems which can be solved separately in terms of time and space. Then, we propose the socially aware D2MD user selection (SA-D2MD-S) algorithm based on finite horizon optimal stopping theory, and propose the SA-D2MD user matching (SA-D2MD-M) algorithm to solve the two subproblems. The results of simulations show that our algorithms outperform prevalent algorithms.

• 전자공학회논문지
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• 제52권12호
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• pp.10-21
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• 2015

셀룰러 네트워크에서 기지국의 과부하를 줄이고 주파수 부족 현상을 완화시킬 수 있는 D2D(Device-to-Device) 통신에 대한 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 하지만 셀룰러 네트워크의 상향링크 주파수 자원을 공유함으로써 상호간의 간섭은 증가하게 된다. 본 논문에서는 셀룰러와 D2D 사이의 간섭을 줄이기 위하여 연판정 기반의 향상된 수신기를 제안한다. 제안한 수신기는 MMSE (Minimum Mean Square Error) 또는 IRC (Interference Rejection Combing) 수신기를 통해 간섭 신호의 불편 추정 (unbiased estimation) 값을 계산 하고 간섭 신호를 억제 및 제거한다. 간섭 신호는 LLR (Log-Likelihood Ratio)로 표현되는 소프트 정보를 통해 업데이트 한다. 시스템 레벨 시뮬레이션은 3GPP LTE-A 시스템의 20MHz 대역을 기반으로 이루어 졌으며, 시뮬레이션 결과 제안한 수신기를 통해 기존 수신기보다 SINR, 전송률 및 스펙트럼 효율 측면에서 성능 향상을 가져다주는 것을 확인하였다.