• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.269-275
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• 2019

This study intended to examine the relationship between inflation and unemployment rate in Indonesia during 1987 to 2018 period. The study applied a quantitative method using Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) in order to comprehensively understand the causality between inflation and unemployment rates. The data were collected from various main sources including the World Bank, Central Bank of Indonesia, and Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS). The findings showed that inflation has a one-way relationship toward unemployment in Indonesia and it occurs at the third lag. Impulse Response Function (IRF), shows that the inflation rate are fluctuating in response to the shock of unemployment. The unemployment rate responses to shocks from inflation initially increased until it is eventually diminished. It shows that the shocks caused by the impact of inflation were only in the short term. Further, inflation in the three previous lags will have consequences for the unemployment rate in the year. Lastly, both in the long run and short run, unemployment did not affect inflation rates. These findings suggest that high inflation in Indonesia is determined the rising price of basic commodities and fuel. In addition, most companies in Indonesia applying capital intensive so that employment growth in Indonesia is small.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.10
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• pp.239-247
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• 2021

Central Bank authorities should carefully manage inflation rate uncertainties to achieve economic growth and development not only in the short-run but also in the long-run. Since inflation is a key macroeconomic variable, an increased understanding about its behavior is undoubtedly important. Thus, paper employs unit root with breakpoints to examine the mean reverting behavior of inflation rate in the Philippines using monthly data from 2002 to 2020. Empirically, the unit root breakpoint innovational and additive outlier tests favor the stationarity or mean reverting behavior of inflation in the Philippines. Also, results of standard unit root tests, ADF, PP, GLS-Dickey-Fuller, KPSS and NP, provide strong evidence of mean reverting processes. The mean reverting behavior of inflation rate reveals that the monetary policy using inflation targeting framework has succeeded in reducing chronic inflation persistence in the Philippines. Thus, this research supports inflation targeting policy that aims to maintain general price level stability for the Philippine economy's long-term growth and development prospects. The findings of this research remain important for the central bankers for not only providing them better understanding about the behavior of inflation rate, but also helping them formulate and implement policy reforms related to money, credit and banking.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.109-116
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• 2020

The study examines the nexus between financial development and economic growth in India during Q1: 1996 to Q3: 2018. This study employs time-series data of real GDP and ratio of broad money to GDP as a proxy for economic and financial development, respectively. The data are obtained from RBI database on the Indian economy. All variables are seasonally adjusted using X12-arima technique and expressed in natural logarithm form. Non-linear Autoregressive Distributed Lag (NARDL) bound test has been used to check for cointegrating relationship of these two variables. Empirical findings suggest that, unlike in the short run, in the long run financial development does impact economic growth positively. Further, a symmetric effect of positive and negative components of financial development is found for the Indian economy, whereas the effect of control variable like exchange rate and trade openness is in consonance with common economic intuition. Exchange rate is in consonance with intuitive economic logic that a fall in exchange rate makes exports cheaper and increases the quantity of export, which improves the balance of payment and leads to a rise in aggregate demand, hence improves economic growth. This paper contributes to the existing literature on India by breaking down financial indicator into positive and negative components to examine the finance-growth relationship.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.146-151
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• 2016

Objective: This study was conducted to compare the effects of static culture, dynamic culture, and the combination of dynamic culture with specialized surfaces involving co-culture on human embryonic development. Embryos cultured using conventional static culture (SC) techniques served as a control group. We compared dynamic culture using micro-vibration culture (MVC) and micro-vibration with co-culture (MCoC), in which autologous cumulus cells were used as a specialized surface. Methods: We conducted a chart review of patients who were treated between January 2011 and November 2014 in order to compare embryonic development rates and pregnancy rates among the groups. Zygotes were cultured in micro-droplets, and embryos were subsequently selected for transfer. Some surplus embryos were cryopreserved, and the others were cultured for blastocyst development. A micro-vibrator was set at the frequency of 42 Hz for duration of 5 seconds per 60 minutes to facilitate embryo development. Results: No significant differences among the groups were present in patient's characteristics. However, the clinical pregnancy rates were significantly higher in the MVC group and the MCoC group than in the SC group. No significant differences were found in the blastocyst development rate between the SC group and the MVC group, but the blastocyst development rate in the MCoC group was significantly higher than in the SC and MVC groups. Conclusion: The clinical pregnancy rate was significantly increased by the application of micro-vibration to the embryonic cultures of poor responders. The blastocyst development rate was significantly increased by the application of MCoC to surplus embryos.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.444-452
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• 2011

In this study the characteristics of natural ventilation of Venlo-type greenhouse with continuous roof vents were analyzed using commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code. Developed CFD simulation model was verified by comparison with experimental data. Simulation errors were 1.9-46.0% for air velocity and 1.7-11.2% for air temperature at each measurement point. CFD simulations were conducted to estimate the effect of roof vents opening direction, opening angle, outside wind velocity and wind directions on ventilation rate and climate condition in greenhouse. The results of this study showed that ventilation rate of the present greenhouse was increased linearly in proportion to the increase of roof vent opening angle and outside wind velocity over 2.0 m/s. According to the analysis on the effects of different roof vent opening direction, simultaneous opening of wind and leeward vents showed the highest ventilation rate and lowest mean temperature in greenhouse.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.329-338
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• 2007

Samples collected from 15 broiler farms(47 flocks, 920 1-day-old chicks) during March to December, 2006, To survey serum antibody titers of NDV, IBDV and MG/MS, the antibodies of ND viruses were detected by HI test and ELISA, against antibodies of IBD viruses and MG/MS by ELISA. The antibody titers of NDV showed 6.4, HI and 6,968, ELISA, respectively. The rate to below protective antibody levels(${\ge}5$, HI and ${\ge}1,000$, ELISA) were 8%, HI, 5%, ELISA, specially, Baeksemi were 22%, HI, 14%, ELISA. The rate of positive by ELISA showed 99%(914/920). The ELISA titer of IBDV showed mean titer 3,890. The rate of positive were 93% (857/920), specially, Baeksemi were 84%. The ELISA titers of MG/MS showed mean titer 5,666. The rate of positive were 78% (715/920) and 100%, Abor-Acre, 97%, Baeksemi, respectively. The antibodies not detected from 18%, ELISA titers was varied from 500 to 20,000. At antimicrobial susceptibility of E coli, Staphylococcus spp and Salmonella spp isolated from 1-day-old chicks, E coli were susceptible to AmC, AM, NOR, SXT, ENR, CIP, Staphylococcus spp were susceptible to AmC, SXT, AM, ENR and Salmonella spp were susceptible to AM, AmC, SXT and P.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Fisheries Technology Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.391-392
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• 2003

There were many studies on the dependence of clearance rate on temperature and the body size of bivalves (Winter, 1973; Bayne et al., 1976; Yukihira et al., 1998), Most of these studies dealt with relatively large species, especially commercially important species. Studies with smaller but ecologically important species were relative rare(Werner and Hollibaugh, 1993). (omitted)

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.111-117
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• 2015

Objective: In order to increase the number of mature oocytes usable for intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), we aimed to investigate the effect of co-culturing granulosa cells (GCs) on human oocyte maturation in vitro, the fertilization rate, and embryo development. Methods: A total of 133 immature oocytes were retrieved and were randomly divided into two groups; oocytes that were cultured with GCs (group A) and oocytes that were cultured without GCs (group B). After in vitro maturation, only oocytes that displayed metaphase II (MII) underwent the ICSI procedure. The maturation and fertilization rates were analyzed, as well as the frequency of embryo development. Results: The mean age of the patients, their basal levels of follicle-stimulating hormone, and the number of oocytes recovered from the patients were all comparable between the two study groups. The number of oocytes that reached MII (mature oocytes) was 59 out of 70 (84.28%) in group A, compared to 41 out of 63 (65.07%) in group B (p=0.011). No significant difference between fertilization rates was found between the two study groups (p=0.702). The embryo development rate was higher in group A (33/59, 75%) than in group B (12/41, 42.85%; p=0.006). The proportion of highest-quality embryos and the blastocyst formation rate were significantly lower in group B than in group A (p=0.003 and p<0.001, respectively). Conclusion: The findings of the current study demonstrate that culturing immature human oocytes with GCs prior to ICSI improves the maturation rate and the likelihood of embryo development.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.102-113
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• 2009

When planning and promoting apartment house development project, it is very important to carry on profitability in planning stage through realistic evaluation and analysis about distributability. Especially, the analysis about project feasibility through forecasting the early distribute rate is crucial stage because it could evaluate overall expecting benefit and feasibility of the project. However, researches and studies related with forecasting profitability and distributabilty of construction development project are insufficient. Also there is a big gap of the standard for evaluating early distribute rate between government and individual corporations. So it is necessary to study about the evaluating early distribute rate. In this point, this study aims to present effective evaluating standard(criteria) which is for forecasting profitability and distribute rate through analyzing various factors and weight of apartment house development projects. This study compared and analyzed examples of the real initial rate of private apartment sale based on the government estimated standard. Among estimated index, omitted items and factors to be additionally considered are combined as 33 detail appraisal contents of 4 parts 9 items by allotting them based on the data about priority of all considered factors.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.789-796
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• 2014

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of feeding rate on growth performance, blood components and histology of growing olive flounder. The experiment was carried out to determine the optimum feeding rate of the fish (initial fish mean weight of $97{\pm}3.0$ g) at the optimum water temperature. Two replicated groups of fish were fed commercial diet at the feeding rates of 0, 1.0, 1.65 and 2.3% body weight (BW)/day and satiation. Feeding trial was conducted under a flow-through system with ten 1.2 metric ton aquaria receiving filtered seawater at $21{\pm}2^{\circ}C$ for three weeks. Weight gain and specific growth rate (SGR) for fish fed to satiation were significantly higher than those for the unfed fish and for fish fed at 1.0 and 1.65% BW/day. There were no significant differences in values of such parameters between fish fed at 1.65% and those fed at 2.3% BW/day and between fish fed at 2.3% and those fed to satiation. Weight gain and SGR for the unfed fish were significantly lower than those for fish in the other treatments. All the tissues (hepatopancreas, kidney and anterior intestine) were in good condition in fish fed the experimental diet at different feeding rates. This result indicates that the optimum feeding rates of olive flounder (97-160 g) was approximately 2.52% BW/day at the optimum water temperature.