• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.109-119
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• 2016

The height datum of Korea is currently separated into land and sea, which makes it difficult to acquire homogeneous and accurate height information throughout the whole nation. In this study, we therefore tried to suggest the more effective way to transform the height information were constructed separately according to each height datum on land and sea to those on the unique height datum using precise geoid models and tidal observations in Korea. For this, Anmyeon island was selected as a study area to develop the precise geoid models based on the height datums land (IMSL) and sea (LMSL), respectively. In order to develop two hybrid geoid models based on each height datum of land an sea, we firstly develop a precise gravimetric geoid model using the remove and restore (R-R) technique with all available gravity observations. The gravimetric geoid model were then fitted to the geometric geoidal heights, each of which is represented as height datum of land or sea respectively, obtained from GPS/Leveling results on 15 TBMs in the study area. Finally, we determined the differences between the two hybrid geoid models to apply the height transformation between IMSL and LMSL. The co-tidal chart model of TideBed system developed by Korea Hydrographic and Oceanographic Agency (KHOA) which was re-gridded to have the same grid size and coverage as the geoid model, in order that this can be used for the height datum transformation from LMSL to local AHHW and/or from LMSL to local DL. The accuracy of height datum transformation based on the strategy suggested in this study was approximately ${\pm}3cm$. It is expected that the results of this study can help minimize not only the confusions on the use of geo-spatial information due to the disagreement caused by different height datum, land and sea, in Korea, but also the economic and time losses in the execution of coastal development and disaster prevention projects in the future.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.65-78
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• 2018

In As urban apartment are aging, the necessity of reconstruction or remodeling to extend the life of buildings is increasing. In such a case, a co-housing association is formed to implement decisions on reconstruction or remodeling projects. At this time, the most important thing for the co-housing association is the business feasibility based on the input of the construction cost.In the case of reconstruction, it is possible to estimate the construction cost by using the accumulated construction cost data, and then evaluate the feasibility using the construction cost. However, in case of remodeling, it is difficult to calculate the accurate construction cost because the number of accumulated construction cost data is small. In addition, non-specialist clients often require estimates of various design factors, often negatively impacting the accuracy of estimates and the duration of estimates. Therefore, in this study, proposed method to reflect the opinion of the owner who is a non-expert, as a design element, and a method of calculating the expected construction cost according to the design element, and constructed this system so that it can be easily used by the non-specialist owner. In order to clearly reflect the requirements of the non-specialist owner in the estimates, extracts the design elements from the existing remodeling cases, classify them, and suggest a plan for the client to choose. In order to reflect the design factors to the estimates, the existing apartment house remodeling cases were investigated and the design factors were extracted to have a large effect on the construction cost. Finally, developed system based on MS Excel so that the above contents can be easily used by a non-specialist client. In order to verify the accuracy of the proposed estimate in this study, verified the accuracy of 80% of the results by substituting the case of remodeling quotations and obtained a positive result from the questionnaire survey to examine the ease of use of the non-specialist customer. In this study, propose an estimate estimation method using four cases. If the remodeling cases are accumulated continuously, the expected effect of this study will be higher.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.176-188
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• 2018

Modern urban problems are increasingly becoming a market mix that can not be solved by the power of a single department and the necessity of establishing a cooperation system based on data communication between departments is increasing. Therefore, this study analyzed Busan metropolitan city's IT projects from 2014 to 2018 in order to understand the utilization and sharing status of departmental data from the viewpoint that cooperation between departments can start from the sharing of data with high common utilization. In addition, based on the results of the FGI(Focus Group Interview) conducted for the officials of the department responsible for the informatization project, we verified the results of data status analysis. At the same time, we figured out the necessity of data link between departments through SNA(Social Network Analysis) and presented data that should be shared first in the future. As a result, most of the information systems currently use limited data only within the department that produced the data. Most of the linked data was concentrated in the information department. Therefore, this study suggested the following solutions. First, in order to prevent overlapping investments caused by the operation of individual departments and share information, it is necessary to build a small platform to tie the departments, which have high connectivity with each other, into small blocks. Second, a local level process is needed to develop data standards as an extension of national standards in order to expand the information to be used in various fields. Third, as another solution, we proposed a system that can integrate various types of information based on address and location information through application of cloud-based GIS platform. The results of this study are expected to contribute to build a cooperation system between departments through expansion of information sharing with cost reduction.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.50-66
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• 1975

Since it is an undeniable fact that the so-called illegal field-burning cultivation is directly implicated in the causes of forest devastation, land erosion, and drought and flood, thus, barring the nation from a well-balanced economic growth, the policy to exterminate its practices must have the topmost priority. Eighty percent of Gangweon-do is mountain forests and naturally of all others this province has the largest area of illegally burned hill-side farminglands, stubbornly retarding the provincial development policy as well as directly causing tremendous forest damages. In 1965 a 7-year plan mapped out to rehabilitate these gypsy type field burning farmers only to be suspended in 1968 to give way to the mandatory project of clearing the isolated farmsteads set in deep mountain to circumvent the guerilla forces signaled by the so-called Samcheok-Uljin area infiltration. In the meantime, new hordes of roving farmers burned the forests, working a renewed havoc. To cope with this situation, the provincial government, taking the year 1973 as a planning year, launched another three year project (1974-76) and has been enforcing the rehabilitation project mobilizing the whole administrative power. Whether or not this project will succeed solely depends upon whether the forcedly rehabilitated roving farmers can really establish self-supporting homesteads. Among the various difficulties facing the newly established homesteaders are: (1) First of all, the homesteaders must be given money-earning jobs. (2) Financial supports or subsidies must be provided them with which to establish self-supporting homesteads. (3) Private enterprises as well as public organizations must offer them jobs with priority. (4) The rehabilitated rovers themselves must establish self-supporting homesteads before expecting the external assistance. (5) The rehabilitated rovers themselves must have the spirit of self-help, welcoming all levels and all kinds of jobs. (6) The rural revitalization movement must expand the self-help reconstruction projects to give them the opportunity to work. (7) All citizen in the province must receive and protect them with brethren love. (8) The evacuated burned-forests must be reforestrated with the principle of "best trees to the best lands". (9) The seedlings of species that the forest owners select must anyhow be secured and supplied (10) The organization and function of the village forestry association must be strengthened to take effective care of the reforestated burned-forests.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.45-76
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• 2000

The purposes of this study were to investigate and understand the present status of various types of "deserts", such as sand desert, gravel desert, rock desert, earth desert, salt desert, desert, rocky desert, gobi desert, sandy desert, clay desert, etc., and the general countermeasures for the combating "desertification" "desertization", and to develop the technologies on the revegetation and restoration for the combating desertification in China. The methods of this study were mainly composed of field surveys on the several experimental sites and research institutes related to combating desertification in China, and examinations on the various technologies for the combating desertification at the Daxing Experimental Station of Beijing Forestry University. The conclusion from this study may be summarized as follows; 1. Status and tendency of desertification in China : China is one of the countries seriously threatened by desertification. Desertification affected areas in China are mainly distributed in arid, semi-arid and dry sub-humid areas in China, covering the most regions of the Northeast China (eastern region of Inner-Mongolia), the northern part of the North China (middle and western region of Inner-Mongolia, Shaanxi, Ningsha, Gansu) and the western part of the Northwest China (Xinzang, Qinghai, Xizang). The total area affected by desertification in China is approximately 2.622 million $km^2$. It covers 27.3% of the total territory of China. Until recently, it is estimated that the annual spreading ratio of desertification in China is 2,460 $km^2$. Therefore, desertification is mostly serious problems facing to the Chinese people. 2. The causes and environmental effect of desertification : The desertification in China is mainly caused by compound factors, including natural condition and human activities. In China, the desertification is started by the decrease of precipitation, continuous dry and drought, strong wind, wind and water erosion, land degradation and loss of natural vegetation caused by climate variation, and accelerated by the human activities, such as over-cultivating, over-grazing, over-cutting of woods, irrational use of water resources. Because desertification has affected the geographical features, soil nutrients contents, salinity, vegetation coverage and the functions of ecosystem, the environmental deteriorations in the desertification affected areas are very seriously. 3. The fundamental strategies of combating desertification in China are the increase of education and awareness of people through various mass media, the revision of laws to guarantee operation of Desertification Combating Law and to improve many relating laws and regulations, the application of advanced technologies and training of experts, the establishment of discriminative policies, and increasing arrangement of budget-investment, and so on. China, as a signed country in UNCCD, has made efforts for the combating desertification. Korea is also signed country in UNCCD, so we should play an important role in the desertification combating projects of China for the northest asia and global environmental conservation as well as environmental conservation of Korea.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.35-52
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• 2014

This study analyzed the 12 different technology home economics textbooks I, II for middle school students and the content systems of the textbooks by 7 instructional strategies in Reigeluth's elaboration theory. The units analyzed were 'Clothing and self-expression' and 'Eco-friendly clothing life and recycling by reform'. The purpose of this study was to provide basic information for the development of textbooks and teaching materials by analyzing current textbooks. Researchers analyzed the textbooks individually using pre-developed analysis frame using Reigeluth's elaboration theory. The results of the study were as follows. The conceptual elaboration process was used in the unit of 'Clothing and self-expression' of all the textbooks used in this study, and procedural elaboration process was mostly used in the unit of 'Eco-friendly clothing life and recycling by reform'. The strategies of advance learning ability were presented mostly in the forms of 'Learning Objective', 'Thought Opening', 'Key terms' in either unit and sub unit. The strategies of summarizer were presented as 'Unit Summary', 'Cleanup' and 'Assessment'. The strategies of synthesizer were used in all the textbooks as the 'Exploration' to increase the students interest through the promotion of the learning content in a variety of activities and projects. The cognitive activator strategies were shown in all of the textbooks using mostly 'Figure,' and others such as 'Table,' 'Diagram', and 'Explanation of Terms'. The strategies of learner control were used to guide the supplement and deepen the learning by various forms. However the analogy strategies were hardly used in units of textbooks analyzed in this study. As a result, the technology home economics textbooks I, II for middle school students applied the Reigeluth's elaboration theory, except the analogy strategies. It is recommended to utilize th analogy strategies and various activities to enhance the students' understanding and participation.

• 대한공업교육학회지
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.192-217
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• 2008

This paper investigated the perceived criticalities and patterns of Korean Professional Engineer's competency regarding the working activities of automative product development, manufacturing, etc by using questionnaires responded to the survey which were applied to the automotive professors, experts and professional engineers (vocational parties) by e/mail, etc. This research investigated the following questions: First, what are the characteristic patterns, relevancy and perceived criticalities of Korean Professional Engineer's competencies? Second, What are the ranked priority of the Korean Professional Engineers' competencies? Are there any differency for each item, sub group of job, intelectual criterior of the competencies between relevancy and perceived criticalities according to the types of vocational parties, etc.? Accoring to the results; first, Professor group showed highest points among 3 groups per each item of the competencies by vocational parties Second, Chassis design group ranked top position among the 8 sub groups by vocational parties and, third, Problem Solving Knowledge ranked highest points than any others. Korean Professional Engineers are found to be positioned as key members, leaders and managers on surveying market, product planning, designing product & components, developing component parts, establishing shop with production equipment, managing quality control & material handling, organizing relevant meetings, developing human resources by training and learning, to back up finance with law matters, cooperating with concerned parties to achieve organizational goals, and to coordinate projects. etc, identifying ethical issues and business skills in order to survive and win to be competitive in various kinds of the automotive industry battle fields.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.35 no.6_4
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• pp.1319-1326
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• 2019

The KARI(Korea Aerospace Research Institute) operates the government satellite information application consultation to cope with ever-increasing demand for satellite images in the public sector, and carries out various support projects including the generation and provision of mosaic images on the Korean Peninsula every year to enhance user convenience and promote the use of satellite images. In particular, the government has wanted to increase the utilization of mosaic images on the Korean Peninsula and seek to classify and update mosaic images so that users can use them in their businesses easily. However, it is necessary to test and verify whether the classification results of the mosaic images can be utilized in the field since the original spectral information is distorted during pan-sharpening and color balancing, and there is a limitation that only R, G, and B bands are provided. Therefore, in this study, the reliability of the classification result of the mosaic image was compared to the result of KOMPSAT-3 image. The study found that the accuracy of the classification result of KOMPSAT-3 image was between 81~86% (overall accuracy is about 85%), while the accuracy of the classification result of mosaic image was between 69~72% (overall accuracy is about 72%). This phenomenon is interpreted not only because of the distortion of the original spectral information through pan-sharpening and mosaic processes, but also because NDVI and NDWI information were extracted from KOMPSAT-3 image rather than from the mosaic image, as only three color bands(R, G, B) were provided. Although it is deemed inadequate to distribute classification results extracted from mosaic images at present, it is believed that it will be necessary to explore ways to minimize the distortion of spectral information when making mosaic images and to develop classification techniques suitable for mosaic images as well as the provision of NIR band information. In addition, it is expected that the utilization of images with limited spectral information could be increased in the future if related research continues, such as the comparative analysis of classification results by geomorphological characteristics and the development of machine learning methods for image classification by objects of interest.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.195-201
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• 2007

Purpose: As a part of the analysis of home-based cancer patients management of public health renters in cities, counties and districts across the nation, this study is to understand the degree of patient demands for that management and the degree and scope of the supply for the patient's demand. Methods: Developed the questionnaire which was constituted of degree of demand and supply for home-based cancer patient management and analyzed data centering on the frequencies and percentages by utilizing SPSS WIN 12.0. Results: The services provided through the home-based cancer patients management project include physical, emotional, spiritual and education/informative services. A survey was conducted for home-based cancer patients about these services, and its result showed that the degree of demand and supply was highest for emotional service, followed by education/informative service, spiritual service and physical service in the order of the demand-supply degree. When main items for each service were examined, it was found that: in the case of physical service, pain control was provided murk lower than its demand, while excretion disorder control and individual hygiene is provided murk more than its demand. In the case of emotional service, the degree of demand was overall higher than that of supply; spiritual service was provided appropriately to the degree of demand. Conclusion: This study examines the home-based canter patients management project of public health centers and compares and analyzes the degree of demand for patient services and the degree of services that are actually provided. The findings could be used as based data for the development of effective programs in future on the basis of actual demands of home-based cancer patients.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.3-39
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• 2019

Even after the Constitutional Court decided on August 23, 2012 that the provisions of abortion were constitutional, discussions on the abolition of abortion continued. The controversy about abortion is not only happening recently, but it has already existed since the time when the Penal Code was enacted, and it shares the history of modern legislation with the Republic of Korea. Legislators whom submitted amendment while insisting upon the eradication of abortion in the process of enacting criminal law at that time, presented social and economic adaptation reasons as the core reason. From then on, the abolition of abortion has been discussed during the development dictatorship, but this was not intended to guarantee women's human rights, but it was closely connected to the national policy projects of "Contraception" and "Family Planning" of the Park's dictatorship. Since then, the enactment of the Mother and Child Health Law, which restrictively allow artificial abortion, was held on February 8, 1973, in an emergency cabinet meeting that replaced the legislative power after the National Assembly was disbanded. It became effected May 10th. The reason behind the Mother and Child Health Law that included legalization of abortion in part was that the Revitalizing Reform at that time did not allow any opinion, so it seem to be it was difficult for the religious to express opposition. The "Maternal and Child Health Law" enacted in this way has been maintained through several amendments. It can be seen that the question of maintenance of abortion has been running on parallel lines without any significant difference from the time when the Penal Code was enacted. On August 23, 2012, the Constitutional Court decided that the Constitutional Opinion and the unonstitutional Opinion were 4: 4. However, it was decided by the Constitution without satisfying the quorum for unconstitutional decision of the Constitutional Court. This argument about abolition of abortion is settled for the the time being with the decision of the constitutional inconsistency of the Constitutional Court, and now, the National Assembly bears the issue of new legislation. In other words, the improved legislation must be executed until December 31, 2020, and if the previous improved legislation is not implemented, the crime of abortion (Article 269, Paragraph 1, Article 270 of the Criminal Code) Article 1 (1) will cease to be effective from 1 January 2021. Therefore, in the following, we will look into the reason of the Constitutional Court's constitutional discordance adjudication on criminal abortion(II), and how it structurally differs from the previous Constitutional Court and the Supreme Court. After considering key issues arised from the constitutional discordance adjudication(III), the legislative direction and within the scope of legislative discretion in accordance with the criteria presented by the Constitutional Court We reviewed the proposed revisions to the Penal Code and the Mather and Child Health Act of Korea(IV).