• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.sup3
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• pp.201-204
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• 2016

This study aimed to quantify associations of the human development inequality (HDI) index with incidence, mortality, and mortality to incidence ratios for eight common cancers among different countries. In this ecological study, data about incidence and mortality rates of cancers was obtained from the Global Cancer Project for 169 countries. HDI indices for the same countries was obtained from the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) database. The concentration index was defined as the covariance between cumulative percentage of cancer indicators (incidence, mortality and mortality to incidence ratio) and the cumulative percentage of economic indicators (country economic rank). Results indicated that incidences of cancers of liver, cervix and esophagus were mainly concentrated in countries with a low HDI index while cancers of lung, breast, colorectum, prostate and stomach were concentrated mainly in countries with a high HDI index. The same pattern was observed for mortality from cancer except for prostate cancer that was more concentrated in countries with a low HDI index. Higher MIRs for all cancers were more concentrated in countries with a low HDI index. It was concluded that patterns of cancer occurrence correlate with care disparities at the country level.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.9 no.1 s.18
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• pp.47-53
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• 2003

The purpose of this research was to develop evaluation index of regional development for producing potential values of rural regions besides agriculture on a commercial scale. Rural regions have potential values such as preserved nature and spatial advantages and so on. For regional development, potential values should be synthetically evaluated by objective and standard index for supporting decision. For evaluation of plural functions of rural regions, evaluation index of rural regions was developed based on rural amenity. Applicability of evaluation index was studied using GIS and natural break method.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.469-479
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• 2009

New rural village development programs have been implemented, and rural village land use is expanded to encompass green-tourism, citizen and silver domicile space because of the internal and the external changes in the agricultural environment. This study was conducted to propose the evaluation index for retiree rural village development project issued by Ministry for Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries. The evaluation index was consisted of four categories (population, economic, environment, and living), which were consisted of 35 variables. The relative weight for 35 variables was calculated based on the questionnaire survey from the experts and AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process). Growth rate of population in population criteria, job creation by exterior inflow in economics criteria, improvement of exchange between urban and rural in life criteria, and the flood outbreak in environment criteria were the most important contents of 35 variables. These results are consistent with the objectives of retiree rural village development project, and indicate the need of prevention the negative sides by implementation of the project.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.1657-1667
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• 2007

This study propose a model for railway safety evaluation with which the safety of whole railway system can be evaluated. The evaluation model is to generate a safety index which quantitatively represent the degree of railway safety. Safety index is proposed a function of three indexes; an accident index, safety management index, and safety culture index. This paper describes the first result from the study on the safety target which will be a key starting point toward the development of safety evaluation model. It is recommended that the safety target be composed of several sub-targets that are apportioned to constituent components. It is concluded that the classification of safety target influence on deciding components or attributes that constitute each sub-indexes; an accident index, safety management index, and safety culture index. Based on this study, a railway safety evaluation model will be developed in the next study.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.385-394
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• 2006

Land resources should be managed not only for human utilizations but also for environmental preservation. Based on that, environmental capacity should be estimated in both environmental and developmental ways. This study was performed for developing an estimation model for relative environmental capacity, considering both Development Tolerance Index(DTI), which shows environmental and ecological conservation value and is based on national environmental assessment indicators of the Korea Ministry of Environment, and Development Attractiveness Index(DAI), which shows topographical characteristics and geographical accessibility. The relative environmental capacity in this study can be helpful to coping with the conflict in planning and managing the use of land resources. The relative environmental capacity in this study, however, did not include either environmental or ecological sensitivity of land resources. This limitation should be solved through further research.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.22 no.7
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• pp.283-293
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• 2022

One of the important areas of state policy in the socio-economic and cultural development of the country is cultural diplomacy. It contributes to the information dissemination about the country, strengthens interstate relations, and forms a positive image. Through cultural diplomacy, we achieve a positive perception of the world community of the country, determined by its place in the modern system of international relations. The aim of the study is a comparative analysis of cultural diplomacy opportunities for sustainable development at different levels of public relations, as well as the impact of cultural diplomacy opportunities on the indicators of the Global Sustainable Competitiveness Index and the Global Sustainable Development Index. Regarding the results of the research on the impact of cultural diplomacy opportunities on the indicators of the Global Index of Sustainable Competitiveness and the Global Index of Sustainable Development, four groups are identified among the countries of the European Union: countries with a very high level of sustainable competitiveness and sustainable development; countries with a high level of sustainable competitiveness and sustainable development; countries with low levels of sustainable competitiveness and sustainable development.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.2
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• pp.23-59
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• 1975

Indexes has not devcloped as an independent branch in library science from the beginning, but it has gradually evolved in a clo~eas sociation with catalog and under the direct influence of the development of publishing pro cesses and of the rapid social changes. Historically, index in the West can be traced back to eariler concordance. On the other hand, index in the Bast does not show a continuous development. It started with book catnlog, but other types of indexing were later 'adopted from the West. Indexing in the West and in the East can be summarized as follows: 1) In the West, Taylor considers Gesner's Pandectae was the first index but the Concordance of the Bible in 1247 was the first true index. Indexing method was first established later in 1545 in Gesner's Partitiones which appeared in three volumes. Classified index appeared after Partitions, but alphabetically ordered index was not developed until th eseventeenth century. The pxiodical index of La France S~auante in 1683 proved -its value, and Poole's An Alphabetical Index in the nineteenth century became the turning point in the development of indexing. After Poole's Index appeared periodical index and book catalog gradually began to be treated separately, and subject index and cross reference were incorporated into indexing. Also dictionary arrangement of the indexed items was adopted in the second half of the nincteenth, century after Charles A. Cutter developed his theory of rules for dictionary catalog and systematic studies of indexing were carried out by many scholars. In the twentieth century, index was mainly developed in the United States of America, especially by Wilson publishing Company. The general trend is to move away from the gcncral index to subject index. Also the ncwspapcr indcx such as The Times I~zdcx is 21 landmark in the history cf indcxing. 2) In China, thcs arc somc cvidcnccs that $Bizgluh(&), $ was the first indcx, but unforlunatcly the book itsclf has not been found as yet.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.33-45
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• 1997

Nowadays, the environmental conservation has become a hot issue. Also the sustainable city issue is recognized as one of the most important tasks to be solved urgently for urban development. Therefore, the current indicator for sustainable city has been analyzed only as a segment of the environmental indicator which is one kind of branch of social indicator. However, considering the degree of pollution and heightened concern, it is time to develop a new and improved framework for the analysis of the sustainable city indicator. This study aims for the development of sustainable city indicator and the examination of practical method for the use of them. Urban sustainable city indicators are based on the "Pressure-State-Response (PSR) framework" which has been adopted by Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). The indicators suggested in this study is composed of the following categories: 1. Indicators of natural environment itself, such as land structure (available land use index etc.), bio-species (bio-diversity index etc.), environment resources (water quantity index etc.) 2. Indicators of relationship between man and environment, such as sustainability of using material (recycle of water index etc.), pressure size (pressure index on air etc.), effort of prevention (environmental basic facility index, etc.) 3. Indicators of environmental state, such as landscape and culture (historical & cultural index etc.), environmental pollution (air pollution index etc.) A sustainable city environment is necessary and obtainable, yet its realization seems to be difficult. The urban pollution problems have become more serious than ever before thus requiring much interest. Therefore, this kind of study is meaningful for the establishment of policy objective, and the development and management environmentally sound and sustainable cities.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.133-138
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• 2021

The concept of inclusive development provides equal opportunities for all participants in access to the labor market and resource allocation. This concept emphasizes the equality of human capital, the ecological state of the environment, social protection and food security. This concept is fundamentally different from the standard perception of economic growth, because it has broader goals than simply increasing incomes and GDP. It rejects the position that positive results are an automatic consequence of growth; here the basic condition is human development and increase of its well-being, reduction of poverty. Therefore, it is not the result of distribution that becomes primary, but the involvement in the process of social reproduction. An alternative system of characterization of the country's position according to the resulting indicator of the Inclusive Development Index was presented at the World Economic Forum in Davos. In this research the methodical development of the system of estimation of the index of inclusive development for regions of the NUTS 4 level of the European classification is resulted.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.189-198
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• 2014

This paper presents the results of an experimental investigation of the correlation between the lubrication characteristics of an engine and its fuel economy. Improving the lubrication characteristics of the engine oil is one of the most efficient ways to improve a car's fuel economy. The methods to accomplish this include lowering the viscosity, adding a friction modifier and optimizing the shear stability index of a viscosity index improver. In addition, it is necessary to use different methods to reduce the friction to individual lubrication areas, because different lubrication regimes are used for different engine parts. The experimental investigation in this study is based on design of experiments ; this paper presents the results of a modified Sequence VID test, which is an ASTM standard test used to measure the effects of automotive engine oils on the fuel economy of passenger cars. The results demonstrate the effects of the following lubrication factors on the fuel economy : the low temperature cranking viscosity, high-temperature high shear (HTHS) viscosity, friction modifier, polymer type and shear stability index of the viscosity index improver. Moreover, this study involves an analysis of variance based on design of experiments. The test results show that the HTHS viscosity, friction modifier and shear stability index of the viscosity index improver are more effective than the other factors. Therefore, lowering the viscosity, adding a friction modifier and optimizing the shear stability index of a viscosity index improver should be considered to improve fuel economy.