• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.250-257
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• 2021

Laundry industry has traditionally been considered an industry that generates large amounts of wastewater and Volatile Organic Compounds(VOCs). This is still the case until now. Household laundry detergents are produced and distributed within the safety regulations on the amount of harmful substances detected. While industrial laundry detergents are often distributed without safety regulations, and even laundry workers manufacture and use them on their own. This contaminates water and air and also threatens the safety of workers. This study is a basic study for distributing eco-friendly detergents(EFD-A) developed through previous studies to the laundry industry. Safety, washability and wastewater quality of EFD-A are evaluated. Three existing commercial detergents(PD1, PD2, LD4) are also evaluated to compare with EFD-A. The safety of detergents is confirmed by the content of optical brightener, VOCs, and arsenic. Washability is evaluated by the difference in reflectance of washed and unwashed artificial soiled fabrics according to detergent concentration, washing temperature, and washing time. TOC is used as the index of assessing the wastewater quality. The results are as follows; EFD-A doesn't contain the optical brighteners, VOCs, and arsenic. The optimal washing conditions for EFD-A are 3 g/L concentration, 40 ℃ washing temperature, and 30 min washing time. The soil removal efficiency is about 71 %, which was similar to or somewhat superior to that of PD1, PD2, and LD4. TOC is 63.5 %, which is about 15 % lower than the discharge limit. Through this study, the developed detergent EFD-A can be used as a safe and eco-friendly detergent for the human body and the environment.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.76-82
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• 2001

An aqueous solution of a commercial liquid synthetic detergent for kitchen use was photodecomposed in the presence of titanium dioxides ponder under an atmosphere of air at room temperature. Titanium dioxides were prepared by sol-gel method from titanium iso-propoxide at different R R ratio($H_2O$/titanium iso-propoxide) and calcined at $500^{\circ}C$. All titanium dioxides m characterized by XRD, BET surface area analyzer and UV-VIS spectrometer. The surface mea of titanium dioxides prepared at R ratio=6 appeared higher volume about 20% than commercial $TiO_2$ catalyses. XRD patterns of titania particles were observed mixing phase together with rutile and anatase type. Titanium dioxides prepared by sol-gel method show higher activity about 6% than commercial $TiO_2$ catalysts on the Photocatalytic foundation of a commercial liquid synthetic detergent for kitchen. The concentration of the detergent decreased to about 90%, of its initial value at illumination times of 2 hour. illumination for 30 minutes decreased the concentration of oxygen to about one-fifth of the initial value.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.346-353
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• 2010

본 연구는 젖소 착유농가를 대상으로 착유 및 집유 후 친환경세제를 사용하여 세척효과에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위해 수행되었다. 착유환경이 다른 5지역의 농가를 대상으로 총 시험 기간 6주 동안 첫 3주는 기존 관행세제인 알칼리 세제와 산세제를 사용하여 착유기, 냉각기 및 착유기 라이너를 세척하였으며, 처리를 달리하여 3주는 알칼리 세제와 친환경세제를 사용하여 세척 하였다. 또한 착유기 라이너 내부를 멸균된 swab을 이용해 시계방향으로 10회 닦은 후 0.1% peptone수에 보관하였으며, 채취된 모든 샘플은 아이스박스를 이용해 보관 운반하여 잔류세균 및 잔류물질 분석을 실시하였다. 미생물 분포는 모든 지역의 착유농가에서 대장균, 대장균군, 황색포도상구균, 분내 대장균군, 녹농균 및 여시니아균이 발견되지 않았으며, 총균수는 관행세제 사용과 비교하여 차이가 없었다. 따라서 친환경세제의 세척효과는 관행세제와 비교하여 비슷한 세척효과를 나타낸 것으로 조사되었다. 세척수 잔류물질은 안성, 온양 및 천안의 젖소 착유농가의 세척수로 사용한 용수에서 질산성 질소가 기준치를 초과하였으며, 세척수의 잔류물질에서도 높은 농도를 나타냈다. 특히 원유의 특이취와 밀접한 관계가 있는 음이온계면활성제의 농도는 관행세제를 사용한 오수와 남원지역의 세척수에서 기준치보다 높은 농도를 나타냈으며, 친환경세제 사용 처리구에서는 기준치보다 낮은 결과를 나타냈다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 친환경 세제를 젖소 착유농가의 착유기 및 냉각기의 세척제로 사용하였을 때, 관행세제와 비교하여 세척효과가 비슷한 것으로 조사됐다. 또한 세척제 사용뿐만 아니라, 위생적인 착유장비 및 세척에 사용되는 용수 관리가 고품질 원유생산에 중요한 영향을 줄 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.189-199
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• 2004

This study analyed the results of the survey on the actual condition and the attitude in using laundry detergents of housewives in Jeonbuk region centering around Jeonju\ulcornerGunsan. The purpose of this study is to give more reasonable and scientific clothing management and to help to solve the problems of the environmental pollution caused by laundry detergents. Both Jeonju(71.4％) and Gunsan(71.0%) got informations about environmental pollution through mass media like TV and Radio. As for the degree of recognition of regenerated soap, comparing with the synthetic detergent, most people thought that the regenerated soap had better detergency, less water pollution, and less harm to the human being than the synthetic detergent. Accordingly, it showed they misconceived it. It showed that the aged consumers in Jeonju and Gunsan had all good attitudes for the practice. As roles of consumers toward the problems of environmental pollution, the respondents who thought that the consumers roles were important took high percentage(Jeonju 86.8% and Gunsan 84.5%). In conclusion, they showed high degree of concerns in the recognition of necessity about the proper use of detergent, however, low in their attitudes in real life applications.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.33-38
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• 2013

Many occupational workers or professionals have to walk on the various floors for a long period of time. The objective of this study was to develop the safety shoes with increased traction through the material selection. In order to fulfill our objective, first, two kinds of filler were selected to compare the wear mechanism at outsole surface. The developed rubber materials were tested with two kinds of portable slip meters. The sample safety shoes with developed rubber materials were also tested with subject in the laboratory. During walking, the safety shoes were naturally abraded with counter surface. The coefficient of friction(COF) was gradually decreased with number of steps to 30,000, while the COF was abruptly increased from 30,000 to 40,000. The experimental results showed that COF tested with silica rubber was at least 10% higher than that with carbon black rubber in wet or detergent condition. It has been well recognized that filler properties play a important role in wet traction in the tire industry. However it has been unclear that filler properties would be decisive factor in safety shoes. Our study shows that silica exhibits a higher slip resistance than carbon black without reference to wear states in wet or detergent condition. So, this results will provide guides for outsole compounders to develop new products and improve product performance.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제53권6호
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• pp.792-798
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• 2021

과일 및 채소의 세척방법에 대한 실태와 세척제를 야채과일의 세척에 사용하는 경우 계면활성제 6종(LAS, SLES, AOS, SLS, CAPB, LDAO)의 잔류 정도를 LC-MS/MS를 이용하여 조사하였다. 설문조사 결과, 과일 및 채소 세척 시 세척제를 사용하는 경우는 4-16%이며, 이중 세척제의 표시사용 농도를 인지하고 이를 실제로 사용하는 경우는 14%에 불과하였다. 표시 사용량인 0.2%로 세척제를 희석하여 야채와 과일을 담근 경우 평균 2.61%의 계면활성제 잔류율을 보였으며, 표시사용농도의 5배와 25배로 희석한 1와 5% 세척액의 경우 평균 4.68-5.50%의 계면활성제 잔류율을 보였다. 헹굼과정에서 방울토마토는 0.2% 세척액으로 세척 후 30초간 1회 헹굼을 하면 계면활성제가 잔류하지 않았으며 1%와 5% 세척액은 2회 반복 시 잔류하지 않았다. 상추의 경우 0.2%와 1% 세척액으로 세척 후 30초간 2회 헹굼을 하면 계면활성제가 잔류하지 않았으며 5% 세척액은 3회 반복 시 잔류하지 않았다. 따라서 1종 세척제를 사용하여 과채류를 세척할 경우 제품에 표기되어 있는 표시사용량을 준수하고, 깨끗한 물로 30초씩 3회 이상 헹구는 것이 계면활성제의 잔류량을 최소화할 수 있을 것으로 보였다.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.187-191
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• 2000

A validation study was conducted to determine the efficacy of solvent/Detergent (S/D) inactivation and Q-Sepharose column chromatographic removal of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) during the manufacturing of a high purity antihemopilic factor VIII (GreenMono) from human plasma. S/D treatment using the organic solvent, tri (n-butyl) phosphate, and the detergent, Trition X-100, was a robust and effective step in eliminating HIV-1. The HIV-1 titer was reduced from an initial titer of 8.3 log10 TCID50 to undetectable levels within one minute of S/D treatment, HIV-1 was effectively partitioned form factor VIII during Q-Sepharose column chromatography with the log reduction factor of 4.1 . These results strongly assure the safety of GreenMono From HIV.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.19-25
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• 2006

With particular regards to the hepatitis A virus (HAV), a terminal dry-heat treatment ($100^{\circ}C$ for 30 min) process, following lyophilization, was developed to improve the virus safety of a solvent/detergent-treated antihemophilic factor IX concentrate. The loss of factor IX activity during dry-heat treatment was of about 3%, as estimated by a clotting assay. No substantial changes were observed in the physical and biochemical characteristics of the dry-heat-treated factor IX compared with those of the factor IX before dry-heat treatment. The dry-heat-treated factor IX was stable for up to 24 months at $4^{\circ}C$, The dry-heat treatment after lyophilization was an effective process for inactivating viruses. The HAV and murine encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) were completely inactivated to below detectable levels within 10 min of the dry-heat treatment. Porcine parvovirus (PPV) and bovine herpes virus (BHV) were potentially sensitive to the treatment. The log reduction factors achieved during lyophilization and dry-heat treatment were ${\ge}5.60$ for HAV, ${\ge}6.08$ for EMCV, 2.64 for PPV, and 3.59 for BHV. These results indicate that dry-heat treatment improves the virus safety of factor IX concentrates, without destroying the activity. Moreover, the treatment represents an effective measure for the inactivation of non-lipid enveloped viruses, in particular HAV, which is resistant to solvent/detergent treatment.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.441-446
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• 2008

본 연구는 토마토 추출물의 주방세제 유도성 건성피부에 대한 효능을 실험쥐에 식이방법과 피부도포방법으로 처리하여 확인하였다. 약 3주간의 주방세제 처리에 의한 건성 증후는 홍반의 심각한 상태를 나타내는 4정도의 visual scoring이 모든 군에서 확인되었다. 그러나 약 1주간의 토마토추출물의 식이와 피부도포를 통해 상당히 완화되거나 정상 피부에 가까운 0.7-1.0정도의 visual scoring이 확인되었다. 또한 광학현미경을 통해 건성의 또 다른 증후인 과각화 현상이 토마토추출물의 피부도포와 식이로 현저히 감소하는 것으로 확인되었다. 이러한 토마토추출물에 의한 건선성 증후의 완화는 피부 단백질 함량의 양적 변화를 유도하는 것으로 확인되어 토마토추출물의 건선성 피부의 예방과 개선에 주요한 기전으로 이해된다.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제65권6호
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• pp.433-440
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• 2021

계면활성제는 하나의 분자에 친수성 작용기와 소수성 부분이 동시에 존재하는 유기화합물로 수용액 상태에서 전하에 따라 비이온, 음이온, 양이온, 양쪽성 계면활성제로 분류된다. 1종 세척제(야채 및 과일 세척제)를 사용하여 야채나 과일을 세척할 때 극미량이 잔류하여 섭취를 통해 인체에 노출될 가능성이 있는 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구는 세척제를 사용한 야채, 과일의 세척 후 세척제 잔류량 분석을 위해 LC-MS/MS를 이용한 계면활성제 5종 동시분석법을 확립하였다. 이동상으로는 50 mM 암모늄 포메이트와 0.1% 폼산이 함유된 증류수와 아세토니트릴을 사용하였으며, XBridge BEH C8 컬럼을 이용하여 경사용매조성법으로 분석하였다. 확립된 분석법의 정확도는 83.9~112.1% 이었고, 정밀도는 20% 이하로 정밀한 값을 보였다. 검출한계는 7.0(SLS)~29.0(SLES-N3) ㎍/L이었고, 검량선 회귀식의 상관계수(r²)은 0.99 이상으로 우수한 직선성을 보여주어 야채 및 과일에 잔류하는 미량의 계면활성제 성분의 분석에 적합한 것으로 판단된다.