• Title/Summary/Keyword: detachment force

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An Experimental Study on the Performance of Liquid Spill Stopper to Prevent Flood through the Hull Punctures (선박파공으로 인한 선박침수 방지를 위한 파공봉쇄장치 성능의 실험적 연구)

  • Moon, Jung-Hwan;Kim, Jin-Kyeong;Kwon, Ki-Seng;Jung, Kyung-Tae;Yun, Jong-Huwi
    • Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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    • v.37 no.2
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    • pp.149-154
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    • 2013
  • This paper considers the issue of LSS(Liquid Spill Stopper)'s performance verification testing against external resisting force. The importance of the test is to ascertain the possibility of liquid spill stop quickly and efficiently by LSS. The method adopted in this research is the experimental device for puncture's inflow pressure and test the adhesive (magnetic) force on shell plates during the sailing. The major results of the paper are the followings : (a) The performance of LSS against 40 and 100mm diameter puncture was confirmed under 1.0bar. (b) LSS near bow detached first at 20.2 knots. This indicates that LSS can recover the damaged movability needed to naval warships' operation as well as merchant ships.

Ticks Collected from Selected Mammalian Hosts Surveyed in the Republic of Korea During 2008-2009

  • Kim, Heung-Chul;Han, Sang-Hoon;Chong, Sung-Tae;Klein, Terry A.;Choi, Chang-Yong;Nam, Hyun-Young;Chae, Hee-Young;Lee, Hang;Ko, Sung-Jin;Kang, Jun-Gu;Chae, Joon-Seok
    • Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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    • v.49 no.3
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    • pp.331-335
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    • 2011
  • A tick survey was conducted to determine the relative abundance and distribution of ticks associated with selected mammals in the Republic of Korea (ROK) during 2008-2009. A total of 918 ticks were collected from 76 mammals (6 families, 9 species) captured at 6 provinces and 3 Metropolitan Cities in ROK. Haemaphysalis longicornis (54.4%) was the most frequently collected tick, followed by Haemaphysalis flava (28.5%), Ixodes nipponensis (7.6%), Ixodes pomerantzevi (4.8%), Ixodes persulcatus (4.6%), and Haemaphysalis japonica (0.1%). Adults (57.0%) and nymphs (28.7%) of Ixodes and Haemaphysalis spp. were collected most frequently from medium or large mammals in this survey, while few larvae (14.3%) were collected. Hydropotes inermis was the most frequently captured mammal (52.6%), with a 16.4 tick index and 5 of 6 species of ticks collected during this survey. H. longicornis (69.7%) was the predominant tick collected from H. inermis, followed by H. flava (22.2%), I. persulcatus (6.1%), I. nipponensis (1.8%), and H. japonica (0.2%).

A Study on the Hand of the Fabrics Treated with Chitosan-polyurethane Mixture Solution -Thermal Curing of Cotton, Polyester, and Nylon Fabrics- (Chitosan-polyurethane 혼합 용액으로 처리된 직물의 태 연구 - 면, 폴리에스터, 나일론 직물의 열 Curing -)

  • Kwak Jung-Ki;Jeon Dong-Won;Kim Jong-Jun
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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    • v.29 no.7 s.144
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    • pp.997-1007
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    • 2005
  • The textile finishing methods utilizing chitosan have been mostly focused on the applications in the improvement of the dyeing of cotton fabrics, or the improvement of hand of the cotton or wool fabrics. On the other hand, it Is difficult to find the application examples in the synthetic fiber fabrics including polyester and nylon fabrics. The aim of this study is to improve the stiffness and the poor wash fastness of the fabrics treated only with chitosan. We tried to improve the softness by employing chitosan and polyurethane mixture solution and to prevent the detachment of the chitosan from the fabric. The treatment was applied to cotton, polyester, and nylon fabrics. The change of the properties of the treated fabrics were investigated. The optimum finishing condition was sought by changing the mixture ratio of the chitosan/PU(polyurethane) solutions. The adjusted ratios of the chitosan/PU solutions were 1 : 0, 1 : 0.25, 1 : 0.5, and 1 : 2 during the mixture solution preparation. Using the KES(Kawabata Evaluation System), the physical and mechanical properties of the finished fabric specimens were analyzed, and hand values of the specimens were calculated through the use of translational formulas. According to the chemical composition of the fibers, chitosan solution or chitosan/PU mixture exhibited wide range of coating effect. Since the chitosan acid solution has high polarity, the bonding force with the cotton fibers is high. By the appropriate addition of PU in the chitosan treatment of cotton, KOSHI and HARI values of the fabric improved. The air permeability of the chitosan/PU treated cotton fabric specimen improved, resulting in the highest value at the mixture of chitosan : PU=1:0.25.

In vitro and in vivo studies on theophylline mucoadhesive drug delivery system

  • Bandyopadhyay, AK;Perumal, P
    • Advances in Traditional Medicine
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    • v.7 no.1
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    • pp.51-64
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    • 2007
  • Mucus is an aqueous gel complex with a constitution of about 95% water, high molecular weight glycoprotein (mucin), lipid, salts etc. Mucus appears to represent a significant barrier to the absorption of some compounds. Natural mucoadhesive agent was isolated and purified from the aqueous extract of the seeds of prosopis pallida (PP). Formulated tablet with the isolated material by wet granulation method. Some natural edible substances are in consideration for candidates as mucoadhesive agents to claim more effective controlled drug delivery as an alternative to the currently used synthetic mucoadhesive polymers. Subjected the materials obtained from natural source i.e. PP and standard synthetic substance, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose for evaluation of mucoadhesive property by various in vitro and in vivo methods. Through standard dissolution test and a model developed with rabbit, evaluated in vitro controlled release and bioadhesive property of theophylline formulation. Mucoadhesive agent obtained from PP showed good mucoadhesive potential in the demonstrated in vitro and in viνo models. The results suggest that the mucoadhesive agent showed controlled release properties by their application, substantially. In order to assess the gastrointestinal transit time in vivo, a radio opaque X-ray study performed in healthy rabbit testing the same controlled release formulation with and without bioadhesive polymer. Plasma levels of theophylline determined by the HPLC method and those allowed correlations to the in vitro mucoadhesive study results. Better correlation found between the results in different models. PP may acts as a better natural mucoadhesive agent in the extended drug delivery system.

Geographical Distribution and Relative Abundance of Vectors of Scrub Typhus in the Republic of Korea

  • Lee, In-Yong;Kim, Heung-Chul;Lee, Young-Sun;Seo, Jang-Hoon;Lim, Jae-Won;Yong, Tae-Soon;Klein, Terry A.;Lee, Won-Ja
    • Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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    • v.47 no.4
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    • pp.381-386
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    • 2009
  • A survey to determine the geographical distribution and relative abundance of potential vectors of scrub typhus was conducted from October to November 2006 at 13 localities throughout the Republic of Korea. Apodemus agrarius accounted for 97.6% (80/82) of all rodents, while only 2 Myodes regulus (2/82) were collected. A total of 10,860 chiggers were collected from A. agrarius belonging to 4 genera and 8 species, while only Walehia fragilis (40) was collected from Myodes regulus. Leptotrombidium pallidum (8,137; 74.9%), a vector of scrub typhus, was the predominant species collected from A. agrarius followed by Leptotrombidium scutellare (2,057, 18.9%), Leptotrombidium palpale (279; 2.7%), Leptotrombidium orientale (232; 2.1%), and Leptotrombidium zetum (79; 0.7%), Neotrombicula tamiyai (58; 0.5%), Euschoengastica koreaensis (16; 0.1%), and Cheladonta ikaoensis (2; < 0.1 %). L. pallidum was the predominant chigger collected at collection sites in Gangwon (100%), Gyeonggi (87.2%), Chungnam (100%), Chungbuk (100%), Jeonbuk (73.9%), Jeonnam (77.0%), and Gyeongbuk (66.1%) provinces, whereas L. scutellare was the predominant chigger collected in Gyeongnam province (77.9%) and Jeju Island (62.3%). Data suggest a correlation between chigger population abundance and human cases of scrub typhus in Korea.

Geological Structures and Evolution of the Tertiary Chŏngja Basin, Southeastern Margin of the Korean Peninsula (울산군 강동면 제 3기 정자분지(亭子盆地)의 지질구조와 분지발달)

  • Son, Moon;Kim, In-Soo
    • Economic and Environmental Geology
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    • v.27 no.1
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    • pp.65-80
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    • 1994
  • The Tertiary $Ch{\check{o}}ngja$ basin is located in the southeastern coastal area of the Korean Peninsula. It is a lozenge shaped fault-bounded basin with circa $5{\times}5km$ areal extent, isolated from other Tertiary basins by the Cretaceous Ulsan Formation in-between. The northwestern boundary of the basin is a domino/listric type normal fault trending $N30^{\circ}E$, whereas its southwestern boundary is a dextral strike-slip fault (trending $N20^{\circ}W$) with a lateral offset of more than 1 km. The basin is bounded by the East Sea on the eastern margin. Basin-fills consist of extrusive volcanic rock (Tangsa Andesites) of Early Miocene (16~22 Ma in radiometric age), unconsolidated fluviatile conglomerate (Kangdong Formation) and shallow brackish-water sandstone ($Sinhy{\check{o}}n$ Formation). The latter yields abundant Vicarya-Anadara molluscan fossils of early Middle Miocene age. The Tertiary strata become younger toward the northwestern boundary-fault of the basin, showing a zonal distribution pattern parallel to the fault: the younger sedimentary formations occupy a narrow zone of 2 km width along the northwestern boundary-fault, whereas the older Tangsa Andesites underlie them unconformably in the eastern and southeastern portions of the basin. The strata in the basin, including the Tangsa Andesites, are tilted (about $20^{\circ}$) toward the northwestern boundary-fault Sedimentary strata thicken toward the boundary-fault, forming a wedge shaped half-graben structure. A number of small-scale syndepositional normal growth faults and graben structures are observed in the sedimentary strata. These extensional structures have the same trend as the normal northwestern boundary-fault which we interpret as a pull-apart detachment fault. These characteristics imply persistent extension during the basin evolution, caused by a NW-SE directed tensional force. The $Ch{\check{o}}ngja$ basin is, thus, a kind of syndepositional tectonic basin evolved in a strike-slip (pull-apart) regime. The latter was caused by a dextral simple shear associated with the NNW-SSE opening of the East Sea. In view of the fact that the normal growth faults do not cut through the uppermost portion of the youngest $Sinhy{\check{o}}n$ Formation, it is inferred that the tensional force came to be inactive in the early Middle Miocene. This is coincident in timing with the termination of the East Sea opening (15 Ma).

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Evaluation of Pepper Germplasm and Cultivar Introduction (고추 보존(保存) 유전자원(遺傳資源)의 특성평가(特性評價)와 품종도입(品種導入))

  • Lee, Woo Sung;Kim, Byung Soo;Kim, Sang Gee;Park, Kyu Hwan;Kwon, Young Seok
    • Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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    • v.8
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    • pp.35-44
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    • 1990
  • Sixty two lines of pepper including Korean local cultivars and introductions were planted out to the experiment farm of Kyungpook National University for seed increase, and 16 plant and fruit characters including days to flower were recorded. In days to flower, KC85(Chilgok Dongmyung) and KC116(PI308791), KC154(Cherry Sweet), and KC185(Choseongochu) were the earliest with 83 days, and KC139(Serrano chili) and KC103(PI297488) were the latest with 126 days. In fruit detachment force, KC85(Chilgok dongmyung) was the tenderest with 0.45kg and KC162(PI22444) was the toughest with 3.34kg. In powdery mildew incidence, KC10(Pimiento), KC23(PI224423), KC51(PI257044), KC56(PI257053), KC126(PI358812), KC119(PI322719), KC143(Emerald Giant), KC148(VR-2), KC163(PI224445), KC163(Papari Mild) were the least diseased. Anthracnose was least on KC39(Serrano Chili). Collection and introduction of pepper germplasm was continued. Fourteen Korean local cultivars and 25 foreign cultivars including 2 wild species were additionally collected or introduced.

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An Experimental Study on Resistance of rapid Freezing and Thawing of Chloride-inhibiting Low-Heat Cement (차염성 저발열시멘트의 급속동결융해 저항성에 관한 실험적 연구)

  • Sim, Jong-Sung;Park, Cheol-Woo;Park, Sung-Jae;Kang, Tae-Sung;Ju, Min-Kwan;Kim, Tae-Soo
    • Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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    • 2008.04a
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    • pp.589-592
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    • 2008
  • This study was conducted to assess the durability of Chloride-inhibiting Low-Heat Cement while being subjected to freezing-thawing during winter seasons. Although durability varies slightly depending on the conditions of the jobsite, frost damage to concrete resulting from repeated freezing and thawing over the course of seasonal changes is the leading cause behind lowered concrete durability. in addition, concrete that has been subjected to freezing and thawing during the winter season develops a significant amount of expansive force at the core and begins to exhibit signs of damage, such as cracking, peeling, and detachment from the aggregate. Therefore, this study fabricated test specimens using a Chloride-inhibiting Low-Heat Cement(CLC) and the widely used blast furnace slag cement(BFS) and Ordinary Portland Cement(OPC) with water-to-cement ratios of 35%, 40% and 45%, respectively, to assess the durability index of the CLC as per resistance to freezing-thawing. The specimens were then tested using the KS F 2456 method (Testing method for resistance of concrete to rapid freezing and thawing) to measure the dynamic modulus of elasticity. The dynamic modulus of elasticity measurements were then used to derive the durability indices. By comparing the durability indices, it was confirmed that CLC, BFS, and OPC all had superior durability.

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A Study on the Ambivalent Characteristic Displayed in Niki de Saint Phalle's Assemblages and Shooting Paintings by Looking Into Her Trauma (니키 드 생 팔의 트라우마를 통해 살펴본 아상블라주와 사격회화의 양면적 특성)

  • Yoo, Ka-Eun
    • The Journal of Art Theory & Practice
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    • no.6
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    • pp.77-99
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    • 2008
  • The purpose of this study is to show that the reason behind the ambivalent characteristic displayed in Niki de Saint Phalle's works is in her trauma and how such characteristic can be extracted from her works. During her creative years, Saint Phalle worked on various materials from different genres such as assemblages, shooting paintings, a series on Bride and Monster, 'Nana', 'Tarot Garden'and public sculptures. One commonality found among her various works is the ambivalent characteristic that contains contrasting elements simultaneously. Saint Phalle suffered a terrible psychological damage inflicted by her parents during her childhood. Specifically, she was sexually assaulted by her father and emotionally neglected by her mother, the trauma that affected her for the rest of her life. As a result, she came to develop extreme love- hate relationships with her parents and this became the main reason for the ambivalent characteristic displayed in her works. The love-hate relationship Saint Phalle developed can be identified through various researches done on the subject of the affect of sexual assault. It is common for incest victims to develop ambivalent feelings towards the perpetrator and Saint Phalle was no exception. Dissociation disorder and a snake well explain the trauma from her father. It is a generally accepted belief in the field of psychology that dissociation disorder commonly occurs to children who experience incest. And dissociation disorder is similar to the characteristic of ambivalence in the sense that a single entity contains more than two contrasting elements at the same time. In addition, the amputated doll objects used in her assemblages coincide with the expression of body detachment of people with dissociation disorder. These facts clearly indicate that the trauma from her father is showing through in her works. A snake is a subject matter that reflects the ambivalent tendency of Saint Phalle that resulted from her trauma. She remembers her father's rape as an image of a snake which is related to a phallic symbol in mythology or art reflecting her trauma. Moreover, she displays a similar pattern of ambivalent emotion like love and hate or fear towards a snake and her father. This is also confirmed by her portrayal of a snake as a monster or reversely as a creature with fundamental vitality in her works. The lack of affection from her mother can be explained by her mother's maternal deprivation. It appears that Saint Phalle's mother possessed all the causes for maternal deprivation such as maternal separation, personality disorder and inappropriate attitude towards child rearing. Especially, a study that shows mother's negative attitude towards child breeding tends to increase dissociation experience of children is another important evidence that supports Saint Phalle's dissociation tendency. These traces of Saint Phalle's trauma are clearly revealed in her assemblages and shooting paintings. The violent objects in her assemblages such as a hammer, razor, nail represent the rage and defensiveness towards her father. The objects such as fragments of broken plates of feminine patterns, pots and mirrors that her mother used symbolize the affection towards her mother. On the other hand, the destructed objects can be interpreted as her hate and resentment towards her mother. Shooting paintings contain her extreme fury and hate. Things such as acts of shooting and the image associated with blood after shooting are blunt expressions of her bursts of emotions. I have tried to define and classify the ambivalent characteristics shown in her assemblages and shooting paintings as hate, rage, violence, calm, love and pleasure according to the frame of Thanatos and Eros. Out of the six, hate, rage, violence and clam are associated with Thanatos while love and pleasure are associated with Eros and they correspondingly form an ambivalent structure. These ambivalent characteristics can be found in her assemblages and shooting paintings. The objects in her assemblages such as a razor, saw, hammer imply hate, rage, violence and the silence felt throughout her works represent calmness. And, as mentioned, the feminine objects can be seen as symbolizing love. In shooting paintings, hate, rage, violence can be found in the use of force and in the traces of watercolor after shooting, and a sense of pleasure in her feelings of catharsis after her shooting. Moreover, a shielded calmness can be found on the plywood all covered with plaster before the shooting. This study looked into the ambivalent characteristic of Saint Phalle's works by examining her trauma to find its correlation, and a meaning of this study can be found from the fact that it refocused the origin of Saint Phalle who is generally known as a feminist artist. Additionally, a meaning of the study can be found also from the fact that it examined the ambivalent characteristics of her works through a frame of Thanatos and Eros.

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The Geochemical and Zircon Trace Element Characteristics of A-type Granitoids in Boziguoer, Baicheng County, Xinjiang (중국 신장 위그루자치구 바이청현 보즈구얼의 A형화강암류의 지화학 및 지르콘 미량원소특징에 대한 연구)

  • Yin, Jingwu;Liu, Chunhua;Park, Jung Hyun;Shao, Xingkun;Yang, Haitao;Xu, Haiming;Wang, Jun
    • Economic and Environmental Geology
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    • v.46 no.2
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    • pp.179-198
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    • 2013
  • The Boziguoer A-type granitoids in Baicheng County, Xinjiang, belong to the northern margin of the Tarim platform as well as the neighboring EW-oriented alkaline intrusive rocks. The rocks comprise an aegirine or arfvedsonite quartz alkali feldspar syenite, an aegirine or arfvedsonite alkali feldspar granite, and a biotite alkali feldspar syenite. The major rock-forming minerals are albite, K-feldspar, quartz, arfvedsonite, aegirine, and siderophyllite. The accessory minerals are mainly zircon, pyrochlore, thorite, fluorite, monazite, bastnaesite, xenotime, and astrophyllite. The chemical composition of the alkaline granitoids show that $SiO_2$ varies from 64.55% to 72.29% with a mean value of 67.32%, $Na_2O+K_2O$ is high (9.85~11.87%) with a mean of 11.14%, $K_2O$ is 2.39%~5.47% (mean = 4.73%), the $K_2O/Na_2O$ ratios are 0.31~0.96, $Al_2O_3$ ranges from 12.58% to 15.44%, and total $FeO^T$ is between 2.35% and 5.65%. CaO, MgO, MnO, and $TiO_2$ are low. The REE content is high and the total ${\sum}REE$ is $(263{\sim}1219){\times}10^{-6}$ (mean = $776{\times}10^{-6}$), showing LREE enrichment HREE depletion with strong negative Eu anomalies. In addition, the chondrite-normalized REE patterns of the alkaline granitoids belong to the "seagull" pattern of the right-type. The Zr content is $(113{\sim}1246){\times}10^{-6}$ (mean = $594{\times}10^{-6}$), Zr+Nb+Ce+Y is between $(478{\sim}2203){\times}10^{-6}$ with a mean of $1362{\times}10^{-6}$. Furthermore, the alkaline granitoids have high HFSE (Ga, Nb, Ta, Zr, and Hf) content and low LILE (Ba, K, and Sr) content. The Nb/Ta ratio varies from 7.23 to 32.59 (mean = 16.59) and the Zr/Hf ratio is 16.69~58.04 (mean = 36.80). The zircons are depleted in LREE and enriched in HREE. The chondrite-normalized REE patterns of the zircons are of the "seagull" pattern of the left-inclined type with strong negative Eu anomaly and without a Ce anomaly. The Boziguoer A-type granitoids share similar features with A1-type granites. The average temperature of the granitic magma was estimated at $832{\sim}839^{\circ}C$. The Boziguoer A-type granitoids show crust-mantle mixing and may have formed in an anorogenic intraplate tectonic setting under high-temperature, anhydrous, and low oxygen fugacity conditions.