• 대한용접접합학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한용접접합학회 2002년도 Proceedings of the International Welding/Joining Conference-Korea
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• pp.250-254
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• 2002

Intergranular corrosion of austenitic stainless steels is a conventional and momentous problem during welding and high temperature use. One of the major reasons for such intergranular corrosion is so-called sensitization, i.e., chromium depletion due to chromium carbide precipitation at grain boundaries. Conventional methods for preventing sensitization of austenitic stainless steels include reduction of carbon content in the material, stabilization of carbon atoms as non-chromium carbides by the addition of titanium, niobium or zirconium, local solution-heat-treatment by laser beam, etc. These methods, however, are not without drawbacks. Recent grain boundary structure studies have demonstrated that grain boundary phenomena strongly depend on the crystallographic nature and atomic structure of the grain boundary, and that grain boundaries with coincidence site lattices are immune to intergranular corrosion. The concept of "grain boundary design and control", which involves a desirable grain boundary character distribution, has been developed as grain boundary engineering. The feasibility of grain boundary engineering has been demonstrated mainly by thermomechanical treatments. In the present study, a thermomechanical treatment was tried to improve the resistance to the sensitization by grain boundary engineering. A type 304 austenitic stainless steel was pre-strained and heat-treated, and then sensitized, varying the parameters (pre-strain, temperature, time, etc.) during the thermomechanical treatment. The grain boundary character distribution was examined by orientation imaging microscopy. The intergranular corrosion resistance was evaluated by electrochemical potentiokinetic reactivation and ferric sulfate-sulfuric acid tests. The sensitivity to intergranular corrosion was reduced by the thermomechanical treatment and indicated a minimum at a small roll-reduction. The frequency of coincidence-site-lattice boundaries indicated a maximum at a small strain. The ferric sulfate-sulfuric acid test showed much smaller corrosion rate in the thermomechanically-treated specimen than in the base material. An excellent intergranular corrosion resistance was obtained by a small strain annealing at a relatively low temperature for long time. The optimum parameters created a uniform distribution of a high frequency of coincidence site lattice boundaries in the specimen where corrosive random boundaries were isolated. The results suggest that the thermomechanical treatment can introduce low energy segments in the grain boundary network by annealing twins and can arrest the percolation of intergranular corrosion from the surface.

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.281-286
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• 2023

우리는 부산광역시에 소재한 대학교의 유아교육과에 재학 중인 예비유아교사 297명을 대상으로 교직윤리와 공감능력이 아동권리인식에 미치는 영향이 어떠한 지를 알아보고자 하였다. 이를 통해 질 높은 유아교사 양성기관의 인성 함양 프로그램 개발을 위한 기초자료를 제시하는데 연구 목적이 있다. 우리는 다음과 같은 연구결과를 도출하였다. 첫째, 예비유아교사의 교직윤리와 공감능력 및 아동권리인식의 인식 정도를 살펴본 결과 교직윤리, 아동권리인식, 공감능력 순으로 평균값이 높게 나타났다. 둘째, 예비유아교사의 공감능력, 교직윤리와 아동권리인식, 공감능력과 아동권리인식 간에는 정적인 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 예비유아교사의 교직윤리와 공감능력이 아동권리인식에 미치는 상대적 영향을 살펴본 결과 교직윤리 중 사회윤리가 가장 강력한 예측변인으로 나타났다. 우리는 본 연구에서 예비유아교사의 아동권리인식 증진을 위한 다양한 접근방법에서 교직윤리와 공감능력이 효과적임을 규명하였다. 그리고 우리의 연구는 예비유아교사가 지녀야 할 바람직한 교사의 인성 함양을 위한 교육적 기초자료를 제공했다는 점에서 그 의의가 있다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제16권12호
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• pp.8416-8423
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• 2015

본 연구는 대학생들의 집단창의성에 있어서 성별에 따른 차이가 있는지 살펴보고 또한 창의적 환경과 집단창의성간의 상관에 때하여 알아보고자 실시되었다. 창의적 환경은 창의적 가정환경과 교실환경으로 구분되며 학생들의 그룹수업 경험에 따른 차이도 살펴보았다. 317명의 대학생을 대상으로 창의적 교실환경검사와 창의적 가정환경 검사가 각각 실시되었으며 창의성을 알아보기 위하여 소집단으로 구성한 뒤 에세이 작성을 실시한 후 전문가에 의해 채점되었다. 수집된 자료를 SPSS 21.0 프로그램에 의해 통계분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 남학생과 여학생들의 집단창의성 점수는 의미있게 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 여학생들의 집단창의성과 환경과의 상관은 남학생들의 상관과는 다른 양상을 나타내었다. 마지막으로 연구의 시사점과 후속연구에 대한 제안점이 언급되었다.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.159-164
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• 1990

To detect and quantitation residual antibiotics and antibacterial agents in meats, we performed a biological assay employing the three microorganisms Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, Micrococcus luteus ATCC 9341, and Bacillus cereus var. mycoides ATCC 11778 for the screening purpose and developed a Gas Chromatography-mass Spectrometry(GC/MS) analysis for the confirmation and quantiation. In the biological assay (paper disk method), three test solution are used depending on the character of the residual antibiotics and antibacterial agents, follow by a simple clean up procedure which includes homogenization with Mcilvaine buffer, defatting with includes homogenization with Mcilvaine buffer, defatting with hexane, extraction with chloroform, clean-up by Sep-Pak $C_{18}$ and Bakerbond SPE carboxylic acid column. The chloroform layer is used for the analysis of sulfa agents. macrolides antibiotics and antibacterial agents, Adsorbed materials in the Sep-Pak $C_{18}$ were also employed for th analysis of penicillins and tetracyclines. Effluents from the Sep-Pak $C_{18}$ were cleaned-up one more by Bakerbond 10 SPE COOH column and employed for the analysis of aminoglycosides. In the instrumental analysis by using the GC/MSD, residual antibiotics and antibacterial agent were quantitated by selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode after derivatization. A simultaneous analysis of six residual antibiotic and antibacterial agent such as oxytetracycline, penicillin, ampicillin, choliraphenicol and thiamphenicol was developed with simple cleanup procedures revealing good recovery and reproducibility. Also, simultaneous detection of macrolides antibiotics such as erythromycin, spiramycin, and oleandomycin was developed after acid hydrolysis due to their large molecular structures. Because of the high reproducibility and selectivity of these two methods, it is very desirable that the combination of the two methods be used in the bioassay for the screening of residual antibiotics and antibacterial agent and that GC/MSD analysis be used for the confirmation and quantitation.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.157-166
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• 2006

Recently, it appears several counterproposals about desirable figures of urban architecture. All of them proposes 'publicity' with cohernt tendency. The reason why it concentrates quantitative expansion of city without united design by urban plannar is that neglect quality values of city. As a solution of poor environment, there cue out the various efforts, about problem of each building, problem of city space, problem of laws and so forth. The reason why necessity of public space was embossed in that architecture extend the activity of citizen and make up the city space. But, each building pursues the private interest, so it is difficult to secure a public space with a high hand. Thus, architecture law has been revised in 1991 and bring the system of open space to match up the publicity and the private interest. Actually, western country brought it and obtained excellent results. While quantity of open space have increased since 1991, a lot of problems revealed in real usage and quality. By means of problem's solution, this study focus on the diversion of recognition for necessity of various open space. In result, on the occasion of approach and openess, except for several building, most glass a facade and the pedestrian can approach easily. Moreover, office buildings near the subway station connected with their low floor. So, the office buildings give openess to pedestrian and a people can approach easily to the buildings. On the occasion of amenity, most have bank and lobby on the first floor and have facilities on the underground floor. It leave open. But the reason why they have bank and lobby is that the space is dry and boring(without elements of nature and rest space). Hence, to make a space full of vitality, it have to plan various design elements and facilities. First of all, plan of indoor public space have to make up facility for the public interest. This study is basic investigation for necessity of indoor public space and through the survey of office buildings, it analyze the character of plan and find out the method of publicity's realization.

• 한국도서관정보학회지
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.71-88
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• 2015

러닝코먼스는 정보코먼스의 기반에서 도서관의 사명 달성을 위한 실천을 전제하고 있다이. 이는 도서관의 미래에 대한 비전을 확장시킬 수 있는 개념이다. 러닝코먼스의 핵심 콘텐츠의 하나가 독서교육 서비스이다. 이를 위해서는 도서관 현장에서 독서지도를 지원하는 독서지도사 양성이 중요하다. 이러한 배경에서 본 연구는 일본의 도서관에 있어서 독서교육 서비스 진작의 사례로서 독서관련 지도사 양성과정 사례를 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 첫째, 일본의 도서관은 독서교육 여건을 개선시키기 위해 독서교육을 위한 독서지도사를 양성함으로서 독서교육 서비스의 질을 개선하고 프로그램 이용도를 높여가고 있다. 둘째, 일본 도서관은 독서지도라는 사회적 필요를 도서관, 지방자치단체, 주민들이 협력하여 독서지도사 양성을 통해 해결해가고 있다. 이러한 사례는 한국에서도 도서관내 독서교육 서비스의 중요성을 인식하고, 프로그램을 적극적으로 담당하고 독서를 지도할 수 있는 인력 양성제도가 활성화 될 필요가 있음을 시사한다.

• 한국안광학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.181-189
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• 2016

목적: 대안의 창출을 통한 안경원 브랜드 네이밍 연구로 효과적인 안경원 브랜드 네이밍 과정 이해에 목적이 있다. 방법: 안경원의 특성 추출, 타깃 확인, 네이밍 방향 설정, 네이밍 개발 등의 브랜드 네이밍 과정을 살펴보았다. 단어결합, 상징물, 문장 만들기, 단어일부 결합 등 대안의 창출 유형들에 대한 특성을 알아보고 유형에 따른 브랜드 네임 사례를 조사 하였다. 결과: 대안의 창출은 브랜드 네이밍 과정의 한 단계로, 풍부한 대안의 창출을 바탕으로 정제되고 다듬어진 브랜드 네임으로 발전되고 개발되어져야 한다. 대안의 창출로 만들어지고 적용된 안경원 브랜드 네임의 사례를 제시하였다. 결론: 브랜드 네이밍에서 대안의 창출은 컨셉에 부합하고 브랜드 연상과 언어군 탐색에서 효과적인 방법으로, 과정의 체계성과 선택의 객관성을 가진다. 안경원에 대한 바람직한 연상과 차별성을 가진 개성 있고 강력한 브랜드 네임을 위해서는 대안의 창출 작업을 통한 체계적인 브랜드 네이밍 작업이 필요하다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.65-81
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• 2013

Urban sprawl has been the limits of traffic accommodate and the supply road. Thus, Light Rail Transit(LRT) has been proposed as the best alternative. Owing to landscape damage from construction of LRT, landscape planning should be considered seriously in the urban planning step. This paper therefore seeks to determine landscape improvement direction of LRT pier. First, the methods in this study shared landscape improvement direction type of LRT pier through previous studies such as planting of surface(30%, 60%, 90% planting of surface), graphic(character, commercial advertising, symbol), and surface treatment type(exposed concrete, white painting, pattern dies). Next, respondent evaluated 3D simulated landscape image accordingly shared types by preference and landscape adjectives using in streetscape evaluation. As a result, visual preference was the highest in planting type of surface and the lowest in the surface treatment type. Covering 60%(4.48) in planting type of surface was the highest. Because it is similar to the golden ratio considering the visual principle, we will need to take advantage through the result of this paper. Also, most landscape improvement direction which satisfied with significant level showed a positive effect from landscape improvement. Comprehensively based on these results, it suggests desirable landscape improvement direction of LRT pier in the city for solution of landscape inhibition problem.

• 한국학교ㆍ지역보건교육학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.69-83
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• 2009

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to analyze sexual permissiveness in order to solve the problems it creates for setting up desirable sexual culture. Methods: This study used Walker and Avant's methods for concept analysis. Results: Sexual permissiveness is the favorable attitude that is agreed upon and accepted as physiological, socio-cultural, and moral sexuality of an independent human who was born in man or woman. The property of sexual permissiveness that is accepted overall the humans are sex generously, change over the course of growth. sex consciousness, and attitudes toward sexual activity change based on race, age and religion etc. The values and beliefs of individuals that were formed in social and cultural background are bipolar. It is mutually agreed upon and accepted that volunarary activities should be spontaneous. The antecedents of sexual permissiveness included achievement of sexual development, establishment of the relationship, and mutual agreement between them. The consequences included mature relationship with others, meeting sexual needs, and raising sexual problems. Conclusions: These results suggest further studies are required that refine the diverse attributes of the concept of sexual permissiveness. The sexual education and enlightenment should be conducted at the period of secondary sex character.

• 대한추나의학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.93-109
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• 2001

Objectives : The aim of present study is to estimate clinical outcome of Chuna treatment and Chuna medicine treatment for patients with H.I.V.D(Herniated Intervertebral Disc) of lumbar spine according to the character of patients and the steps of Chuna therapy, and therefore suggest a prospective, desirable Chuna treatment and patient guidance. Methods : We investigated the 258 cases of outpatients who were diagnosed as the H.I.V.D. on lumbar C.T. or MRI and were treated more than seven times with chuna treatment and more than one time with Chuna medicine treatment In Jaseng Oriental Medicine Hospital from September 1, 1999 to December 31, 2000. We evaluated the subjective symptoms by Hudgin's classification. For the sake of the more objective evaluation for before and after treatment, we calculated the Improvement index and ratio of the four parts to estimate the pain and functional disorder In before and after treatment by Macnab's criteria. Results & Conclusion : The improvement index and ratio showed that the conservative therapy with Chuna therapy improved the symptom of H.I.V.D. much effectively, and especially in the patient groups of male, 30-39 years, standing Job, duration of symptom within one week, the 4th step of chuna treatment, the first step of chuna medicine treatment, and the excellent satisfactory assessment of Chuna treatment. Therefore, it is supposed that the conservative therapy with Chuna therapy and patient guidance should be much actively continued.