• Journal of the Korean Institute of Educational Facilities
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.15-25
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• 2015

The Olin Library in St. Louis was an important design competition for the United States in the 1950's, the rear of America's modern architecture. The participants of this competition were a variety of representative architects and groups of its time. With the library's functional rationality, the Olin Library competition was legible of the aspects of modern architectural flow. The competition required two demands. The first demand was absolute importance in character definition of place, which was to satisfy the site conditions approached from campus design. Secondly was related to interpretation of morphological symbolism in an architectural matter. The experiments of American modern architecture started to change its ideal goal gradually ; accommodating the altering public's code, at the same time, maintaining the original modern value was the reason to changing the ideal goal. As a turning point, the Olin Library should be understood as an important work, which divulged the value change of architectural interpretation.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Educational Facilities
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.13-24
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to understand the required concept in the architectural competition for public library and its application in design process. The research is based on the 27 design guideline of architectural competition for public library from 2009 to 2013 and, as a case study, the project for the Chungcheongnam-do Provincial Library, the prize winner in 2014. Three required concepts; symbolism, function, and sustainability, are categorized through the analysis on the design guideline of 27 competitions and are identified. Symbolism is expressed by landmark forms based on the local characteristics. The function of public library means to provide services to everyone, regardless of age, race, gender, religion etc., as a local community. Sustainability is related to passive architecture for the maintenance and management of buildings. These three concepts for public library applied on the design process of Chungcheongnam-do Provincial Library and design elements in each process are categorized in three concepts. The results shows not only how closely the locality and a user are related, but also the changes in the appearance of a public library as time passed.

• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.47-58
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• 2001

As one designs a building, one should have to consider its characters and functions according to its own use. Recently many professional buildings used to be designed by specialized design firms with their own experience and specialty to vitalize the functions of the buildings. Especially the design of the hospital is really needed more concern from the beginning of design ordering because it is pursuing the most specialty in architectural designs and therefore it can not be managed with general architects. The purpose of this study is to present the references for resonable promotions of hospital design in the future with the analysis of the suitability in hospital design ordering and the process after design competition in Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.21-33
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• 2005

This study aims to find out actual conditions of environmental-friendly design on outdoor space of housing estate, and then to propose the direction of environmental-friendly design in order to construct the adequate environmental-friendly housing estates. First of all, this study investigated the environmental-friendly design elements on outdoor space of housing estates through literature survey and selected 9 major elements based on the result of the investigation. And then 15 KNHC housing estates were analyzed to find out design actualities of environmental-friendly elements. Major results of this study are as follows. 1) The environmental-friendly design elements were highly adopted in outdoor space of housing estates. The adoption rate of environmental-friendly design elements is 81.0% in average. But, 5 major elements were passively adopted out of 9. 2) According to the comparative analysis of KNHC housing estates, The adoption rate of environmental-friendly design elements was similar in metropolitan housing estates and non-metropolitan housing estates. But, the adoption level of environmental-friendly design element in metropolitan housing estates was higher than one in non-metropolitan. It shows that metropolitan housing estates are more activly adopted in 6 major elements. 3) According to the comparative analysis of design method of KNHC housing estates, The adoption rate and the adoption level of environmental-friendly design elements by turn-key design method and competition design method were higher than by general design. It shows that the housing estates designed by turn-key and competition design method are more activly adopted in 7 major elements.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.111-120
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to extract the sustainable characteristics of skyscraper housing design. Method: The method of the study was literature survey and content analysis techniques, and the target cases were 8 skyscraper housing design projects awarded from eVolo Skyscraper international competition. The sustainable features for analysis were categorized into social, cultural, economical and ecological sustainability and total 26 elements. Result: As a result, important elements were extracted, and profiles of elements in the projects were delineated, out of 26 design elements: 'Aesthetics', 'Climate Change', 'Resource Using Efficiency', 'Technical Innovation', 'local Employment' were shown dominant. While 8 projects showed the whole range of 26 elements, even though the project what by now is still an important problem for skyscraper, the result gives an insight into future sustainable skyscraper housing design.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.875-887
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• 2015

The analysis in this work is about costumes among the rhythmic gymnasts in competition, which is intended to develop designs about rhythmic gymnastics costume and provide the basic material from the results. In its research method and range, the general information on rhythmic gymnastics was reviewed in literature and the case analysis was followed about costumes of world high rankers in competition during 2012~2015 seasons. Research showed the following results. First, leotard took a shape of skirt-added one-piece type, where a combination with long tight sleeve, round neck line, and stand-up collar had a relatively higher percentage in design. With regard to a bottom line of skirt, an amorphous type was most common that highlights rhythmical beauty without any particular form. This design exposed shoulders and waists on both sides, expressing the feminine beauty. Second, in color used mainly, white appeared most frequently. In its combination, more than three were employed. Third, transparent mesh was applied as basic, where lace and chiffon were used. Abstract pattern took the highest portion in pattern. Particularly, crystal bead or gradation coloring was used to maximize the visually splendid image, giving an effect of optical illusion as if neckless clothing, choker, bracelet, or glove were worn. Fourth, it appeared that the costume for each event was changed in every season, when only music was substituted but the same earlier costume was put on for the different event.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Design Studies Conference
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• 1998.04a
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• pp.78-79
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• 1998

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.33 no.4 s.111
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• pp.143-154
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• 2005

The Seoul Housing Corporation pronounced a design competition for Eunpyeng New Town District 2 in March of 2005. The authors collaborated on this design and won rot prize. Design guidelines of this competition were to make environmentally sustainable design, to develop as a resort site and cultural place for everyday life of residents, to link with green fabric of the district, and to elevate positive image and identity of Eunpyeng New Town district by creating a attractive landscape. The authors developed design concept and strategy within the guidelines and site conditions. The environmental setting of this site was characterized by mountain to the rear of the site with a stream passing through the district and the front of the site. This is the most important condition for the location principle of residence in Fung Shui theory. Therefore, the schema of the design was introduced by Fung Shui and Chi of place. To evolve design concept, we reinterpret the Fung Shui and Chi in the site combining with modem landscape design strategy, so that good place making could bring about well-being life of residents. By doing that, design concept of the proposal evolved as follows: 'fullness of comfortable life', 'adaptation of nature', 'inspiration of natural force'. This design approach is critical reevaluation of regional characters employing modem strategy. It is a conscious strategy of critical regionalism as distinguished from the traditional site oriented approach. The following are some of the major features in the design: green network and water recycle system in the site, promenade of forest with the experience nature, link to community core, theme gardens with plants having strong fragrances, terrace gardens with different level of housing type, playgrounds and resting places with many types, human scale facilities for residents.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.39-48
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• 2003

The Office of Korean National Railroads announced a design competition for Kwangyang Station and sought design proposals in October of 2002. The authors collaborated on a landscape design for Kwangyang Station and earned first prize in the competition. The Office decided to construct outdoor public spaces of Kwangyang Station for railroad users, visitors and staff, and local residents. The landscape design covers the following: site inventory and analysis; integration of design program and site analysis; evaluation of design concept; selecting a winning design alternative; schematic design including circulation form and spatial form; and design development including subarea design. In the design process, the authors focused on the integration and interpretation of site conditions as related to the Kwangyang Station building. They also collectively analyzed and considered the physical development of the outdoor spaces of Kwangyang Station. The following are some of the major areas in the design of the outdoor spaces of Kwangyang Station: 1) a plaza for waiting, 2) an entry area for passengers, 3) a train cafeteria, 4) a cultural plaza, 5) an image wall, and 6) a symbolic pond. The plaza for waiting is created as a place for users to wait and rest. The entry area for passengers provides an area for pedestrians approaching, passing and strolling. The train cafeteria features trains, lawns, grasses and trees. The cultural plaza is a main area representing the regional characteristics of Kwangyang. This plaza also provides an area for various public events. The image wall is meant to be an exhibition space for displaying the advancements of Korean National Railroads in sculptural image forms. The symbolic pond consists of an area with symbolic water features and several sculptures with artistic value. In the authors' design, the outdoor spaces of Kwangyang station are created as a new type of public realm with function, regional quality, original identity, cultural context, symbolic meaning and images, and beauty. The designed spaces would be one of the most representative places of interest and attraction in Kwangyang.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.33-39
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• 2019

Purpose - This paper examines whether product market competition in distribution and service industries is related to audit quality. This paper investigates, specifically, the relationship in distribution and service industries by using Herfindahl-Hirschman Index and audit quality measured by audit fee and audit hour. Research design, data, and methodology - Using 1,011 firm-year observations of listed companies from 2002 to 2016 in distribution and service industries, this study examines whether product market competition in distribution and service industries is related to audit quality. Results - This study finds that market competition in distribution and service industries is negatively related to audit quality and this negative relation is pronounced for the firms with high outside director groups. Further analysis suggests that the relationship between market competition and audit hours is no longer significant. Conclusions - This study extended the existing scope of the audit quality study by systematically analyzing the impact of industrial-level characteristics (i.e. market competition) in the distribution service industries on audit quality. This study, in other words, suggests the regulatory body consider the industrial-level characteristics of each industry in order to enhance audit quality.