• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.745-753
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• 2019

Recently, with the development of long-range / high-altitude guided weapon system for defense against ballistic missile, test range and firing altitude for guided weapons are increasing. Due to the increase in the test range and the intercepting altitude, it is expected to increase the range of safety area required for the firing test. Comparing to the foreign countries which have many desert or non-residence, in the domestic circumstances where the population is concentrated and distributed, it is more important to predict the falling area and to set the safety area for safely carry out the long-range / high-altitude intercept test. In this paper, we consider the following three points. The first is the booster fall trajectory modeling, the second is the shroud fall trajectory modeling, and finally, the debris dispersion modeling for the missile intercept. Especially, the AUTODYN model was used to predict debris falling area which produced in the high-speed guided missile intercepting test.

• Journal of KIISE:Information Networking
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.403-408
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• 2010

The sensor nodes can be installed in the environment in which the temperature change is considerable, such as desert, urban, and data center. Particularly, because the output power becomes less than the targeted power if a temperature is increasing, link quality is degraded and packet losses are occurred. In order to compensate the temperature changes, existing schemes detect the change of the link quality between nodes and control transmission power through a series of feedback process. However, these approaches can cause heavy overhead by additional control packets. In this paper, we propose the T2PC(Temperature-aware Transmission Power Control) to keep up the link quality despite temperature variation. At each node, T2PC compensates the attenuated link quality by controlling the transmission power based on the local temperature measurement. In addition, the packet reception ratio can be improved with less control packets than ones required in existing transmission power control methods based on the feedback control.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.223-231
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• 2003

With the negative influences and damage from Asian dust increasing, it's getting important to investigate the climate and soil condition of the source region of Asian dust. There is a high possibility that the desertification and the drastic decrease of plants in China and Mongolia make worse the situation (bad effects of Asian Dust). To detect the movement of Asian dust caused by air circulation, we need to watch the state of the source region to get useful information for the prevention of the dust pollution, and to predict what part of China will become the source region. Therefore, using TOMS aerosol index data, NCEP reanalysis data that is Remote Sensing data from 1981 to 2000 (except 1993~1996, 4 years), for 16 years, examined the relation between the dust occurrence and weather elements. Dust occurrence appeared much in spring season from March to May in study areas. It had a dry climate during that season as follows : relative humidity about 20~40%, temperature about -5~5$^{\circ}C$, precipitation about 33-180 mm, wind speed about 4-10 ms-1. Dust occurrence and weather element annual change in study areas decreased gradually till 1990, but in Gobi desert the incidence of dust occurrence increased since 1997. As a result, found out that the more the precipitation, the less dust occurrence, because the precipitation and surface wind speed had a direct influence on the soil of the source region of dust.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.171-179
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• 2017

Ten species of vascular plants newly recorded in Uzbekistan are presented. The first record of Anthemis ruthenica from the northern side of the Alay range is confirmed, and the species was found for the second time in a neighborhood of Tashkent as an alien. Carduus arabicus as a native plant in Central Asia is recorded for the first time from Western Pamir-Alay. Chondrilla brevirostris, C. macrocarpa, and C. phaeocephala are from the desert and adyrs zones. Crinitaria tatarica and Crepis mira collected from Western Tien-Shan are presented, Olgaea baldschuanica first recorded on the Babatag range of mountains as a subendemic species and Erigeron andryaloides from the Hissar range are reported here as among the flora of Uzbekistan. The former Centaurea apiculata Ledeb. was accepted as a synonym of C. scabiosa L. subsp. apiculata. All records were collected in different habitats of Uzbekistan. Taxonomic remarks, pictures and distribution maps for these species are provided.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.151-156
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• 2011

Seeds of Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge were collected from two plantations and two superior trees in Inner Mongolia: and one plantation and one superior tree in Liaoning, China in late August, 2011. Yellowhorn or goldenhorn is an important tree species, from the aspects of source of edible oil and biodiesel and pioneering capacity of degraded and desert land. Characteristics investigated were seed length, width, and weight: weight and volume of 1,000 seeds: and weight and volume of one-liter seeds. The seeds of Qingsonglingxiang No. 1, growing alone in an open space, showed the highest values in seed length (16.08 mm), width (14.48 mm) and weight (1.40 g), while those of Tree No. 160 in Ar Khorqin Banner were the lowest ones: that is, 11.48mm for length, 11.81 mm for width, and 0.73 g for weight, respectively. Traits of seeds varied quite much between trees and among areas; for example, Tree No. 38 and No. 160 produced quite different seeds in several traits, although they are adjacent to each other in the same farm. Weight of 1,000 seeds varied from 718.0 g to 1,010.1 g and volume from 0.76 L to 1.52 L. Weight of one-liter seeds were 522.3 g to 688.2 g, while the number of seeds were 603 to 935. Seeds which were soaked in the water at $4^{\circ}C$ for 2 days showed the highest germination rate (89%) in a 30-day test, which was about 10% to 40% higher than those of non-treatment and dipping treatment at $36^{\circ}C$ followed by keeping under room temperature for 2 days. 81% of seeds in the wet sand at room temperature germinated, while 23% of seeds deprived of seed coat germinated. It is necessary to understand seed traits to select superior clones or provenances for the increased, unfluctuating production of seed.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.281-289
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• 2020

The study was conducted to observe the effects of compost of faecal sludge (FSC) and food waste (FWC) on seed germination and initial growth performance of Acacia auriculiformis and Swietenia mahagoni seedlings at the nursery of Chittagong University, Bangladesh. Before sowing the seeds, different combinations of FSC and FWC were incorporated with nutrient-deficient natural forest soils. Seed germination and growth parameters of seedlings were recorded after two, three and four month of seed sowing. We observed that seed germination (%) and seedlings growth parameters varied significantly (p<0.05) in the soil added with FSC and FWC in comparison to control. The highest germination was observed 88.89% for A. auriculiformis in combination of soil and FSC at 3:1 and 92.59% for S. mahagoni where soil combined with FWC at 4:1. The seedling biomass and other growth parameters of A. auriculiformis and S. mahagoni was also observed with combinations of soil with FSC 3:1 and soil with FWC 4:1. Therefore, the study revealed that the compost of both FS and FW can be a good soil conditioner for the initial growth of forest seedlings and the proven combinations can help to grow quality seedlings in the nursery.

• English & American cultural studies
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.1-29
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• 2018

Nadine Gordimer's The Pickup, published in 2001, well shows how the social issues have been changed in a way to reflect the South African society which is more complicated in the post-apartheid era. Examining the two different geographical territories between Johannesburg, South Africa and an unnamed nation in Middle East, putting aside the domestic racism between white and black, she extends her issue of racial other to global one with new rising issue of immigration in South African society. It seems that Gordimer's such issue is well represented by two main characters: Julie Summers who comes from a wealthy family and falls in love with Abdu, an illegal immigrant who was born from a poor country in Middle East and is now working at a garage in a downtown of Johannesburg with hiding his real name Ibrahim ibn Musa. Having an official relationship with Ibrahim and joining the regular meeting at the El-Ay (L.A.) Cafe where all participants can enjoy the freedom of expression/speech except for Abdu, she begins to have interest in his silence and his presence, orientalized as the Arab Prince for her imagination. Arriving at Abdu 's nation later, she also keeps projecting the 'less civilized' images to his nation where there are only desert, uneducated people, and dirty houses and streets. In doing so, Gordimer leads reader to a never-ending issue of Orientalism in the Western literature. Moreover, the writer attempts to create a female-centered community at the male-centered Islam community by marginalizing the presence of Abdu who finally leaves to America alone. As Julie is successfully acculturated to the unknown Abdu's community, she begins to place herself at the center of the community and plays a role as a mediator/communicator who can change/civilize it with her western knowledge of language and culture. By replacing the male-centered with the female-centered through Julie, Gordimer seems to be creating an idealized community with the notion of matriarchy. However, Gordimer places Abdu as an unstable subject who has to endlessly move back and forth for his undetermined national and cultural identity while Julie achieves the determined identity in both nations.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.489-498
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• 2021

Objective: Milk production is one of the most desirable traits in livestock. Recently, the toll-like receptor (TLR) has been identified as a candidate gene for milk traits in cows. So far, there is no information concerning the contribution of this gene in milk traits in sheep. This study was designed to investigate the TLR 4 gene polymorphisms in Barki ewes in Egypt and then correlate that with milk traits in order to identify potential single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for these traits in sheep. Methods: A part of the ovine TLR 4 gene was amplified in Barki ewes, to identify the SNPs. Consequently; Barki ewes were genotyped using polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism protocol. These genotypes were correlated with milk traits, which were the daily milk yield (DMY), protein percentage (PP), fat percentage (FP), lactose percentage, and total solid percentage (TSP). Results: Age and parity of the ewe had a significant effect (p<0.05 or p<0.01) on DMY, FP, and TSP. The direct sequencing identified a missense mutation located in the coding sequence of the gene (rs592076818; c.1710C>A) and was predicted to change the amino acid sequence of the resulted protein (p.Asn570Lys). The association analyses suggested a significant effect (p<0.05) of the TLR genotype on the FP and PP, while the DMY tended to be influenced as well (p = 0.07). Interestingly, the presence of the G allele tended to increase the DMY (+40.5 g/d) and significantly (p<0.05 or p<0.01) decreased the FP (-1.11%), PP (-1.21%), and TSP (-7.98%). Conclusion: The results of this study suggested the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) as a candidate gene to improve milk traits in sheep worldwide, which will enhance the ability to understand the genetic architecture of genes underlying SNPs that affect such traits.

• Korean Journal of Mineralogy and Petrology
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.397-407
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• 2022

Mineralogical analysis of the bedrock of the Gobi Desert in southern Mongolia, the source of Asian dust, was conducted to trace the geological origin of the constituent minerals of Asian dust. The bedrock of the source of Asian dust consists of Paleozoic volcanics and volcaniclastic sedimentary rocks, Paleozoic granitic rocks, and Mesozoic sedimentary rocks. Paleozoic volcanics and volcaniclastic sediments lithified compactly, underwent greenschist metamorphism, and deformed to form mountain ranges. Mesozoic sedimentary rocks fill the basin between the mountain ranges of Paleozoic strata. In comparison to Paleozoic volcanic and sedimentary rocks, Mesozoic sedimentary rocks have lower contents of chlorite and plagioclase, but high contents of clay minerals including interstratified illite-smectite, smectite, and kaolinite. Paleozoic granites characteristically contain amphibole and biotite. Compared with the mineral composition of bedrock in source, Asian dust is a mixture of detrital particles originating from Paleozoic and Mesozoic bedrocks. However, the mineral composition of Mesozoic sedimentary rocks is closer to that of Asian dust. Less lithified Mesozoic sedimentary rocks easily disintegrated to form silty soils which are deflated to form Asian dust.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.71-86
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• 2022

This study examines the process of the introduction of stupa, which has originated in India, to the Xinjiang Uyghur region and the features of the stupas in the Xinjiang Uyghur region in detail. This study examines the layout of the buildings in temple compounds and the types, structural elements, and construction methods of the stupas in the Xinjiang Uyghur region in particular by looking into the content of the Da Tang Xi Yu Ji and remaining stupas, which provide examples of stupas at the time. This study finds that due to the characteristics of dry deserts, stupas in Xinjiang Uyghur region, where assimilation between Eastern and Western cultures is seen, were mostly made by pressing clay into a mold and had no interior spaces. Also, construction materials and techniques had been developed and improved in a way that enabled stupas to combat the challenging desert conditions. However, the stupas in this region differed significantly from the wooden tower-like stupas discovered in central China(zhongyuan 中原). The shape of the dome of most stupas in Xinjiang Uyghur region was chosen under the influence of the Gandharan style. Some of the stupas in the region have taken the general forms of the wooden stupas and the others have taken many forms, from cylindrical drums to towers. Also, there have been forests of stupas and stupas similar in form to chaityas and stupas of Vajrayana. Such different forms were transformed and modified through regional history and it was related to the peoples and cultures that produced and used stupas. Stupas evolved into distinct forms in Xinjiang Uyghur region in this way.