• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.509-522
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• 2024

Decellularized matrix transplantation has emerged as a promising therapeutic approach for repairing tissue defects, with numerous studies assessing its safety and efficacy in both animal models and clinical settings. The host immune response elicited by decellularized matrix grafts of natural biological origin plays a crucial role in determining the success of tissue repair, influenced by matrix heterogeneity and the inflammatory microenvironment of the wound. However, the specific immunologic mechanisms underlying the interaction between decellularized matrix grafts and the host immune system remain elusive. This article reviews the sources of decellularized matrices, available decellularization techniques, and residual immunogenic components. It focuses on the host immune response following decellularized matrix transplantation, with emphasis on the key mechanisms of Toll-like receptor, T-cell receptor, and TGF-β/SMAD signaling in the stages of post-transplantation immunorecognition, immunomodulation, and tissue repair, respectively. Furthermore, it highlights the innovative roles of TLR10 and miR-29a-3p in improving transplantation outcomes. An in-depth understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the host immune response after decellularized matrix transplantation provides new directions for the repair of tissue defects.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.14 no.4 s.36
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• pp.274-280
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• 1990

This paper is intended to grasp the characteristics of many bodices patterns which have been shown so far. The way is by selecting four characteristic kinds of patterns, making blouses offer the patterns and measuring ease. In measuring the degree of ease, $Scheff\`{e}'s$ paired comparison is made use of. In analysis, variation ratio has come out of analysis of variance, and significance is tested by producing estimated values between patterns. The Result is summed up as follows. 1. After wearing blouses made ofter different basic patterns and measuring ease, the analysis of variance is made about the sensory value of ease. The result is as follows. 1) In the ease of different patterns, all the areas are significant at the level of $1\%$ , regard- less of movements. 2) Under the influence of movements, the back area of arm hole is significant at the level of $5\%$ in narrow movements, and the front and the back area of arm hole are each significant at the level of $1\%$ in wide movements. 3) In the interaction of patterns and movements, bust and the under area of arm hole are each significant at the level of $1\%$ in narrow movements, and bust is significant at the level of $1\%$ in wide movements. 2. When comparing estimated values between patterns, the value of c is the largest and in the order of b,4, a. And in the other movements, the order changes into c,d, b and a. Thus the ease of blouses is different according to patterns. The reason for this is that the amount of ease of bust, the amount and location of darts, and sleeve cap height have complicate influences on the ease of blouses. Both sleeve cap height and the depth of arm hole have influences on the ease of sleeve. Consequently, in making clothes, it would be better to select and use proper patterns which go with the purposes and desings of clothes rather than to apply one pattern to various clothes.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.37-50
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to present basic data that can express beautiful silhouette by studying visual effect that depend on waist position of basic pants and the change of round belt width and analyzing the study of visual effect of the pattern design as well as the effect of design component. The stimuli are 21 samples: 7 variations of the location of the waistline and 3 variations of the width of the belt. The data has been obtained from 35 fashion design majors. The data has analyzed by frequency, factor analysis, anova, scheffe's test and the MCA method. The visual effects by the location of waistline and the width of belt are composed of 3 factors : horizontal direction factor, vertical direction factor and flexuosity factor. In these factors, horizontal factor is estimated by most important factor. Visual effect is positive when belt width widens as the location of waist line goes down to position of low belt. And in case the location of waist line is in the position of natural waist belt and low rise belt, belt of 3.2cm width is effective visually. The interaction effects between the location of the waistline and the width of the belt have significant differences in all factors. Factor that appears in visual effect of basic pants can be evaluated differently according to pattern of pants and characteristic of body shape. So we may receive better visual assessment if we consider the location of waist belt and width of belt in side of visual effect and image, when we produce pants giving variety to crotch depth.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.147-166
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• 2016

Objective: The purpose of this study was to gain an understanding of parenthood of mothers of early school-age children, with emphasis on cognitive, behavioral, and emotional aspects of parenthood. Methods: Nineteen mothers whose children were 1st and 2nd grade elementary school children participated in this study. Data were collected through individual in-depth interviews. During the interview, mothers were asked to speak freely about their experiences as parents of early-school age children, including parenting beliefs, parenting behaviors, and emotional experiences related to parenting. These interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed in a thematic way using MAXQDA. Results: Using qualitative methods, five major themes were emerged: (1) Recognizing the role of parents as a supporter of growth; (2) recognizing parenthood of the present generation that imposes expanded roles to mothers; (3) co-parenting of early school-age children and marital relationship; (4) co-existence of different parenting styles based on specific mother-child interaction situations; (5) experiencing a wide spectrum of emotions including anxiety, guilt, and depression, as well as happiness. Conclusion: This study revealed the unique cognitive, behavioral, and emotional aspects of parenthood experienced by mothers with early school-age children. Results of this study can fill a gap in our understanding of parenthood of mothers when their children entered into the new developmental stage of middle childhood. The results could also be used as a basis for developing parent education and family relationship programs.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.255-259
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• 2013

Background: Cancer is the leading cause of death in Taiwan. Spouses are generally the main caregivers of affectyed patients but previous studies have seldom investigated the needs of male spouses of patients with metastatic cancer. Purpose: To explore the lived experiences of such male spouses. Methods: A qualitative design using in-depth interviewswasconducted with male spouses of patients with metastatic cancer being treated at the oncology outpatient department in a teaching hospital in northern Taiwan. Results: Nine participants aged 31-78 were interviewed. Content analysis of the interviews revealed five themes: suffering and struggling, difficulty in focusing on communication and interaction, shouldering responsibility, cherishing the love between husband and wife, and enabling each other to live better. This study demonstrated how male spousse experienced physical and psychological suffering when their wives suffered from metastatic cancer. They had to bear the pain of their wife's suffering, and also had to shoulder the responsibility for everything. All their efforts were put towards enabling each other to live a better life. They cherished the rest of the time they could spend with their wives, even though they had to live a hard life. As the male spouses of patients with metastatic cancer, the participants exhibited both the masculinity of men and the ability to express care and tenderness. Conclusions: The results showed that male spouses need more attention in terms of communication and bearing with suffering. Health care professionals should more actively understand the needs and provide assistance when facing the male spouse of patients with cancer, so as make sure that they possess the ability to take care of their wives. Health care professionals should also assist and properly act as a bridge of communication between husbands and wives.

• Proceedings of the KSEEG Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.7-14
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• 2003

The precious-meta] mineralization of epithermal type in the Korean Peninsula, which is spread over a broader range of ca. 110 to 60 Ma with a major population between 90 and 70 Ma, mainly occurred along the NE-trending major strike-slip fault systems (i.e., the Gongju and Gwangju ones) that commonly include volcano-tectonic depressions and calderas. The occurrence of epithermal mineralization during Late Cretaceous clearly indicates that the geologic setting of the Korean Peninsula changed to the favorable depth of ore formation with very shallow-crustal environments (〈1.0 kb) accompanied with gold-silver (-base-meta]) mineralization. Epithermal gold-silver deposits in Korea are primarily distinguished as sediment-dominant and volcanic-dominant basins by using criteria of varying alteration, ore and gangue mineralogy deposited by the interaction of different ore-forming fluids with host rocks and meteoric waters. These differences between the central and southern portions are causally linked to the tectonic evolution of the Peninsula during the Cretaceous time. In the Early Cretaceous, the sinistral strike-slip movements due to the oblique subduction of the Izanagi Plate resulted in the Gongju and Gwangju fault systems in the central portion of the Korean Peninsula, which was accompanied with a number of sediment-dominant basins formed along these faults. During the Late Cretaceous, the mode of convergence of the Izanagi Plate changed to northwesteward so that orthogonal convergence occurred with a calc-alkaline volcanism. As results, volcanic-dominant basins were developed in the southern portion of the Peninsula, accompanied with volcano-tectonic depressions and caldera-related fractures. The magmatism and related fractures during Late Cretaceous may play an important role in the formation of geothermal systems. Thus, such fault zones may be favorable environments for veining emplacement that is closely related to the precious-metal mineralization of epithermal type in the Korean Peninsula.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.262-271
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to classify types of family visitors' behaviors more concretely, which could be useful in planning of exhibition spaces in a science museum, with given priority to their behaviors according to interaction between them, and to understand characteristics of the behaviors. With this view, the scope of this study was restricted to subjects, who were family visitors of Gwacheon National Science Museum, consisting of parents and their one elementary school child per family unit. For understanding their behaviors, itinerary tracking and observation method of behavior were conducted. Moreover, for understanding substantial types and characteristics of family visitors' behaviors, multivariate analysis was applied. Accordingly, the results of the study are as follows. First, as a result of factor analysis, two main factors were derived. In other words, they were 'Durability of viewing' as the first and 'Interactivity between family members' as the second, which were shown valid in classification of the types of their behaviors. Second, according to the factors derived, the types of their behaviors were classified into in-depth cooperative viewing, selective independent viewing, interest concentration child-led viewing and consideration parent-led viewing. They were shown valid in topological localization and classification, as a result of analysis of the main factors. Third, in view of common characteristics of the types, it is judged that active orientation prior to regular viewing could encourage visitors coming to the museum for the first time to feel more friendly to unfamiliar exhibition environments, during the initial seek time, and to reduce visual supersaturation. Fourth, it is judged that distributed arrangement of exhibits, which result in continuous standby, could avoid confused visitor circulation by the estimated time required for viewing.

• Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.98-111
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• 2008

This review introduces advances in clinical and pre-clinical single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET) providing noninvasive functional images of biological processes. Development of new collimation techniques such as multi-pinhole and slit-slat collimators permits the improvement of system spatial resolution and sensitivity of SPECT. Application specific SPECT systems using smaller and compact solid-state detector have been customized for myocardial perfusion imaging with higher performance. Combined SPECT/CT providing improved diagnostic and functional capabilities has been introduced. Advances in PET and CT instrumentation have been incorporated in the PET/CT design that provide the metabolic information from PET superimposed on the anatomic information from CT. Improvements in the sensitivity of PET have achieved by the fully 3D acquisition with no septa and the extension of axial field-of-view. With the development of faster scintillation crystals and electronics, time-of-flight (TOF) PET is now commercially available allowing the increase in the signal-to-noise ratio by incorporation of TOF information into the PET reconstruction process. Hybrid PET/SPECT/CT systems has become commercially available for molecular imaging in small animal models. The pre-clinical systems have improved spatial resolution using depth-of-interaction measurement and new collimators. The recent works on solid state detector and dual modality nuclear medicine instrumentations incorporating MRI and optical imagers will also be discussed.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.7
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• pp.89-98
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• 2019

It requires administrative supporting & Policies Aids on Maeul Community Media that confronted with reconstruction of community & interaction of residence. There are increased of community media research. This study examines the meanings of participants, the role of participants & volunteer, characteristic of community media, enlargement of residence, problems and activation of community media also conducted in-depth interviews of participants. According to the results of the analysis, the first it will be enforced administrative supporting & policies aids on Maeul Community Media. Secondly, suggests supporting of a municipal ordinance of Council. Thirdly, facilitate the education of program contents and management of community media. Finally, Supports of production costs.

• Journal of Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.1-24
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• 2019

Poor project performance has been noted as the bane in the construction industry globally. This paper sought to investigate, by way of literature, the performance patterns of construction projects in Kenya since independence (1963-2018). This was informed by reports of undesirable project performance in the industry. This descriptive study used available studies previously done in this subject area. In sum, literature is replete with evidence on a myriad of challenges facing the execution of projects. The study established that generally, the project performance is poor and has assumed a chronic trajectory spanning over five decades. On average, the findings reveal that 35-60% of projects initiated in Kenya face cost overruns while time overrun is most severe with 35-73% projects overrunning their schedule. In addition, the findings problematize the issue of plurality of performance measurement regimes in the construction industry. Here, it was observed that no singular construct exists to objectively measure the various facets that constitute the 'health' of a project. This paper has contributed to the body of knowledge by examining the performance patterns in Kenya for over fifty years while at the same time identifying the bottlenecks inherent in projects execution. Importantly, the conceptual performance efficiency framework derived in the current study presents a paradigm shift in the monitoring and evaluation of projects. To this end, an in-depth analysis is recommended on the interaction of efficiency enablers in the buildup of performance efficiency index (PEI). Similarly, a further inquiry is recommended on the integration and impact of the proposed framework in the management of projects.