• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.159-166
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• 2008

이상적인 구강항균제로는 구강환경 내에서 정상 세균총보다는 치아우식증의 원인균주 및 치주염이나 구취 유발세균에 대한 선택적인 항균력이 우수하면서도 인체 및 환경독성이 낮은 물질이 요구된다. 이러한 요구사항을 충족시킬 수 있는 천연항균제 개발을 위해 천연물질인 Hamamelis virginiana의 추출물을 이용한 연구를 하였다. 최근 식물 추출물이나 정유(essential oil)의 항균 효과를 관찰하는 연구가 활발히 이루어지면서 치아우식증이나 구취 및 치주질환을 예방하거나 진행을 억제하는 목적으로 사용할 수 있는 천연 항균제 후보 물질들이 속속 보고 되고 있으며, Hamamelis virginiana가 여기에 속한다. Hamamelis virginiana는 치주질환을 야기하는 세균을 포함하는 여러 세균 종, 즉 Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Capnocytophaga gingivalis, Veilonella parvula, Eikenella corrodens, Peprostreptococcus micros, Actinomyces odontolyticus 등에 대해 항균 효과가 있는 것으로 보고 되었고, 이 실험에서는 구강감염질환에 중요한 Streptoccoccus mutans, Haemophylus actinomycetemcomitans, Klebsiella pneumoniae에 대한 항균 효과를 연구함으로써 이러한 Hamamelis virginiana의 항균 효과를 이용하여 구강위생용품 등 치과영역 임상에 이용할 수 있는지에 대한 연구를 하였다. 본 실험에서는 Hamamelis virginiana의 항균 효과를 보기 위해서 Hamamelis virginiana 알콜 추출액을 처리하여 종이 원판 항생제 감수성 검사, 최소발육저지농도 그리고 최소살균농도를 결정하는 연구를 한 결과, 모든 실험 병원균주에 대해 항균성을 나타내었다. 본 연구 결과로 미루어 볼 때, Hamamelis virginiana의 항균력은 구강 감염질환에 중요한 Streptoccoccus mutans, Haemophylus actinomycetemcomitans, Klebsiella pneumoniae 모두에게 유효하게 작용하며, Hamamelis virginiana의 직접적인 살균작용까지도 확인되었다. 따라서 천연물질인 Hamamelis virginiana를 이용하여 구강질환을 일으키는 병원균에 대한 직접적인 항균작용을 기대할 수 있는 항균제 개발이 가능할 것으로 보인다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제39권6호
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• pp.669-675
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• 2007

본 연구자들은 Cumin(Cuminum cymium L.) seed로부터 정제한 $2-hydroxyethyl-{\beta}-undecenate$의 항치주염 활성을 사람의 백혈구를 이용하여 염증 매개물질 $LTB_4$ 및 PGs의 생성 효소인 5-lipoxygenase와 cyclooxygenase, 및 조직파괴 효소인 collagenase와 elastase의 저해 효과를 규명하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. HPS의 항치주염 활성을 사람의 백혈구를 이용하여 염증 매개물질 $LTB_4$ 및 PGs의 생성 효소인 5-lipoxygenase와 cyclooxygenase 및 조직파괴효소인 collagenase와 elastase의 저해효과를 규명한 결과, HPS은 $5\;{\times}\;10^{-2}\;M$ 첨가 시 97%의 PMNL로부터 $LTB_4$ 생합성이 저해되었으며 이때 $IC_{50}$ 값은 $2\;{\times}\;10^{-4}\;M$ 이었다. 균질화된 사람의 PMNL 5-lipoxygenase 및 시판 정제 5-lipoxygenase 활성에 대한 HPS의 저해 효과는 $5\;{\times}\;10^{-2}\;M$첨가 시 92%의 효소 활성이 저해되었다. 또한 효소 활성에 대한 $IC_{50}$ 값은 $2.5\;{\times}\;10^{-4}\;M$이었으며, 정제 5-lipoxygenase에 대한 $IC_{50}$ 값은 $2.3\;{\times}\;10^{-4}\;M$이었다. 또한 백혈구 COX 활성에 대한 $IC_{50}$ 값은 $5.1\;{\times}\;10^{-4}\;M$이었고, 정제 COX에 대한 $IC_{50}$ 값은 $2.3\;{\times}\;10^{-4}\;M$이었으며, 백혈구 collagenase 활성에 대한 $IC_{50}$ 값은 $2\;{\times}\;10^{-3}\;M$이었고 정제 collagenase에 대한 $IC_{50}$ 값은 $5\;{\times}\;10^{-2}\;M$이었다. 백혈구 elastase의 경우 $5\;{\times}\;10^{-2}\;M$ 첨가 시 66%의 활성이 저해된 반면 정제 elastase의 경우 $5\;{\times}\;10^{-2}\;M$ 첨가 시 25%의 효소 활성이 저해되었다. 또한 백혈구 elastase 활성에 대한 $IC_{50}$ 값은 $7.5\;{\times}\;10^{-3}\;M$이었다. 인체 치은세포에 대한 독성 시험 결과 $5\;{\times}\;10^{-2}\;M$의 HPS 첨가시 세포의 활성은 배양 2일째 47.83%로 나타났으며, $1\;{\times}\;10^{-2}\;M$의 HPS 첨가시에도 68.53%로 나타나 비교적 세포독성이 강한 것으로 나타났다.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.628-633
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• 2005

유구치의 깊은 우식은 치수병소을 유발하고 이를 조기에 치료하지 않을 경우에는 치수강저의 수많은 부근관을 통하여 치근분지부 병소로 이어진다. 지금까지 대부분의 교과서나 문헌에서는 이와 같은 경우를 발치의 적응증으로 기술하여 왔고 임상에서도 상례적으로 발치를 흔히 시행하였다. 그러나 유구치의 조기 상실은 수많은 부작용을 낳는 것이 필연적이다. 어린이의 골재생 능력 이 우수하며, 치수강저와 치근분지부를 잇는 많은 부근관이 있음을 생각해 볼 때 유구치 치수 내의 감염원을 치수절제술로 제거하고, 이미 발생한 치근분지부 병소에 대해서는 소파술을 시행한다면 치근분지부 골조직의 신속한 재생이 가능하지 않을까 하는 의문이 제기되었다. 본 증례는 $3{\sim}6$세 어린이에서 유구치 치근분지부 방사선 투과상이 $2{\sim}4mm$ 정도의 깊이를 보이는 비교적 경미한 수준이면서, 연조직 누공을 보이는 10개 증례를 선별하여 치수절제술과 치근분지부 소파술을 시행한 결과, 모두에서 방사선적으로 골재생이 관찰되었다. 이를 통하여 유구치 치근분지부 병소나 누공을 보이는 모든 경우가 발치의 적응증은 아니며, 이 방법이 치근분지부 병소를 가진 유구치를 잔존시킬 수 있는 하나의 대안이 될 수 있음을 알 수 있었다. 그러나 이 방법이 객관적 인 타당성을 얻기 위해서는, 병소의 크기와 진행정도, 계승 영구치의 성숙도, 환아의 연령 등 적응증에 대한 보다 심층적인 검토와 연구가 필요할 것으로 사료되었다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.653-667
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• 1995

Post - operative wound infections have been a serious problem in nursing care in the operating room and appear to be strongly related to the infection occurring during the performance of operation. The purpose of this study is to identify patterns in duration of surgical hand scrub (SHS), to evaluate the method of SHS and to examine the rate of glove perforation. Subjects for this study include 244 doctors and 169 nurses working in the operative theatre of a hospital in Seoul area. Test samples and related data were collected from this medical facility between April 1, through 15, and July 1, through 5, 1995 by the author and a staff member working in the operating room. For the study, data on the SHS of doctors and nurses were obtained at the time of operation and multiple batches of surgical gloves worn by the operating doctors were collected after each operation. The duration of SHS was measured with a stop watch and the method of SHS was evaluated according to Scoring Hand Scrub Criteria (SHS Criteria) and expressed as SHS scores. For the analysis of the data, t-test was used to compare the differences in the duration and the SHS scores of doctors and nurses, and Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to examine the relationship between the SHS duration and the SHS scores. The results of the study are summarized as follows. 1) The mean time spent in each SHS was 167 seconds in nurses, and 127 seconds in doctors. The data comparing nurses and doctors indicated that there were significant differences in Our ation of SH S between these two groups (t=5.58, p=.000). 2) The mean time spent in the first SHS was 145 seconds and that in the End SHS, 135 seconds, and there was not a significant difference in the duration of the SHS between doctors and nurses (t=1.44, P=.156). 3) The mean time spent in the SHS by OS (Orthopaedic surgery) doctors was 162 seconds, 150 seconds by NS(Neurologic surgery), 121 seconds by GS(General surgery), 94 seconds by OPH(Opthalmology) and DS(Dental surgery), 82 seconds by URO(Urology), 78 seconds by PS(Plastic surgery) and 40 seconds by ENT(Ear, Nose & Throat) These also showed a significant difference in the duration of the SHS among the medical specialities (t=4.8, P=.0001). 4) The average SHS score of the nurses was 15.2, while that of doctors was 13.1. The statistical analysis showed that t-value was 3.66, p was. 000. This indicates that the nurses actually clean their hands more thoroughly than the doctors do. 5) The average SHS score of NS doctors was 15.5, 15.3 for doctors for OPH,14.3 for OS,12.7 for GS, 12.0 for DS, 11.7 for URO, 10.1 for PS, 7.5 for ENT. Comparison of the average SHS scores from 8 specialties showed that there was a significant differences in the patterns of the SHS (F=5.08, P=.000) among medical specialties. 6) It appears that the operating personnel scrub the palms and dorsum of their hand relatively well, however, less thorough the nails and fingers. 7) The more the operating personnel spend their time in hand scrubbing, the more correctly they clean their hands(r=.6427, P<.001). 8) The overall frequencies of perforation in all post-operative gloves tested was 38 out of 389 gloves (10.3%). The perforation rate for PS was 13%, 12.1% for GS,8.8% for 05, and 3.3% for NS.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.232-247
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• 2005

Purpose. The purposes of this investigation were to discover the possibility of clinical application in the areas of dental implants and bone grafts by investigating the bone formation histologically around specimen which was depending on the intensity of magnetic field of neodymium magnet inside of the specimens. Material and method. 1. Measurement of magnetic intensity - placed the magnet inside of the specimen, and measured the intensity of magnetic field around the 1st thread and 3rd thread of specimen 20 times by using a Gaussmeter(Kanetec Co., Japan). 2. Surgical Procedure - Male rabbit was anesthetised by constant amount of Ketamine (0.25ml/kg) and Rompun (0.25ml/kg). After incising the flat part of tibia, and planted the specimens of titanium implant, control group was stitched without magnet, while experimental groups were placed a magnedisc 500(Aichi Steel Co., Japan) or magnedisc 800(Aichi Steel Co., Japan) into it, fixed by pattern resin and stitched. 3. Management after the surgery - In order to prevent it from the infection of bacteria and for antiinflammation, Gentamycin and Ketopro were injected during 1 week from operation day, and dressed with potadine. 4. Preparation of histomorphometric analysis - At 2, 4 and 8 weeks after the surgery, the animals were sacrificed by excessed Ketamine, and then, specimens were obtained including the operated part and some parts of tibia, and fixed it to 10% of PBS buffer solution. After embedding specimens in Technovit 1200 and B.P solution, made a H-E stain. Samples width was 75$\mu$m . In histological findings through the optical microscope and using Kappa image base program(Olympus Co. Japan), the bone contact ratio and bone area ratio of each parts of specimens were measured and analyzed. 5. Statistical analysis - Statistical analysis was accomplished with Mann Whitney U-test. Results and conclusion. 1. In histomorphometric findings, increased new bone formation was shown in both control & experimental groups through the experiment performed for 2, 4 & 8 weeks. After 4 weeks, more osteoblasts and osteoclasts with significant bone remodeling were shown in experimental groups. 2. In histomorphometric analysis, the bone contact ratios were 38.5% for experimental group 1, 29.5% for experimental group 2 and 11.9% for control group. Experimental groups were higher than control group(p<0.05) (Fig. 6, Table IV). The bone area ratios were 60.9% for experimental group 2, 46.4% for experimental group 1 and 36.0% for control group. There was no significantly statistical difference between experimental groups and control group(p<0.05) (Fig. 8, Table VII) 3. In comparision of the bone contact ratios at each measurement sites according to magnetic intensity, experimental group 2(5.6mT) was higher than control group at the 1st thread (p<0.05) and experimental group 1 (1.8mT) was higher than control group at the 3rd thread(p<0.05) (Fig. 7, Table V, VI). 4. In comparision of the bone area ratios at each measurement sites according to magnetic intensity, experimental group 2(5.6mT) was higher than control group and experimental group 1 (4.0mT) at the 1st thread(p<0.1) and experimental group 2(4.4mT) was higher than experimental group 1 (1.8mT) at the 3rd thread(p<0.1) (Fig. 9, Table IX, X). Experiment group 2 was largest, followed by experiment group l and control group at the 3rd thread of implant. There was a significant difference at the 1st thread of control group & experiment group 2, and at 1st thread & 3rd thread of experiment group 1 & 2, and not at control group experiment group 1.(p<0.1)