• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.628-635
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the result after 2-phase surgical-orthodontic treatment without preoperative orthodontic treatment for the skeletal Cl III malocclusion patient and to obtain an adequate protocol on the bases of this result. This retrospective study of ten patients who underwent 2-phase treatment were done to evaluate 1) the surgical stability and relapse pattern 2) the facial esthetics 3) the TMJ problem 4) the total time of the treatment. Results were followed : 1) The horizontal relapse of the mandible was 26.8% and didn't show significant differences compared to the conventional 3-phase treatment. But, it was considered that this amount of relapse was the sum of true relapse and autoratation of mandible due to decreased vertical dimension during orthodontic treatment. 2) It was estimated that there's no difference on the ratio of anterior facial height between the subjects and the normal patients. On the horizontal analysis, the mandible of the subjects was located more anteriorly than that of the normal patients. This result showed that there was a need for the accurate preoperative esthetic evaluation and the additional methods for reducing the relapse due to the occlusal interference. 3) Wide variation was noted on the TMJ symptoms of the subjects, however, it was estimated that there's no significant differencees of symptoms compared to that of the conventional 3-phase treatment on literatures. 4) The average of the overall period of treatment was 20.8 months and we obtained reduction of the treatment time compaired to 3-phase treatment on many literatures. Most of the results of this study were similar to the findings of the 3-phase treatment(preoperative orthodontic-orthognathic surgery-postoperative orthodontic), but total time of the treatment was shorter in patients with 2-phase treatment than in those with the conventional 3-phase treatment. With 2-phase treatment, we experienced many advantages compared to the conventional method considering that it was favarable conditions for the teeth, it had the flexibility for the treatment, and it could be the adequate treatment approach for the stomatognathic system. Although this retrospective pilot study had some limitations, due to small samples, the authors would hope that it could serve as a guide for the future researches, and the clinical applications.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.309-318
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• 2012

In advanced stages of periodontal disease, a lot of the periodontal tissue support are usually lost. The tissue destruction around some teeth is progressed to a level which requires either spontaneous exfoliation or extraction of several teeth due to their excessive mobility. In such cases, a comprehensive treatment plan encompassing the adequate periodontal and maintenance therapy, as well as perio-prosthetic treatment involving occlusal equilibration, is needed in order to restore health, function, and esthetics. Cross-arch fixed partial dentures(CAFPDs), one of the perio-prosthetic treatments, are used to stabilize the teeth with severely reduced periodontal tissue support. Unfortunately, however, a little is known about the occlusal scheme and biomechanical concept of CAFPDs. This paper will demonstrate summaries of the trauma from occlusion(TFO), Ante's law revisited, the treatment principles, the role of occlusion, and the long-term consequences for CAFPDs, and the possibility of CAFPDs through a case presentation.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Esthetic Dentistry
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.30-46
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• 2013

Porcelain fused to metal crown has been used mostly over the last 50 years for restorations in dentistry. However, the patients' awareness of aesthetic aspect, biocompatibility and the problems such as an allergy to metals led to the growing interest in the 'metal free restoration'. In particular, the price of the precious metals that have been mainly used to date has risen drastically, which made them impossible to play their role as oral restorative materials anymore, and in addition, the PFM restoration has intrinsic problems of chipping and fracture. Therefore, the CAD/CAM has been drawing more attention than ever due to the popular needs for the material that is more aesthetic and stronger for restoration of the molar implant. Considerations in carrying out the full zirconia restoration are as follows: 1) strength, 2) combination work, 3) light penetrability, 4) treatment of cracks, 5) the color reproducibility of the block, 6) the abrasivity of antagonistic tooth, 7) low temperature degradation. In this presentation, the color reproducibility of the block will be discussed. One of the biggest reasons for avoiding the full zirconia restoration is that it is difficult to reproduce the natural color compared to the conventional PFM restoration. Thus, many clinicians show reluctance due to the exposure of the ugly block when the coloring on the surface is removed after occlusal adjustment. From the experience of using blocks by Zirkonzahn for more than 4 years, it is considered that these problems can be addressed to some degrees. Accordingly, how to make restorations that are well in harmony with surrounding prosthesis or natural teeth will be discussed.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.218-224
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• 2018

Macroglossia is an obstacle in regard to general prosthodontic restoration. Not only is it difficult to obtain support and stability from dentures manufactured from normal protocol, obtaining efficacy from basic mastication is also difficult. In such cases, realizing harmony between the occlusion and surrounding muscle structures may be important with regard to manufacture of stable full dentures, and it is necessary to form the appropriate polished surface for this case. The neutral zone is defined as the potential area resulting from the neuromuscular function that results in equilibrium between the outward force exerted by the tongue and the inward force exerted by the lips and cheeks. The artificial teeth of the full denture lies in this area, and if the polished zone follows the anatomic form of the dynamic muscles, the movement of the muscles simply acts as an element of stabilizing the dentures improving the esthetics through facial support.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.198-203
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• 2012

Excessive occlusal wear results in unacceptable damage to the occluding surfaces, and can cause pulpal injury, occlusal disharmony, impaired function, and aesthetic deformity. Patients with severely worn dentition need to be classified as several categories relative to the vertical dimension of occlusion (VDO) and the interocclusal distance for the prosthetic space. When treating patients classified as those who have excessive wear without loss of occlusal vertical dimension but with limited space, we could consider treating them at an increased vertical dimension of occlusion. Treatments at an increased vertical dimension of occlusion may provide stability, given that the amount of its increase was minimal, and a perfected occlusion was achieved after enough stabilization period. A 50-year-old male visited the department of Prosthodontics in Yonsei University Dental Hospital with the chief complaint of worn teeth on lower anterior area. Reconstruction at an increased vertical dimension of occlusion was planned. After the compatibility of the new vertical dimension of occlusion had been confirmed under interim fixed restorations, definitive fixed restorations composed of full-contour monolithic zirconia prostheses were placed. This case presents that a satisfactory clinical result was achieved by restoring the worn dentition at an increased vertical dimension of occlusion with an improvement in esthetics and function.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.191-197
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• 2012

Esthetics is important in restoring maxillary anterior area. Alveolar bone resorption and loss of interdental papilla may be minimized by immediate implantation. Previous studies showed successful results with the immediate implantation in healthy extraction socket, while many of these studies objected the immediate implantation into extraction sites with periapical lesions. Recent studies, however, reported successful results of the immediate implantation into extraction sites with periapical lesions with careful debridement of extraction sockets and general medication of antibiotics prior to implantation. A 73-year-old female visited the department of Prosthodontics in ${\bigcirc}{\bigcirc}$ University Dental Hospital with the chief complaint of fallen post-core and crown on left maxillary incisor. Although the incisor was with vertical root fracture and periapical lesion, the immediate implantation following the extraction of tooth was planned. Thorough socket debridement, irrigation with chlorhexidine, and tetracycline soaking were followed by immediate implantation. The general medication of antibiotics (Moxicle Tab.$^{(R)}$, 375 mg) was prescribed before and after the surgery. Immediate provisional restoration was delivered two days after the surgery, and the definitive metal-ceramic restoration was placed about six months later after reproducing the emergence profile from the provisional restoration. This case presents satisfying result esthetically and functionally upto two years after the placement of prosthesis with the harmonious gingival line and no loss of marginal bone.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.601-606
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• 2009

Amelogenesis Imperfecta (AI) is a genetic disorder which retards the development of enamel and it can be classified into three types: hypoplastic, hypomaturation, hypocalcified type. This can occur both in deciduous and permanent dentition. A 8 year 8 month old patient with a chief complaints of delayed eruption on upper anteriors, calculus deposit on lower anteriors and anterior openbite visited the clinic. Anteriors had thin layer of enamel and were very narrow. Especially lower anteriors had rough surface and were in bad shape. Teeth were very hypersensitive to thermal changes. Upper and lower first molars showed severe attrition on the occlusal surface. Radiographs also verified hypoplastic enamel in the whole dentition including the teeth in the tooth bud. The patient was diagnosed as hypoplastic AI, and is being treated at the pediathc and prosthodontic department of the Kyunghee dental university hospital. To improve the function, esthetics, hypersensitivity of the AI patients, restorations on the posteriors and the anteriors with oral hygiene instruction are necessary, Constant follow-up check is needed until full growth and after full growth, cooperative care with the other department is needed.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.79-93
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• 1982

The purpose of orthodontic treatment is to achieve normal occlusion and good facial esthetics for individual patients. To produce harmonized facial balance, treatment planning for patient who require orthodontic treatment should include both a hard tissue and soft tissue cephalometric analysis. Author studied to derive the normal standards of soft tissue profile in Koreans by roentgenocephalometric analysis. For this study 12 soft tissue profile landmarks were plotted and 23 linear length, 9 soft tissue thickness, 8 vertical height length, 12 angles of soft tissue profile, and 3 vertical proportion were measured. The subjects consisted of 166 males and 209 females from 7 to 19 years with normal occlusion and acceptable profiles, and were divided into five groups according to age. The obtained results were as follows; 1. From the basis of N-Pog (Nasion-Pogonion) plane, the growth of facial soft tissue in the middle region especially nose area was greater than others facial region. 2. From the basis of G-Pog' (Glabella-soft tissue Pogonion) plane, the values of linear measurement of soft tissue Nasion and Inferior labial sulcus decreased and nose tip grew forward as growing older. 3. The growth of the facial soft tissue thickness was greatest in superior labial sulcus and the thickness of soft tissue nasion gradually became thinner as growing old. 4. The thickness of upper and lower lip was 14.47mm, 14.57mm in adulr male, 12.76mm, 13.78mm in adult female. 5. The soft tissue thickness of the lower lip was thicker than that of upper lip in all age groups and both sexes, 6. The vertical length of the upper and lower lips were 25.04mm, 49.97mm in adult male and 23.50mm, 48.39mm in adult female. 7. By the significant test, there were significant difference between male and female in fifth adult group on all vertical length measurements of lower face. 8. In fifth adult group, the perpendicular distance from LS, LI to Steiner's line and Ricketts' esthetic line were as follow; Steiner line to LS, LI were 7.98mm, 5.84mm in male. Steiner line to LS, LI were 6.71mm, 5.08mm in female. Ricketts' esthetic line to LS, LI were -0.40mm, 1.72mm in male. Ricketts' esthetic line to Ls, LI were -1.38mm 0.65mm in female. 9. In fifth adult group, the facial convexity angle and lower facial component angle were $171.17^{\circ}142.94^{\circ}$ in male and $172.5^{\circ}$, $144.41^{\circ}$ in female.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.258-272
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• 1998

This investigation evaluated patients who received Steri-Oss implants from the Dental Hospital of Chosun University during the period from March 1989 to August 1997. 346 fixtures of 127 patients were included in this study. The results were as follows ; 1.The follow-up period was defined as the period between the surgical placement of the implants and the last follow-up examination. The mean follow-up period was $2.17{\pm}1.21$ years. 2.The period between fixture installation and second surgery was $0.71{\pm}0.44$ years in the maxilla and $0.46{\pm}0.21$ years in the mandible. 3.The number of fixtures which were installed in the upper jaw(112) was less than that in the lower jaw(234) and in the posterior region(260) was more than in the anterior region(86). 4.The length of fixture which was most frequently used was 12 mm and least was 8mm. Screw implants were installed more than cylindrical implants. 3.8mm implant was the most common implans, followed by 4.5mm and 3.25mm. 5.The number of augmentation cases was more than that of non-augmentation cases and the rate of augmentation cases in the maxilla was more than that in the mandible. 6.Implant restorations for partial edentulos patients(94cases) were more than single- tooth implant restorations(33cases) or implant restorations for complete edentulos patients(10cases). 7.Free-standing prostheses for partially edentulous patients were more commom than any other type of connection between implants and natural teeth. 8.Plaque Index($0.95{\pm}0.74$) and Gingival Index($0.31{\pm}0.52$) were very similar around the natural teeth and reflected an acceptable level of plaque and gingivitis control. Mean value for keratinized mucosa index($1.93{\pm}1.20$) remained fairly constant around level 2(1-2 mm keratinized epithelium). 9.Patients were generally satisfied with implant in terms of comfort, function, speech and esthetics. 10.There was not a statistically significant differences in overall survial rate between implants placed in the maxilla (91.5%) and those placed in the mandible (93.8%). Fourteen implants lost before the prosthetic rehabilitation and eleven implants lost following variable periods in function after the prosthetic phase of the treatment. 11.Cause of implant failures was exfoliation or removal of fixture due to non-osseointegration before the prosthetic rehabilitation or due to fracture of fixture, masticatory pain after the prosthetic rehabilitation. 12.The survival rate of Steri-Oss implants using the Kaplan-Meier statistical analysis was 93.8% at 2 year and 86.6% at 5 year, In all cases, implant losses occured predominantly in the healing period. There was a steep decline in the rate of implant loss after the first year. 13.The survival rate of Steri-Oss implants in the anterior region was 94.8% at 2 year and 94.8% at 5 year and that in the posterior region was 92.8% at 2 year and 75.9% at 5 year. In conclusion, this study revealed a number of parameters and guidelines for achieving an optimal success rate in osseointegration.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.368-373
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• 2010

The incisors function as instruments for biting and cutting food during mastication. They also support the lips and face and maintain vertical dimension. In addition, they contribute to overall normal arch appearance. They play important role during the articulation of speech and assist in guiding jaw closure. Extraction and space maintenance are the most common treatment for a tooth with poor prognosis. However, in the mixed dentition, extraction of the upper permanent incisors results in many complications, such as resorption of alveolar bone, poor esthetics, pronunciation, and mastication. Considering these various roles of incisors in oral cavity, approach for traumatized incisors, even the ones with poor prognosis, should be considered first prior to simple extraction. The dentist must take into account the age of the patient, growth potential, occlusion, oral hygiene status, economic status and motivation towards dental health in addition to patient compliance. In this case, although the prognosis was predicted to be unfavorable due to short root and mobility, we could save the central incisor using conservative treatment, reposition by orthodontic appliance instead of extraction.