• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.149-154
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• 2014

Objectives: This study was performed to evaluate the cytotoxicity of four calcium silicate-based endodontic cements at different storage times after mixing. Materials and Methods: Capillary tubes were filled with Biodentine (Septodont), Calcium Enriched Mixture (CEM cement, BioniqueDent), Tech Biosealer Endo (Tech Biosealer) and ProRoot MTA (Dentsply Tulsa Dental). Empty tubes and tubes containing Dycal were used as negative and positive control groups respectively. Filled capillary tubes were kept in 0.2 mL microtubes and incubated at $37^{\circ}C$. Each material was divided into 3 groups for testing at intervals of 24 hr, 7 day and 28 day after mixing. Human monocytes were isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells and cocultered with 24 hr, 7 day and 28 day samples of different materials for 24 and 48 hr. Cell viability was evaluated using an MTT assay. Results: In all groups, the viability of monocytes significantly improved with increasing storage time regardless of the incubation time (p < 0.001). After 24 hr of incubation, there was no significant difference between the materials regarding monocyte viability. However, at 48 hr of incubation, ProRoot MTA and Biodentine were less cytotoxic than CEM cement and Biosealer (p < 0.01). Conclusions: Biodentine and ProRoot MTA had similar biocompatibility. Mixing ProRoot MTA with PBS in place of distilled water had no effect on its biocompatibility. Biosealer and CEM cement after 48 hr of incubation were significantly more cytotoxic to on monocyte cells compared to ProRoot MTA and Biodentine.

• 구강회복응용과학지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2015

목적: 중합방법 및 측정시기에 따른 여러 이중중합 레진 시멘트의 기계적 성질인 압축강도와 간접인장강도를 비교 평가하는 것이다. 연구 재료 및 방법: 1개의 레진강화형 글래스아이오노머 시멘트인 FujiCEM 2, 2개의 전통적인 이중중합 레진 시멘트인 RelyX ARC와 Multilink N, 2개의 이중중합 자가접착 레진 시멘트인 RelyX U200과 G-CEM LinkAce를 사용하였다. 제조사의 지시에 따라 시멘트를 혼합하여 압축강도와 간접인장강도 측정을 위한 시편을 제작하였다. 중합방법 및 측정시기의 영향을 평가하기 위해 시멘트에 따라 4가지 실험 조건으로 나눴고, 만능시험기로 압축강도와 간접인장강도 측정하였다. 각각의 강도 값을 계산 후 통계처리 하였다. 결과: 압축강도에서는 RelyX ARC의 광중합과 Multilink N의 광중합, 간접인장강도에서는 RelyX ARC의 광중합을 제외하고 모든 중합방법에서 24시간 뒤 측정된 강도가 즉시 측정한 강도보다 더 높은 값을 보여주었다. FujiCEM 2는 시멘트간 비교에서 가장 낮은 강도 값을 보였다(P < 0.05). 결론: 치과용 시멘트 중에서 최근 출시된 이중중합 자가접착 레진 시멘트는 기존의 레진 시멘트와 비교시 제품별로 차이가 있었으나, 압축강도와 간접인장강도에서는 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제52권2호
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• pp.97-104
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• 2014

연구 목적: 본 연구의 목적은 현재 시판되는 4종의 레진계 임플란트 전용 임시 시멘트를 디지털 방사선 사진을 분석하여 방사선 불투과성을 비교 평가 하는 것이다. 연구 재료 및 방법: 주문 제작한 분할형 금속몰드에 4종의 레진계 임플란트 시멘트(Estemp $Implant^{TM}$ (Spident, Incheon, Korea), $Premier^{(R)}$Implant (Premier, Pennsylvania, USA), $Cem-Implant^{TM}$ (B.J.M lab, Or-yehuda, Israel), $InterCem^{TM}$ (SCI-PHARM, California, USA))와 대조군인 Elite Cement$100^{TM}$ (GC, Tokyo, Japan)를 각각의 제조사의 지시에 따라 혼합하여 경화시킨다. 시멘트당 두께에 따라 각 10개씩 총 150개의 시편을 제작하고 각 시편을 순수(99%이상) aluminum으로 제작한 step wedge와 나란히 위치시켜 Intraoral X-ray unit (Esx, Vatech, Korea)와 디지털 X-ray sensor (EzSensor, Vatec. Korea)를 사용하여 촬영하였다. 디지털 방사선 이미지를 Image J 1.47m (Wayne Rasband, National Institutes of Health, USA)과 Color inspector 3D Ver 2.0 (Interaktive Visualisierung von Farbr$\ddot{a}$umen, Berlin, Germany)의 프로그램을 이용하여 aluminum wedge equivalent thickness (mm Al)를 평가하였다. 결과: 본 연구에서 사용된 5종의 시멘트 중 방사선 불투과성은 Elite Cement$100^{TM}$이 모든 두께에서 가장 높았으며 레진계 임플란트용 시멘트중에서 $InterCem^{TM}$이 가장 높았고, $Premier^{(R)}$ Implant $Cement^{TM}$, $Cem-Implant^{TM}$, Estemp $Implant^{TM}$순으로 나타났다. 레진계 임플란트용 시멘트 중 $InterCem^{TM}$은 모든 두께에서 ISO Standard No. 4049에 맞는 방사선 불투과성을 보였고, $Cem-Implant^{TM}$는 0.5 mm 두께에서만 ISO Standard No. 4049에 적합한 방사선 불투과도를 나타냈다. 결론:이번 연구에 사용된 레진계 임플란트 시멘트중 방사선 불투과도는 전반적으로 높지 않았고, $InterCem^{TM}$ 만이 연구조건 및 기준에 만족하는 방사선 불투과도를 보였다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제11권12호
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• pp.4819-4825
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• 2010

치과 진료에 사용되는 세라믹 재료들은 고유존재비에 따라 자연방사성 핵종을 포함하고 있다. 이 방사성 핵종들은 치과 진료를 통하여 세라믹 재료들이 인체에 시술됨에 따라 구강 내에서 내부 방사선 피폭을 일으키게 된다. 본 연구에서는 치과재료 속에 포함된 방사성 핵종에 의해 인체에 영향을 미칠 수 있는 영향을 평가하기 위하여 치과 재료용으로 흔히 사용되는 22종류의 세라믹 재료와 1종류의 temporary resin 및 2종류의 glass ionomer cement에 대하여 전$\beta$ 방사능을 측정하였다. 측정 결과 치과 세라믹 재료의 전$\beta$ 방사능은 1.317 ~ 2.935 Bq/g 이었으며, 세라믹 재료 평균 전$\beta$ 방사능 농도는 2.379 Bq/g이었다. 세라믹 재료 중 전$\beta$ 방사능이 가장 높은 것은 opacious dentine의 code OD-A4로 2.935 Bq/g이었다. Dentine, opacious dentine, translucent 및 enamel의 평균 전$\beta$ 방사능은 각각 2.479 Bq/g, 2.491 Bq/g, 2.470 Bq/g 및 2.069 Bq/g 이었다. Temporary resin과 glass ionomer cement의 전$\beta$ 방사능 농도는 세라믹 재료에 비하여 측정오차범위 내의 무시할 만한 값이었으며, 전$\beta$ 방사능의 준위에 가장 많은 영향을 미치는 방사선동위원소는 40K으로 판단된다. 치과 재료의 방사선 준위에 추가적인 조사와 치과용 재료 내의 방사능 준위를 줄이기 위하여 이에 대한 기준이나 개선방안이 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.225-232
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• 1992

The purpose of this study was to compare the bond strength of the glass ionomer luting cements after the functional loads were applied to the crowns respectively 10 min, 30 min, 1 hr, 24 hrs later after mixing of cements. The conventional (GC Fuji I; GC Int. Co., Japan), water hardening type (Ketac Cem; ESPE, W. Germany) glass ionomer luting cement and C-dent ZPC (Confi-Dental Products Co., U.S.A.) as a control were used. The results of this study were obtained as follows: 1. In the bond strength of GC Fuji I, 24 hr-group was highest and there were no statistically significant differences among 10 min-, 30 min- and 1 hr- groups. 2. l3 the bond strength of Ketac Cem and C-dent ZPC, there was no statistically significant differences among 10 min-, 30 min-, 1 hr- and 24 hr-groups respectively. 3. Comparing the bond strength among cements in 10 min-, 30 min-groups respectively, GC Fuji I was lowest and there was no statistically significant difference between Ketac Cem and C-dent ZPC. 4. The bond strengths between GC Fuji I and Ketac Cem were not significantly different in 1 hr-, 24 hr-group. 5. The bond strengths among 3 types of cements were not significantly different in 24 hr-groups.

• 대한치과기공학회지
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.326-333
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of various zirconia surface treatment methods on shear bond strength with resin cements. Methods: We prepared 120 cylindrical zirconia specimens (⌀10 mm×10 mm) using computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM). Each specimen was randomly subjected to one of four surface treatment conditions: (1) no treatment (control), (2) airborne-particle abrasion with 50 ㎛ of Al2O3 (A50), (3) airborne-particle abrasion with 125 ㎛ of Al2O3 (A125), and (4) ZrO2 slurry (ZA). Using a polytetrafluoroethylene mold (⌀6 mm×3 mm), we applied three resin cements (Panavia F 2.0, Super-Bond C&B, and Variolink N) to each specimen. The shear bond strength tests were performed in a universal testing machine. The surfaces of representative specimens of each group were evaluated under scanning electron microscope. We used one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), two-way ANOVA, and post hoc Tukey honest significant difference test to analyze the data. Results: In the surface treatment method, the A50 group showed the highest bond strength, followed by A125, ZA, and control groups; however, no significant difference was observed between A50 and A125, A125 and ZA, and ZA and control (p>0.05). Among the resin cements, Super-Bond C&B showed the highest shear bond strength, followed by Panavia F 2.0 and Variolink N (p<0.05). Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, application of airborne-particle abrasion and ZrO2 slurry improved the shear bond strength of resin cement on zirconia.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.1.1-1.13
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• 2021

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the dystrophic mineralization deposits from 3 calcium silicate-based cements (Micro-Mega mineral trioxide aggregate [MM-MTA], Biodentine [BD], and EndoSequence Root Repair Material [ESRRM] putty) over time after subcutaneous implantation into rats. Materials and Methods: Forty-five silicon tubes containing the tested materials and 15 empty tubes (serving as a control group) were subcutaneously implanted into the backs of 15 Wistar rats. At 1, 4, and 8 weeks after implantation, the animals were euthanized (n = 5 animals/group), and the silicon tubes were removed with the surrounding tissues. Histopathological tissue sections were stained with von Kossa stain to assess mineralization. Scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDX) were also used to assess the chemical components of the surface precipitates deposited on the implant and the pattern of calcium and phosphorus distribution at the material-tissue interface. The calcium-to-phosphorus ratios were compared using the non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test at a significance level of 5%. Results: The von Kossa staining showed that both BD and ESRRM putty induced mineralization starting at week 1; this mineralization increased further until the end of the study. In contrast, MM-MTA induced dystrophic calcification later, from 4 weeks onward. SEM/EDX showed no statistically significant differences in the calcium- and phosphorus-rich areas among the 3 materials at any time point (p > 0.05). Conclusions: After subcutaneous implantation, biomineralization of the 3-calcium silicate-based cements started early and increased over time, and all 3 tested cements generated calcium- and phosphorus-containing surface precipitates.

• 통합자연과학논문집
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.29-34
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• 2019

In dental resin cement studies, viscosity is also an important factor in the adhesion of tooth defects and implants. This study used BisGMA and HPMA as the main ingredients, triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) as a diluent, and benzoyl peroxide (BPO) as a photoinitiator. The physical properties of graphene oxide used as an additive for functionality were evaluated, and its use as a dental resin cement material was investigated.The rupture strength has the tendency to increase along with the increase of the ratio of graphene oxide that was added, which seemed to reflect the effect of the high strength property of graphene oxide. The flexural strength also has the tendency to increase when about 0.5% of graphene oxide was added the same as the increase of rupture strength.When graphene oxide was added, according to viscosity use, the utilization as high-quality dental resin cements will increase.

• 구강회복응용과학지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.437-444
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 여러 automixing 레진시멘트의 물성과 상아질에 대한 전단결합강도를 평가, 비교하고자 하였다. Self-adhesive automixing 레진시멘트인 Rely-X Unicem(3M ESPE, St. Paul, USA), Embrace resin cement(Pulpdent, Oakland, USA)와 chemical polymerizing automixing 레진시멘트인 Resiment Ready-Mix(J.L.Blosser Inc., Liberty Missouri, USA)를 사용하였다. 물성을 평가하기 위하여 레진시멘트를 테프론 주형에 주입한 후 자가중합을 시키고 24시간 동안 빛이 차단된 상태로 100% 상대습도에 보관 후 만능 시험기를 이용하여 압축강도, 간접인장강도, 굴곡강도를 측정하였다. 상아질에 대한 전단결합강도를 평가하기 위하여 발거한 하악 제3대구치의 협측 상아질을 노출 시킨 후 일정한 크기로 레진시멘트를 부착시킨 뒤 만능 시험기를 이용하여 전단결합강도를 측정하였다. SPSS Ver 12.0(SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA)을 사용하여 95% 유의수준에서 One way ANOVA test로 분석하였으며 Scheffe test로 사후검정 하였다. 연구결과, chemical polymerizing automixing 레진시멘트가 self-adhesive automixing 레진시멘트에 비해 상대적으로 높은 물리적 성질과 상아질에 대한 전단결합강도를 보였다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.464-469
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• 1997

The radiopacity of glass ionomer cements is quite variable. The use of a poorly radiopaque material as a base under other restorative materials can mislead the dentist to a diagnosis of recurrent decay. This study investigates the radiopacity of these materials and proposes a minimal radiopacity under which a material should not be used as a base or liner. It is important to determine the radiopacity of glass ionomer dental materials so that the clinician can appreciate the type of restorative materials used when radiographically evaluation the possibility of recurrent dental caries. In this study, radiopacity of Vitrement and Chemfil was compared with that of Cavalite, Miracle mix and polycarboxylate cement. Tooth model of artificial cavity preparation for diagnosis of recurrent caries was omitted. Radiopacity of each material was measured using relatives between thickness and radiopacity of Aluminium step wedge. The results were as follows : 1. Radiopacity of Vitrement was some higher than enamel. 2. Chemfil, restorative glass ionomer, was less radiopaque than enamel. 3. In order of higher radiopacity than enamel, Miracle mix was highest and was followed by polycarboxylate cement, Cavalite and Vitremer. 4. Vitremer, the Glass Ionomer Cement, is useful to detection of recurrent caries, because it is slightly higher radiopaque than enamel. So, it is suitable for restorative material and luting cement.