• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.631-638
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• 2009

GLEDITSIAE SPINA (GS) has been used as folk remedies traditionally for treatment of antiphlogistic and antifebrile agents. An ethanol extract and its fraction of GS were assessed to determine the mechanism of its antioxidant activity. Also, inhibitory effect of extract from GS and its fraction measuring the inhibitory effect on $Cu^{2+}$-induced human low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation. GS ethanol extract and its fraction exhibited a concentration-dependent reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) scavenging activities, including trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), OPPH radical, superoxide anion, hydroxyl radicals, peroxynitrite and nitric oxide, using different assay systems. Furthermore, the GS ethanol extract and its fraction showed dose-dependent protection of LDL oxidation induced by $CuSO_4$. In addition, the GS ethanol extract and its fraction were characterized as containing a high amount of total phenolics. These results suggest that GS ethanol extract and its fraction might be helpful for preventing oxidative stress and protecting LDL oxidation.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제5권8호
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• pp.1040-1044
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• 1995

Sm의 농도가 각각 0.3, 0.4, 0.6인 세종류인(YSmLuCa)$_3$(FeGe)$_{5}$ $O_{12}$ 가넷트 박막을 LPE법으로 비자성재료인 Gd$_3$Ga$_{5}$ $O_{12}$(GGG)기판상에 성장시켜, 버블 자성재료의 자기적 성질을 조사하였다. 공명폭 ΔH는 4$\pi$Ms의 증가에 따라 증가하였고 Sm 농도의 감소에 따라 감소한다. 수직 자기 이방성에너지 Ku는 Sm증가에 따라 증가하며 같은 Sm농도에서는 4$\pi$Ms의 증가에 따라 증가한다. 자벽 이동도는 4$\pi$Ms의 증가에 따라 증가하며 Sm의 증가에 따라 감소한다. Ms.ΔH의 곱이 일정한 사실로 부터 새로운 자기손실인자 Eι을 구할 수 있으며 이는 Sm의 농도에 의존한다.ι을 구할 수 있으며 이는 Sm의 농도에 의존한다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.235-240
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• 2015

Androgen receptor (AR) signaling is important for prostate cancer (PCa) cell proliferation. Here, we showed that proliferation of hormone-sensitive prostate cancer cells such as LNCaP was significantly enhanced by testosterone stimulation whereas hormone-insensitive prostate cancer cells such as PC3 and VCaP did not respond to testosterone stimulation. Blocking of AR using bicalutamide abolished testosterone-induced proliferation of LNCaP cells. In addition, knockdown of AR blocked testosterone-induced proliferation of LNCaP cells. Basal expression of low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6 (LRP6) was elevated in VCaP cells whereas stimulation of testosterone did not affect the expression of LRP6. However, expression of LRP6 in LNCaP cells was increased by testosterone stimulation. In addition, knockdown of LRP6 abrogated testosterone-induced proliferation of LNCaP cells. Given these results, we suggest that androgen-dependent expression of LRP6 plays a crucial role in hormone-sensitive prostate cancer cell proliferation.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.717-731
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• 2011

To clarify relationships between the abundance and biological characteristics of Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp., we analyzed spatiotemporal changes in fork length, body weight, and an index of relative abundance (catch per unit effort, CPUE) for pink salmon (O. gorbuscha), chum salmon (O. keta), and sockeye salmon (O. nerka) collected by research gill-nets from the T/V Oshoro-maru and the T/V Hokusei-maru of Hokkaido University in the North Pacific during 1953-2007. Populations of each species were distributed throughout the western Bering Sea, eastern Bering Sea (EB), western North Pacific (WNP), central North Pacific (CNP), eastern North Pacific (ENP), and Okhotsk Sea. Since 1970, the average body size of chum salmon at ocean ages 0.3-0.4 has generally declined in the WNP and CNP. However, the average body sizes of sockeye and pink salmon have not shown temporal changes. Chum salmon showed significant negative (positive) correlations between CPUE and body size for populations in CNP (ENP) at ocean ages 0.2-0.3 (age 0.1) for both sexes. In general, sockeye salmon also showed significant negative (positive) correlations between CPUE and body size for populations in the EB at ocean ages X.2-X.3 (age X.1) for both sexes, except in CNP at age 2. Our results suggest that better growth by chum and sockeye salmon in the early periods of their ocean life histories might produce higher abundance. This higher abundance, which might also be affected by overlapping distributions among Pacific salmon species and populations in certain seas, in turn appears to cause density-dependent declines in growth in the following ocean life history period due to the limited carrying capacity of the seas. To understand complex dynamics in Pacific salmon species in the North Pacific Ocean, research on interactions among species and populations is needed.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.159-166
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• 2005

Ginsenosides, a group of Panax ginseng saponins, exert the lowering effects of plasma cholesterol levels in animals. We had reported earlier that ginsenoside Rb2 upregulate low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) expression via a mechanism that is dependent of the activation of sterol response element binding protein 2 (SREBP-2) expression. This study was conducted to determine the effects of ginsenoside Rb2 on the expression of the hepatic LDLR expression at cellular levels using HepG2 cells, and to evaluate whether the sterol response element binding protein 1 (SREBP-l) was involved in the regulation of LDLR expression. Incubation of HepG2 cells in serum-free medium supplemented with cholesterol $(10{\mu}g/ml)$ for 8 hours decreased the mRNAs of LDLR mRNA by $12\%$ and SREBP-l mRNA by $35\%$. Ginsenoside Rb2 antagonized the repressive effects of cholesterol and increased both LDLR and SREBP-l mRNA expression to 1.5- and 2-fold, respectively. Furthermore, Western blot and confocal microscopic analyses with SREBP-l polyclonal antibody revealed that ginsenoside Rb2 enhanced the maturation of the SREBP-1 from the inactive precursor form in ER membrane to the active transcription factor form in nucleus. These results suggest that ginsenoside Rb2 upregulates LDLR expression via a mechanism that is dependent of the activation of not only SREBP-2 expression, but also SREBP-1 expression and maturation, and also indicate that the pharmacological value of ginsenoside Rb2 may be distinguished from that of lovastatin which is reported that it upregulate LDLR through SREBP-2 only, not through SREBP-1.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.48-58
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• 2002

This study was carried out through scanning electron microscopy to elucidate the mechanism of thickness swelling in wood particle-polypropylene composite which is a typical way of using wood and plastic materials. For this purpose, control particleboards and nonwoven web composites from wood particle and polypropylene fiber formulations of 100:0, 70:30, 60:40, and 50:50 were manufactured at target density levels of 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, and 0.8 g/cm³. Their water absorption and thickness swelling were tested according to ASTMD 1037-93 (1995). To elucidate thickness swelling mechanism of composite through the observation of morphological change of internal structures, the specimens before and after thickness swelling test by 24-hour immersion in water were used in scanning electron microscopy. From the scanning electron microscopy, thickness swelling of composite was thought to be caused by the complicated factors of degree of built-up internal stresses by mat compression and/or amount of wood particles encapsulated with molten polypropylene fibers during hot pressing. In the composites with wood particle contents of 50 to 60% at target densities of 0.5 to 0.8 g/cm³ and with wood particle content of 70% at target densities of 0.5 to 0.7 g/cm³, thickness swellings seemed to be largely dependent upon the restricted water uptake by encapsulated wood particles with molten polypropylene fibers. Thickness swelling in the composite with wood particle content of 70% at target density of 0.8 g/cm³, however, was thought to be principally dependent upon the increased springback phenomenon by built-up internal stresses of compressed mat.

• 반도체디스플레이기술학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.53-58
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• 2022

Shape changes of hard mask play a key role in the aspect ratio dependent etch (ARDE). For etch process using high density and energy ions, deformation of hard mask shape becomes more severe, and high aspect ratio (HAR) etch profile is distorted. In this study, polygonal geometric model for shape-deformation of amorphous carbon layered hard mask is suggested to control etch profile during the process. Mask shape is modeled with polygonal geometry consisting of trapezoids and rectangles, and it provides dynamic information about angles of facets and etched width and height of remained mask shape, providing important features for real-time HAR etch profiling.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제37권2_spc호
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• pp.337-345
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• 2024

Ruminants possess a specialized four-compartment forestomach, consisting of the reticulum, rumen, omasum, and abomasum. The rumen, the primary fermentative chamber, harbours a dynamic ecosystem comprising bacteria, protozoa, fungi, archaea, and bacteriophages. These microorganisms engage in diverse ecological interactions within the rumen microbiome, primarily benefiting the host animal by deriving energy from plant material breakdown. These interactions encompass symbiosis, such as mutualism and commensalism, as well as parasitism, predation, and competition. These ecological interactions are dependent on many factors, including the production of diverse molecules, such as those involved in quorum sensing (QS). QS is a density-dependent signalling mechanism involving the release of autoinducer (AIs) compounds, when cell density increases AIs bind to receptors causing the altered expression of certain genes. These AIs are classified as mainly being N-acyl-homoserine lactones (AHL; commonly used by Gram-negative bacteria) or autoinducer-2 based systems (AI-2; used by Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria); although other less common AI systems exist. Most of our understanding of QS at a gene-level comes from pure culture in vitro studies using bacterial pathogens, with much being unknown on a commensal bacterial and ecosystem level, especially in the context of the rumen microbiome. A small number of studies have explored QS in the rumen using 'omic' technologies, revealing a prevalence of AI-2 QS systems among rumen bacteria. Nevertheless, the implications of these signalling systems on gene regulation, rumen ecology, and ruminant characteristics are largely uncharted territory. Metatranscriptome data tracking the colonization of perennial ryegrass by rumen microbes suggest that these chemicals may influence transitions in bacterial diversity during colonization. The likelihood of undiscovered chemicals within the rumen microbial arsenal is high, with the identified chemicals representing only the tip of the iceberg. A comprehensive grasp of rumen microbial chemical signalling is crucial for addressing the challenges of food security and climate targets.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.510-515
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• 2011

개에서 컴퓨터단층촬영술을 이용하여, 촬영 자세에 따른 정상 폐의 용적과 밀도를 정량적으로 평가하였다. 각각 6 마리의 페키니즈견과 말티즈견에서 컴퓨터단층촬영을 실시하면서 자세를 앙와위, 좌측과 우측 횡와위, 그리고 흉와위로 변경하였다. 컴퓨터단층촬영을 실시하는 동안 일정한 정도의 양압환기를 실시하였다. 폐용적과 밀도는 CT 영상의 삼차원 재구성 방식을 통해 측정하였고, 전체 폐용적 및 밀도, 좌측과 우측 폐의 용적과 밀도를 각각 측정하였다. 삼차원 재구성 결과 폐의 모양은 두 품종견에서 매우 다르게 나타났다. 폐용적과 밀도는 촬영 자세를 변경하는 동안 두 품종견에서 모두 유의적인 변화를 보이지 않았다. 오른쪽 폐용적이 왼쪽 폐에 비해 유의적으로 약 $66.91{\pm}25.1$ ml 만큼 컸다. 페키니즈 견과 말티즈 견의 체중 차이가 유의적이었으며, 체중과 흉와위로 촬영한 폐용적 간에 선형관계가 관찰되었다. 좌우측 횡와위 촬영에서 중력의 영향을 받는 쪽의 폐는 반대쪽 폐에 비해 밀도는 높고 용적은 감소되었다. 컴퓨터단층촬영으로 측정한 전체 폐용적은 폐밀도와 관련이 있었으며, 폐밀도가 정상 폐용적을 유추하는데 유용하게 사용될 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국인쇄학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.65-75
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• 2005

An accurate characterization of the display device is essential for better color matching. The calibration and characterization process in display device is needed to transform the device dependent color to the device independent color. The process of characterization performs a linearization and transforms the linearized values into the CIE XYZ tristimulus values. The purposes of this paper is to propose optimal color transformation method for accurate reproduction of original copy in display device and to explain the propriety of transformation method using specific variable for the power of gradation expression.