• Atmosphere
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.169-181
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• 2020

We conducted a study on the impact of observation station density; this was done in order to enable the accurate estimation of spatial meteorological variables. The purpose of this study is to help operate an efficient observation network by examining distributions of temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed in a test area of a three-dimensional meteorological observation project in the Yeongdong region in 2019. For our analysis, we grouped the observation stations as follows: 41 stations (for Step 4), 34 stations (for Step 3), 17 stations (for Step 2), and 10 stations (for Step 1). Grid values were interpolated using the kriging method. We compared the spatial accuracy of the estimated meteorological grid by using station density. The effect of increased observation network density varied and was dependent on meteorological variables and weather conditions. The temperature is sufficient for the current weather observation network (featuring an average distance about 9.30 km between stations), and the relative humidity is sufficient when the average distance between stations is about 5.04 km. However, it is recommended that all observation networks, with an average distance of approximately 4.59 km between stations, be utilized for monitoring wind speed. In addition, this also enables the operation of an effective observation network through the classification of outliers.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.105-110
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• 2014

The aim of this work was to investigate the effects of electrodeposition conditions on the microstructural characteristics of copper thin films. The microstructure of electroplated Cu films was found to be highly dependent on electrodeposition conditions such as system current and current density, as well as the bath solution itself. The current density significantly changed the preferred orientation of electroplated Cu films in a DC system, while the solution itself had very significant effects on microstructural characteristics in a pulse-reverse pulse current system. In the DC system, polarization at high current above 30 mA, changed the preferred orientation of Cu films from (220) to (111). However, Cu films showed (220) preferred orientation for all ranges of current density in the pulse-reverse pulse current system. The grain size decreased with increasing current density in the DC system while it remained relatively constant in the pulse-reverse pulse current system. The sheet resistance increased with increasing current density in the DC system due to the decreased grain size.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.22 no.12
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• pp.1712-1717
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• 2012

Oxidation of low density lipoprotein (LDL) plays an important role in the development and progression of atherosclerotic disease. In this study, human LDL was isolated and oxidized using $CuSO_4$ in the presence or absence of S-allylmercaptocysteine. Oxidative modification of the LDL fraction was monitored by both the appearance of thiobarbituric acid substances (TBARS), an increase in electrophoretic mobility, and conjugated diene formation. The addition of S-allylmercaptocysteine reduced lipid peroxide formation, indicating it to be an effective antioxidant. The inhibition of LDL oxidation by $5{\sim}20{\mu}g/ml$ S-allylmercaptocysteine occurred in a dose-dependent manner, as assessed by the TBARS assay. S-allylmercaptocysteine at $20{\mu}g/ml$ almost completely inhibited the $Cu^{2+}$ induced increases in electrophoretic mobility of LDL and almost completely inhibited conjugated diene formation. A more potent antioxidative activity was observed for S-allylmercaptocysteine than for either Vitamin C or $d{\ell}-{\alpha}$-tocopherol. Thus, S-allylmercaptocysteine aid in preventing the development and progression of atherosclerotic disease.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.137-144
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• 2024

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the significance of independent variables in estimating crack density using machine learning algorithms. The algorithms used were random forest and SHAP, with the independent variables being compressional wave velocity, shear wave velocity, porosity, and Poisson's ratio. Rock samples were collected from construction sites and processed into cylindrical forms to facilitate the acquisition of each input property. Artificial weathering was conducted twelve times to obtain values for both independent and dependent variables with multiple features. The application of the two algorithms revealed that porosity is a crucial independent variable in estimating crack density, whereas shear wave velocity has a relatively low impact. These results suggested that the four physical properties set as independent variables were sufficient for estimating crack density. Additionally, they presented a methodology for verifying the appropriateness of the independent variables using algorithms such as random forest and SHAP.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.379-393
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• 2006

Objectives: We are aimed to identify anti-tumor effects of Curcuma aromatics on some kinds of cancer cells through molecular biologic methods. Materials & Methods: We used 4 kinds of cancer cell lines such as lung cancer cells(AS49), cervical cancer cells(HeLa), glioma cancer cells(A172) and prostate cancer cells(PC3). We treated the boiled extract of Curcuma aromatica $5{\mu}g,\;10{\mu}g$ to cultural media(ml) for 24 hours. We measured the cytotoxicitv on 4 kinds of cancer cells through tryphan blue exclusion test and the suppressive effect on viability of 4 kinds of cancer cells via MTT assay. We measured change of mitochondria membrane potential via flow cytometry. The quantitative RT-PCR was used to examine the effect on the revelation of Bcl-2 and Bax which are genes related to apoptosis. We examined the effect on the revelation of Bcl-2 Protein and Bar protein by western blot analysis. Results : In the experiment of tryphan blue exclusion test, the extract of Curcuma aromatica showed more significant killing effect on AS49, HeLa than the control group with density dependent manner, which was statistically significant. In the experiment of MTT assay the extract of Curcuma aromatica showed more suppressive effect on viability of A549, HeLa than the control group with density dependent manner, which was statistically significant. Curcuma aromatica induced apoptosis by decreasing the membrane potential of mitochondria in A549, HeLa. In the experiment of the revelation of genes related to apoptosis, the revelation of Bcl-2 decreased and the revelation of Bax increased in A549, HeLa treated with Curcuma aromatica with dose dependent manner. In the experiment of the revelation of protein related to apoptosis, the protein levels of Bcl-2 decreased and the protein levels of Bax increased in AS49, HeLa treated with Curcuma aromatica with dose dependent manner. Conclusions: From this study, we can infer that Curcuma aromatica has anti-tumor effect on lung cancer cells and uterine carcinoma cells but not on glioma cells and prostate cancer cells.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.423-429
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• 2001

Prediction of the variation in annual biomass was conducted for the white croaker. Argyrosomus argentatus in Korean waters using leslie Matrix, based upon fishery data for the past 21 years and biological data, We used density-independent and density-dependent Leslie Matrix models. Similar parameters were estimated from two models except that the density-dependent model was influenced by the density effect variable, q(i,t), The eigenvalue of the white croaker population for the $1984\~1995$ period was estimated to be 0.8, indicating a declining pattern of the population. The survival rate of 0-th year class was calculated to be 0.00005. Based on the schedule of the age-specific survival rate and fecundity, the future biomass and catch was predicted for various levels of fishing mortalities (F), If F was set at 0.252/yr ($F_{35x}$) or 0.368/yr ($F_{0.1}$), the biomass and catch increased, and if F was set at 0.922 ($F_{current}$), the biomass and catch decreased, The fishing mortality at equilibrium was estimated to be 0.7/yr. Finally, the management strategy of the white croaker was discussed.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.182-192
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• 2013

Numerous root-associated bacteria (rhizobacteria) are known to elicit induced systemic resistance (ISR) in plants. Bacterial cell-density-dependent quorum sensing (QS) is thought to be important for ISR. Here, we investigated the role of QS in the ISR elicited by the rhizobacterium, Serratia marcescens strain 90-166, in tobacco. Since S. marcescens 90-166 produces at least three QS signals, QS-mediated ISR in strain 90-166 has been difficult to understand. Therefore, we investigated the ISR capacity of two transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) plants that contained either bacterial acylhomoserine lactone-producing (AHL) or -degrading (AiiA) genes in conjunction with S. marcescens 90-166 to induce resistance against bacterial and viral pathogens. Root application of S. marcescens 90-166 increased ISR to the bacterial pathogens, Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum and Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci, in AHL plants and decreased ISR in AiiA plants. In contrast, ISR to Cucumber mosaic virus was reduced in AHL plants treated with S. marcescens 90-166 but enhanced in AiiA plants. Taken together, these data indicate that QS-dependent ISR is elicited by S. marcescens 90-166 in a pathogen-dependent manner. This study provides insight into QS-dependent ISR in tobacco elicited by S. marcescens 90-166.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.1-13
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• 2009

Objectives : The glial cell, located in between the blood vessel and nerve cell, takes charge of the cell support, nutrition supply, elimination of body waste, and cell action. GagamSohabhwangwon(GGSH), a chinese traditional medicinal prescription has been used orally for the treatment of seizures, infantile, convulsion, stroke and so forth. This paper examines the effect of the GagamSohabhwangwon(GGSH) essential oil on cell activity and anti oxidation. Methods : MTT assay methods were employed to measure the cell activity based on the amount of the GagamSohabhwangwon(GGSH) essential oil by using primarily cultivated glial cell. In addition, this paper measured a viability of the glial cell after a protein active retarder control to confirm the multiplication of the cell and examined the cell extinction by the active oxygen, an extinction shielding effect with different amount of the GagamSohabhwangwon(GGSH) essential oil to observe anti oxidation. Furthermore, this paper measured a viability of the cell and phosphorylation(phosphorylation) of the protein which affects the multiplication of the glial cell. Results : When controlling the amount of the GagamSohabhwangwon(GGSH), there was a multiplication effect of the primary glial cell, the multiplication of the cell was dependent on the density of the GagamSohabhwangwon. The multiplication power of the primary glial cell was suppressed by PKA inhibiter (H89). In compliance with the active oxygen the extinction of the primary glial cell was dependent on the density of the GagamSohabhwangwon, there was a shielding effect of the cell extinction when GagamSohabhwangwon(GGSH) was preprocessed. When inducing the multiplication of the primary glial cell, phosphorylation of the Akt, BDNF, CREB, ERK and ERM were increased. Conclusions: Based on the results, GagamSohabhwangwon essential oil will have the effect which activates the nervous system cell and protects the cell through anti oxidation.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.23-32
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• 2005

A change of z-directional structural and surface properties by calendering has a great influence on liquid penetration into a sheet. It could be also important for multi-ply sheet because it contacts liquid dunhg coating or converting process. Therefore, this study was aimed to evaluate of a change of z-directional structure in multi-ply sheet by calendering. To do this, multi-ply sheets were prepared with various raw materials and calendered at the different pressure and temperature conditions. In multi-ply sheet which consisted of one kind of pulp fiber, thickness reductions were higher in top and bottom plies than in middle plies. And in the case of soft nip calender treatment with high temperature, top layer which was in contact with heating roll showed the highest reduction of thickness. Hard nip calender treatment showed U-shaped density profile in z-direction, but compression profile by SNC treatment was dependent on calendering condition. To examine z-directional structure of multi-ply sheet which was composed of different raw material for each layer, CLSM (Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy) analyses were carried out on cross direction of sheet. It turned out to be a useful tool for investigating z-directional analysis. As a result, variation of thickness reduction in z-direction is dependent on ply structure, compressibility of pulp fiber, and calendering condition.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.597-608
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• 2014

It is widely assumed that climate change and other anthropogenically driven processes are having a serious impact on coastal environments. One such impact is saltwater intrusion into coastal aquifers, which has resulted in the loss of groundwater resources. The pattern of saltwater intrusion is strongly dependent on regional hydrogeological characteristics. This study reviews recent qualitative and quantitative research into this problem, and considers relevant case studies. In addition, the characteristics of the aquifers from two representative volcanic islands (Jeju Island, Korea and Oahu Island, USA) are compared. The fundamental theory of density-dependent flow used to model saltwater intrusion processes and the programs that are widely used to simulate saltwater intrusion based on density-driven problems are also investigated. It is expected that the knowledge gained from this review of previous studies can be used to help improve groundwater management practices in Korea and also to inform future interdisciplinary studies.