• Korean Journal of English Language and Linguistics
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.101-117
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• 2001

In English, whether or not wh-movement creates weak crossover effects depends upon the type of wh-phrases that cross over. A bare interrogative like who shows a typical weak crossover effect whereas which N type (e.g. which girl) and partitive type (e.g. which of these girls) wh-phrases would show mere weaker and weakest crossover effects, respectively. Previous approaches to English crossover phenomena that resort to a binary notion of specificity or D-linking cannot account for the three-way contrast the three different types of wh-phrases show. To overcome this problem, I argue in this paper that specificity should be a non-binary set-theoretic notion and propose the following subset principle and optimal binding relation: Between two lexical nominal expressions A and B, A is regarded as more specific than B iff the denotation of A comes from a more narrowly defined non-singleton set than B. Between two lexical nominal expressions A and B, if A locally binds B, then the non-singleton set from which the denotation of A comes should be a subset of the set from which the denotation of B comes (i.e. B cannot be more specific than A). The smaller the subset (i.e. the wider the specificity gap between binder and binder), the more optimal the local binding relation is. A locally binds B iff A is coindexed with B, and A c-commands B, and there is no such C that does not bind A but binds B. Finally, I show that partitivity functions to carve out a smaller subset and thus make partitive wh-phrases more specific than simple which N type wh-phrases.

• Language and Information
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.79-92
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• 2011

Some terms related to "meaning" in semantics are reviewed, particularly those used in Lyons' famous semantics book Semantics 1 and Semantics 2 (Cambridge University Press, 1977). Since Lyons' book is so comprehensive that the semantic terms used in that book cover almost every important notions/terms used in contemporary semantics. With relevant interpretation of the terms, we suggest most appropriate Korean translations, trying to give different translations for different English terms. Terms covered include: 'signify, signification; reference/refer/referent, sense; denotation/denote, connotation/connote; extension, intension; implication/imply, implicature/implicate, entailment/entail; designate, demonstrate/demonstrative'.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.68-86
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• 2015

Future wireless network aims to integrate different radio access networks (RANs) to provide a seamless access and service continuity. In this paper, a new resource denotation method is proposed in the WLAN and LTE heterogeneous networks based on a concept of spectral bandwidth mapping. This method simplifies the denotation of system resources and makes it possible to calculate system residual capacity, upon which an economic model-based network selection algorithm is designed in both under-loaded and over-loaded scenarios in the heterogeneous networks. The simulation results show that this algorithm achieves better performance than the utility function-based access selection (UFAS) method proposed in [12] in increasing system capacity and system revenue, achieving load balancing and reducing the new call blocking probability in the heterogeneous networks.

• Language and Information
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.111-125
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• 2016

In this paper I argue that the subject in a Korean kes-cleft construction denotes the discourse referent that stands for the entity that satisfies the description of the cleft clause. This denotation thereby can be understood as a meta-linguistic referent which refers to the linguistic expression for a presupposed entity. In support of this claim, it is shown an anaphoric expression kekes also can be analyzed as a meta-linguistic referent. This analysis can explain why the subject and the predicate of a kes-cleft in Korean allow animacy crash.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.111-124
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• 2009

Since the graphics of fashion items as a means to deliver messages suggest practical sections of the society while showing individual ideas and identity, they have values of promotion to attract attention by manifesting an effective function during the process of delivering intentions and the signification. Accordingly, this study aims to investigate the characteristics expressed with graphics shown on T-shirts of casual wear out of all the fashion items and analyze the social messages reflected on them. Using the Barthes' system of denotation and connotation, distinguished symbolic functions and meaning among graphics were analyzed through the analysis of expression methods of the graphics as the denotation of initial meaning and connotation of secondary meaning. Each casual brand has led the sale of casual markets by appealing consumers with graphic items with characters printed such as various kinds of animals and symbols or lettering printed such as hieroglyph and logos, as various expressive methods and social significance as well as a effective communicative means of graphics. As examined above, graphics expressed on fashion items have an informative characteristic and a persuasive characteristic in the aspect of contents, which has a single value as a communicative characteristic. Those characteristics have developed into the fashion graphic actively reflecting a designer's conviction, values, feelings and identity by acting on social issues and publicness. That is, in the age of information, effective messages delivered through the fashion graphic to the public have contributed to the establishment of an appropriate atmosphere of visual culture while maximizing the role and function as a social significance.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.14 no.11
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• pp.575-583
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• 2014

Roland Barthes views a myth as a chain of connotative concepts that are mutually connected. For him, a myth appears through a chain connotation that is mutually related, due to the first-stage signification system. In other words, the connotation of a particular scene is already inherent in a culture in the form of social convention or social values before it is made. In the case of Disney animation, as mentioned Barthes, it has also two layers of denotation and connotation for signification. However, Disney animation shows the tendency that seek the denotative representation and the direct communication, based on the typified character, to the representation and delivery of the myth that is inherent. Therefore, the tendency of denotative signification is seen Disney animation can be said as a branch of research methodology for the approach to the aesthetics of Disney animation.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.127-132
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• 2015

In order to grasp the clear concepts and variables to treat Shanghan diseases which has complex meaning by each medical literature, several concepts and analytic method of structuralism from early to late stage encompassing Saussure and Derrida were used. Main concepts are langue and parole, signifiant and signifie, syntagme and paradigme, denotation and connotation, synchronie and diachronie, identity of structure and differance etc. and methods are substituting these concepts to historical Shanghan theories from Zhongjing to Ming-Qing dynasty and comparisons of synchronie about their era. Essential qualities of Shanghan diseases are pathologic phenomena under the order of unification of nature and man formed through concrescence between individual human body and geo-climatico-socio-cultural environmental conditions, neither injuries by cold pathogen nor five types of exopathogenic febrile diseases. The former environmental elements can be inferred from general traits of desires and public pathological aspects of social members, and the latter personal factors from corresponding features to those pathogenic variables. In addition, the concepts of Shanghan disease are added successively up to now via Jin-Yuan's four great masters and Wenbing masters, and thus the new concepts of denotation became another connotation obtaining new signifiant. In this way, for the treatment of Shanghan diseases, new theories should be made for ranging prescription over the wenbing field; reflecting not only climatical variables but also each patient's physio-pathological features and sociocultural variables. Thereby an appropriate and reasonable therapeutical systems can be designed and can guide research direction hereafter.

• Journal of Science of Art and Design
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• v.3
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• pp.225-247
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• 2001

The analysis of art work that is objective and theoretical needs the help of the cognitive psychology, for the pictorial semiotics requires psychology. The first step to the analysis of art work is about the visual elements and their relations. But the semiotics is lack of the method of the analysis of art work and the some authors don't have treated or been interested in psychological analysis. The main problem of visual semiotics is the density of pictorial representation. It makes the semantic of art work impossible at the very early process of analysis. But the density is not only a matter of visual representation, verbal language also has this problem. The point is that art work functions more art than denotation, but verbal language does more denotation than art. This difference makes difficult to apply the method of language or semiotics to visual art. The possibility of pictorial syntax or perceptual semantics should begin considering the unification of perception and semantics. In principles these two field can be unified. At atomism and holism these are parallel. Therefore perceptual semantics is possible The cognitive psychology can help to formulation of perceptual semantics. At first, the visual representation is incremental and it can be divided at three steps. In these steps each sensation, perception and cognition level has their own role. Perceptual representation of art work should be specified at these three levels. And each of these levels, the special properties of art work should be drawn and examined in the possibility of semiotics. The investigation of psychological levels and semiotic level should be circulated. It will help to formulate the method of analysis of art work.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.31-46
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• 1995

According to the Fregean theory of meaning based on the distinction between sense and reference,the cognitive significance of coreferential names may be distinct or The so-called direct reference theorists. however,claim that unamhbiguous,coreferential names.which have the same denotation from context to context, must have the same cognitive significance.Thereby,Fregean senses,counted as intermediate entities that determine the denotation of a term,are altogether rejected.Once Fregean senses are rejected.however,it is hard to explain why the substitytivity of coreferential names fails in the contexts of propositional attitudes.Thus,the puzzles of propositional attitudes have been the stumbling block for direct reference theorists. Recently, Zalta claimed that by small amendation it is possible to reconcile the conflicting views of Fregeans and the direct reference theorists without losing their important insights.Indeed, he claimed that his suggestion admirably solves the propositional puzzles.In this article,we shall critically examine his eclectic solution only to highlight some of the more basic issues.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.701-710
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• 2014

The analysis on the characteristics of the signification system of Japanese feature-length animations that this essay centrally deals with eventually examines the characteristics of representation and communication in Japanese feature-length animations. In general, most animation works focusing on characters and stories contain the signification systems related to 'denotation' and connotation.' However, tendency of the aesthetic representation and communication that appears differently, depending on the characteristics of the signification system that each animation work pursues. From this point of view, Japanese feature-length animation emphasizes connotative signification system and aesthetic representation, unlike Disney animation that strongly shows the tendency that makes the audience directly immersed in the theme and message of the work conveyed further in the myths by pursuing denotative signification system. And, in the case of Japanese feature-length animation, the 'dissenting and arbitrary interpretation' of the theme, the message that the animation work intends to convey and myths pursued is bound to appear diversely, depending on the audience's experiences and cultural and social backgrounds.