• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.11 no.3 s.26
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• pp.151-165
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• 2005

The current study aims to help field managers of companies providing foodservice for institutions to establish the more appropriate cost management strategy by analyzing the cost structure of foodservice center in institutions by operating types and the number of people served. From the result analyzing 161 foodservice centers, the number of factories was highest with 39.8% while offices 26.7%, schools 20.5%, and hospitals 13%. In terms of the number of people served, below 500 persons was 27.6%, 501${\sim}$l,000 persons was 23.9%, 1,001${\sim}$2,000 persons was 22.7%, and over 2,001 persons was 25%. In the demographic characteristics of managers, women occupied over 92%. The reason for this is usually dieticians perform management duties. For the age of workers, 70.8% were older than 40s, which ran become the cause of a rise in cost by causing the decrease of productivity by aging. Therefore, appropriate countermeasures are required. In case of workers in production, women occupy 962 persons (82.2%) rating absolute majority like mangers. This is because cooks are in charge of almost every producing activity of meal facilities. In addition, more than 72.9% of workers in production were over 40 years old, which requires diversified studies to promote efficiency of production associated with the aging problem. In proportion of sales compared with cost material cost presented the highest percentage with 54.5% while labor cost 28.3%, general expenses 9.6% and business profit 7.6%.

• The Korean Journal of Health Service Management
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.127-136
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• 2019

Objectives: This study examined the determinants of quality of life, depending on the presence or absence of asthma in adults, based on secondary wave data. Methods: Among the 21,724 people participating in the 6th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey as it was conducted from the first to third period, 495 participants who were aged 19 or older and responded to the question of the presence or absence of asthma were included in the final analysis. Demographic characteristics were examined using the SPSS/WIN 23.0 software tool for analysis of complex sample survey data. Health-related characteristics were presented using descriptive and multivariate analysis of data. Rao_Scott ${\chi}^2$ was used for the analysis of differences in quality of life, and multiple regression analysis of complex sample survey data was used to analyze factors affecting quality of life. Results: The variable factors negatively influencing quality of life were aging, cognition of their ill health, and limited activities. Conclusions: Based on the analysis, the study suggests that practical and ongoing nursing intervention proposals to improve the quality of life of asthmatic patients should be implemented not only for physical limitations and aging but also for psychological factors that reflect subjective health statuses.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.245-253
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• 2012

Background: Prevalence of chronic pain and its association with demographic characteristics have been reported by different studies from different geographical regions in the world. However, data from many Middle East countries including Iran (especially southern Iran) are scare. The aim of the present study was to demonstrate the prevalence of chronic pain and its association with demographic, psychological and socioeconomic factors in an Iranian population. Methods: In this population-based survey, the target population was comprised of subjects aged 20 to 85 years residing in Jahrom, southern Iran during 2009-2011. All eligible subjects were invited to participate in the study. Before a detailed questionnaire was given; face to face interviews were done for each individual. Results: There were 719 men and 874 women with an average age of 40.5 years at the onset of the study. Among the study population, 38.9% (620/1,593) complained of chronic pain, of whom 40.8% (253/620) were men and 59.2% (367/620) were women. Foot and joint pain were observed in 31.9%. Hip and spine pain, migraine and tension headaches, heart pain, and abdomen pain were observed in 21.5%, 15.5%, 9.5%, and 8.0% of chronic pain cases, respectively. There was a significant association among the covariables age, sex, overweight, educational level, income, and type of employment with chronic pain as the dependent variable (P < 0.0001). Conclusions: Our findings show the prevalence of chronic pain and its association with demographic, psychological and socioeconomic factors. Individuals with low incomes and less education became accustomed to pain due to a lack of knowledge.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.28-37
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• 2015

Objectives: Among the Korean elderly (those 65 years of age and older), the suicide rate is 80.3/100 000 people, which is ten times higher than the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development average. Because South Korea is rapidly becoming an aging population, this high elderly suicidal rate will only get worse. Although the size of the elderly suicide problem is quite large, previous research in South Korea has surveyed restricted areas and not the entire country. Even though the factors that affect elderly suicide are complicated, there has been little research into these influencing factors. Thus, this research uses the national survey data (Community Health Survey) that was obtained in 2009. Additionally, we analyze factors affecting elderly suicidal ideation and attempts as well as the paths of these effects. Methods: Community Health Survey data obtained by the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in 2009 was used for this study. We additionally examined the factors that affect suicide with chi-squared tests, t-tests, Pearson's correlation test, and path analysis. Results: Depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation are the only factors that directly affect suicidal attempts. Demographic, behavioral, and physical activity factors have indirect effects on suicidal attempts. Conclusions: Depression has the strongest influence on suicidal ideation and attempts. Demographic, behavioral, and physical activity factors affect suicidal attempts mostly through depressive symptoms. In addition, there is a path that suggests that demographic, behavioral, and physical activity factors affect suicidal attempts not through depression symptoms but only through suicidal ideation. This means that the elderly who do not have depression symptoms attempt suicide according to their own situations and characteristics.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2020

Given that the demand for dental care for elderly individuals is expected to increase according to demographic changes, long-term roadmaps for the current health insurance system should be actively planned. The study aimed to investigate the health insurance system in Korea, compared to that of Japan, and suggest directions for the work of dental hygienists to provide basic data on efficient improvements in the health insurance system. Based on the collected data, the website was used to collect additional related data from Korea and Japan. The most common cause of death in Korea was malignant neoplasms, and most patients were hospitalized for diseases and disorders of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue. Dental care covered by Korean medical insurance for individuals aged 65 years or older was treatment oriented, such as dentures and implants, while in Japan, treatment-intensive items, such as visiting a dental hygienist for guidance and provision of home-care professional oral hygiene treatment, were covered. The percentages of remaining teeth in Korea and the percentage of remaining 20 teeth were 68.9% in those aged 65 to 74 years and 51.2% in those aged 75 to 84 years in Japan. A strategy for promoting oral health among elderly individuals should be established, and a multilateral intervention approach is required to prevent oral problems from leading to deterioration of whole-body health. The role of dental hygienists in providing comprehensive assessment to elderly individuals is important. In order to provide systemic oral care, it is necessary to introduce oral care systems according to the national policy.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.53-66
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• 1986

This study was carried out to determine the mortality level and it's related demographic factors in Korea since 1942. In order to clarify the changes in structure of mortality and the causes of death, the indices such as Crude Death Rate(CDR) or Life Expectancy at Birth were used. The author examined the mortality levels and major causes of death and performed the relevant demographic analysis. The followings are the summary of this study: 1. The CDR declined rapidly till 1960's. Such improvement slowed down from 1960's to mid 1970's and stabilized afterwards. It was due to the change of age composition, namely, the increase of aging population. 2. The Life Expectancy at Birth increased rapidly till mid 1960's. But elongation of the Life Expectancy slowed down after then. Especially in female, it slowed down more. 3. Changing patterns of major causes of death summarize that, till 1960's infectious diseases were major causes of death, but recently non-infectious diseases like chronic degenerative diseases became more prevalent. 4. The elongation of Life Expectancy at Birth till mid 1960's was mainly resulted by $_4{q}_1$. But the major contributing factor of the improvement in Life Expectancy at Birth in female is he reduction of $_$\infty${q}_{50}$ recently. In male, the improvement in Life Expectancy at Birth is due to the reduction of $_1{q}_0$. recently. 5. The age-sex-specific mortality rates revealed that $_n{q}_x$ declined in common throughout the period, even though there exists some variability of their ranges as age changes. Consequently, this study seems to suggest that the demographic transition in Korea occurred between late 1960's and early 1970's. In other words, the rapid change before late 1960's was eased in early 1970's. The slow change in this period caused a stabilizing pattern. Therefore, the population change is expected to be stabilized continuously.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.301-311
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• 2021

Background: This study purposed to analyze the relationship between the local extinction index and medical service uses of chronic diseases. The local extinction index is an indicator of the demographic structure and population aging of the region. Methods: The 2014-2018 statistics of National Health Insurance Corporation and Korean Statistical Information Service data were used for the analysis. First, descriptive statistics were used to analyze the general status of research variables. Second, a panel analysis was performed to analyze the relationship between the local extinction index and medical service uses of chronic diseases (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, periodontal disease, arthritis, mental health, epidemic disease, liver disease). Medical service uses were measured by the number of visits/inpatient days and medical charges of seven chronic diseases. Results: Panel analysis results showed that higher local extinction risks (meaning lower local extinction index) had a positive relationship with the number of visits/inpatient days and medical charges of chronic diseases. But the relationships were varied when the seven chronic diseases were analyzed separately. Conclusion: This study showed a significant relationship between the local demographic structure and medical service uses of chronic disease. Analyzing the local demographic structure will be an essential prerequisite step for implementing appropriate regional health care policies.

• 한국노년학
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.953-970
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• 2009

The successful aging paradigm suggests that the elderly keep their social ties and actively participate in various activities in later life. Many Korean studies on aging, however, have overlooked the importance of various social activities and relationships beyond kinship. This article aims to investigate the perceived social activities among Korean elders to comprehend the subjectivity of successful aging. 613 respondents, over 50 years old, are selected from a national survey data which was collected by face-to-face interview based on the structured questionnaire. The respondents are classified into pre old (50-64), young old (65-74), old old (over 75). Major findings are as follows. The social activities are grouped into two sub-categories: 'relational activity' and 'productive activity'. The activity types are different by the age cohorts. Various activities are considered in terms of one's needs or motivations, and properly chosen based on the subjective evaluation during life course. Both demographic variables such as sex, area and social context variables such as marital status, living-together show influence on the activity type choices. Plans for later life and work ethics are important as well. Policies regarding social participation emphasizing productivity should positively consider relational motives, as perceived by the Korean elderly.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.363-372
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• 2008

This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between the socio-demographic factors and the Korean consumers' palatability evaluation and to collect the sensory information for development of prediction palatability model of Hanwoo beef. Ten cuts [Abjin (short plate), Bosup (top sirloin), Cheggt (striploin), Dngsim (loin), Guri (chuck tender), Hongduke (eye of round), Moksim (chuck roll), Sulgit (bottom round), Udoon (top round), Yangji (brisket)] were separated from 5 Hanwoo steer beef (28-30 months old) and prepared with the same manner for 3 different cooking methods such as boiling, grilling, and roasting. The cooked beef samples were served to 650 consumers recruited from Seoul, Joongbu, Honam and Youngnam locations and evaluated as tenderness, juiciness, flavor, and overall acceptability. The consumer living location, age, gender, occupation, monthly income, and cut were significantly related with the scores of sensory properties when steer beef were cooked as boiling cooking (p<0.05). The eating habit and aging of beef were also significantly related with the tenderness and overall acceptability scores (p<0.01) when beef were cooked as boiled. In grill cooking, living location, aging, and cut had the significant effect on the sensory properties of Hanwoo steer beef (p<0.01). When steer beef were prepared by Korean traditional roast cooking, consumer's sensory scores were significantly different by the living location, age, occupation, monthly income, eating habit of consumers, aging and beef cut (p<0.001). Also, results from the principal component analysis showed that palatability scores of Korean consumers were decided with different contribution rate of tenderness, juiciness, flavor and overall acceptability for beef cut depending on cooking methods. In conclusion, Korean consumers' palatability for Hanwoo steer beef were related to the socio-demographic factors and the sensory scores were different by cut and cooking methods.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.352-358
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• 2020

Background: Korean society is afflicted with rapid aging. Aging is a risk factor for pain, and pain can reduce patients' quality of life. Thus, adequate management and monitoring of changing trends accompanying the demographic shift are highly valuable. However, this study was conducted because no studies have investigated the recent changes in the prevalence of pain. Methods: The extent of the prevalence of pain was determined by questions related to quality of life based on the data derived from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Survey (KNHNS) from 2005 to 2016. The annual frequencies of the pain group and severe pain group were calculated using the survey questionnaire. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to determine possible differences in prevalence by year. Results: The prevalence of pain in all populations was 30.6% in 2005 and 18.9% in 2016. The average prevalence from 2005 to 2016 was 21.9%. A declining trend occurred over time with an odds ratio of 0.929 per year (95% CI: 0.921-0.938). The prevalence of severe pain was 2.35% in 2005 and 1.88% in 2016. Likewise, a decrease was observed over time, with an odds ratio of 0.920 per year at 95% CI 0.901-0.939. The decline in age-/sex-stratified analysis also showed a statistically significant trend in all groups. Conclusions: The prevalence of pain in Korean society, based on the KNHNS, has declined since 2005. Such a trend was observed in all ages and sexs, and was most significant in the elderly.