• Title/Summary/Keyword: demand strength

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An exploratory study on factors related to types of never-married among adult men and women (성인 비혼 남녀의 비혼 유형 관련 요인 탐색 연구)

  • Kim, Ji-Yu;Cho, Hee-Sun
    • Journal of Family Relations
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    • v.23 no.3
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    • pp.201-228
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    • 2018
  • Objectives: The objectives of this study were to classify never-married types of adult men and women and explore factors related to these types. Never-married types were categorized into 4 types according to continuity and voluntariness: continuous voluntary type; changed voluntary type; continuous non-voluntary type; and changed non-voluntary type. Factors related to types of being single were examined in terms of socio-demographic factors, individual and psychological factors (self-esteem, depression), dating relationship factors (current relationship status), original family factors (parental conflict, relationship with parents, parents' demand for marriage), marriage related factors (division of roles after marriage), and occupation related factors (work values, employment instability). Method: As for research method, a survey was conducted with never-married adult men and women between the ages of 35 and 49 living in Seoul, Gyeonggi or Incheon areas. Of 300 copies of questionnaire distributed, data from 295 copies were processed using SPSS 24.0 program for multinomial logit analysis. Results: The study results showed that, of never-married men respondents, continuous voluntary type accounted for 20.5%; changed voluntary type 18.9%; continuous non-voluntary type 49.6%; and changed non-voluntary type 11.0%. It was found that the factors related to continuous non-voluntary type among never-married men are age, religion, average monthly income, while the factors related to changed voluntary type are religion, self-esteem, depression, and frequency and strength of parental conflict, while the factor related to changed non-voluntary type men was living with parents. Examining never-married women respondents, it was found that, continuous voluntary type accounted for 33.9%; changed non-voluntary type 19.6%; continuous non-voluntary type 22.6%; and changed voluntary type 23.8%. The factor related to continuous non-voluntary type among never-married women was parents' demand for marriage, while the factors related changed voluntary type were age, depression and strength of parental conflict. Also, the factors related to changed non-voluntary type of never-married women were age, religion, living with parents, depression and parents' demand for marriage. Conclusion: In conclusion, it was found that continuous non-voluntary type formed the largest group among never-married men, whereas continuous voluntary type was the majority in never-married women. Both never-married men and women chose to remain single when they are living with their parents and their parental conflict is intense. Parents' demand for marriage was related to women, but not to men.

Development of Nano Convergence Films Using a Roll-to-Roll Coating System

  • Hwang, Joong Kook;Chang, Sang-Mok;Shin, Hoon-Kyu
    • Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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    • v.17 no.3
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    • pp.168-171
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    • 2016
  • There has been growing interest and rapid development in transparent electrode films, which are flexible and light and used in mobile, simple information, and electronic devices, and based on recent advancements in nano technology, information technology, and display technology. In particular, studies on developing such films with both high conductivity and high transmittance of visible rays are highly in demand for commercialization. In this study, transparent electrode films were developed for IT using micro patterns that show sheet resistance less than 10 Ω/□, adhesive strength more than 98%, and light transmittance more than 90%. The results of applying a surface emission gradient minimization (Honey Comb) technology to the films was the verification of the sheet resistance, adhesive strength, and light transmittance satisfying the target level of this study through Imprinting and Remolding processes.

An Experimental Study on the Structural Behavior of Double-Angle Shear Connections in Steel Structures (강구조 복앵글 전단 접합부의 구조적 거동에 관한 실험적 연구)

  • Lee, Do-Hyung;Kim, Seok-Jung
    • Journal of Industrial Technology
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    • v.17
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    • pp.305-312
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    • 1997
  • Shear connections in steel structures should satisfy dual criteria of shear strength and rotational flexibility and ductility. The connection should be strong enough to transfer the shear reaction of the beam, and should have sufficient rotational flexibility and ductility to rotate easily and supply the end rotation demand of the beam. This paper is concerned with the behavior of double-angle shear connections where the parameters are numbers of high strength bolts, bolt pitch, the length of angle leg, and connection method. An experimental investigation of shear connection was conducted by testing 12 beam-to-column joint specimens. Based on experimental and analytical study, the failure modes are developed and proposed design formulas.

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Lime Treatment of Waterworks Sludges for Soil Cover in Municipal Landfilling Site (석회처리에 의한 정수 슬러지의 복토재 활용에 관한 연구)

  • Lim, Sung-Jin;Lee, Jae-Bok
    • Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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    • v.14 no.3
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    • pp.231-239
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    • 2000
  • Water treatment processes produce sludges resulting from water clarification. Sludge production amount increases each year and its treatment and disposal is growing to social problems according to water demand increase. Water treatment plant sludges can be modified to soil cover in sanitary landfill site through the lime treatment. Compression strength of $1.0kg/cm^2$ or more is recommended for soil cover material in municipal landfilling site. Compression and shear strength properties of modified sludges showed material property improvement applicable for soil cover alternatives. Solidification effect of the modified sludge was observed through the scanning electron microscope. Extraction tests for hazardous components in sludges revealed that extraction levels of cadmium, copper, and lead were below the regulated criteria. When adding 10% calcium hydroxide to water treatment plant sludges, the modified sludges can reach material properties for cover soil after 28 days solidification reaction.

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A Basic Study for Design and Analysis of the Green Wall System (Green Wall 시스템의 설계 및 해석을 위한 기초연구)

  • Park, Si-Sam;Kim, Jong-Min;Kim, Hong-Taek
    • Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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    • 2005.10a
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    • pp.681-688
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    • 2005
  • The Green Wall is the highest eco-system among a segmental retaining wall systems. Recently, the demand of high segmental retaining wall (SRW) is increased in domestic. The soil nailing system is applied in order to maintain the high SRW stability for steeper slope. However, the proper design approach that can consider the earth pressure reduction effects in soil nailing system has not been proposed. Hence, the purpose of this study was to provide the design and analysis technique of the segmental retaining wall reinforced by soil nailing. Also, in this study, various parametric studies using numerical method as shear strength reduction (SSR) technique were carried out. In the parametric study, the length ratio and the bond ratio of the soil nailing were changed to identify the earth pressure reduction effect of the retaining wall reinforced by soil nailing.

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A Study on the Application of SCS for the Surface Stabilization of Ultra-soft Ground (초연약지반 표층처리를 위한 SCS의 적용성 조사 연구)

  • Chun, Byung-Sik;Yang, Hyung-Chil;Yoo, Young-Nam
    • Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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    • 2005.10a
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    • pp.425-428
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    • 2005
  • To resolve land demand by the development of various industries and the cityward tendency of population, the construction of ultra-soft ground that is unused in the past has been progressing with activity. The ultra-soft ground has very small shear strength and large deformation, so leads to many problems in ground improvement in construction. In order to dispose of these problems, it is necessary to develope the chemical materials that can be applied to the surface stabilization of ultra-soft ground. In this study, the new ground treatment that is using cement and SCS is compared, analyzed with existing ground treatment. In addition, through the laboratory tests that check the characteristic of congealment and strength, the application of SCS in field is affirmed.

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A Study on Quality Characteristic of PC Concrete According to the Accelerated Curing Conditions (촉진양생조건에 따른 PC 콘크리트의 품질 특성에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, Kwan-Ho;Park, Kwang-Soo;Shin, Su-Gyun;Lee, Joon-Gu
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers Conference
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    • 2001.10a
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    • pp.119-122
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    • 2001
  • Annual demand of a precast concrete bench flume used in the irrigation canal of arable land readjustment has continuously increased units recently. The average life time of the precast concrete bench flume was estimated $8{\sim}10$ years, which is too shorter than the life time of in-site placed concrete structures. In order to increase the compressive strength of the precast concrete bench flumes, the highest temperature of being lower than $95^{\circ}C$ was suggested in this study, Through analyzing the relation between the compressive strength and the amount of chloride penetration into concrete specimens, a new formula early estimating durability of the concrete structure was suggested.

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A Study on Fluxless Soldering using Solder Foil (솔더 포일을 이용한 무플럭스 솔더링에 관한 연구)

  • 신영의;김경섭
    • Journal of Welding and Joining
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    • v.16 no.5
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    • pp.100-107
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    • 1998
  • This paper describes fluxless soldering of reflow soldering process using solder foil instead of solder pastes. There is an increasing demand for the reliable solder connection in the recent high density microelectronic components technologies. And also, it is problem fracture of an Ozone layer due to freon as which is used to removal of remained flux on the substrate. This paper discussed joining phenomena, boudability and joining processes of microelectronics devices, such as between outer lead of VLSI package and copper pad on a substrate without flux. The shear strength of joints is 8 to 13 N using Sn/Pb (63/37 wt.%) solder foil with optimum joining conditions, meanwhile, in case of using Sn/In (52/48 wt.%) solder foil, it is possible to bond with low heating temperature of 550 K, and accomplish to high bonding strength of 25N in condition heating temperature of 650K. Finally, this paper experimentally shows fluxless soldering using solder foil, and accomplishes key technology of microsoldering processes.

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The Influence of the Properties of Crushed Stone Sand on the Mixing Factor and Compressive Strength of Concrete (부순모래의 품질특성이 콘크리트의 배합인자 및 압축강도에 미치는 영향)

  • Hong Ji Hoon;Yum Jun Haun;Choi Jin Man;Jeong Yang;Lee Seong Yeun;Yeo Byung Chul
    • Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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    • 2005.11a
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    • pp.623-626
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    • 2005
  • This study is aimed for investigating the influence of the properties of crushed stone sand on the mixing factor and compressive strength of concrete. The results of this study are as follows; The influence of Particle Shape and Very Fine Sand(VFS) of crushed stone sand on the mixing factor was higher than Fineness Modulus. The demand water of concrete with crushed stone sand was decreased about $12\~18kg/m^3$with increasing $4\%$ of Particle Shape and increased $8\~15kg/m^3$ with increasing $3\%$ of ratio of Very Fine Sand(VFS).

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Microstructure Characteristics of Concrete Exposed to High Temperature (고온에 노출된 콘크리트 미세조직의 특성)

  • 태순호;이병곤
    • Fire Science and Engineering
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    • v.12 no.4
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    • pp.31-40
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    • 1998
  • Very often, whether accidentally or intentionally set fire, according as building are elevated, varied or complicated day by day. It is of primary importance that we have a treatment of fire damaged structure. In general, strength and elasticity modulus of heated concrete are reduced. Product background of cement, sand and coarse aggregate differ from country to country, so that thermal behaviour of concrete make a difference in high temperature. To cope with demand, this paper is a study on relation to microstructure and strength reduction. In consequence of experiments, concrete exposed to high temperature are estimating the reduction of mechanical properties in comparison with microstructure characteristics which are abtained from the SEM/EDX, XRD and DSC-TG analysis of heated specimens under various temperature.

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