• 대한토목학회논문집
• /
• 제26권5A호
• /
• pp.927-934
• /
• 2006

콘크리트 구조물의 고성능화가 요구됨에 따라 고성능 콘크리트에 관한 연구가 활발히 진행되어 왔으며, 특히 고강도 콘크리트에 관한 많은 연구가 이루어지고 있다. 고강도 콘크리트를 제조하기 위해서는 혼화재료의 첨가가 필수적이라 할 수 있으며, 지금까지는 실리카 퓸을 주로 사용하여 왔으나, 최근에는 실리카 퓸과 대등한 성능을 가지면서 실리카 퓸보다 저가인 메타카올린을 사용한 고강도 콘크리트에 관한 연구가 많이 진행되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 메타카올린을 사용한 고강도 콘크리트의 특성을 규명하기 위하여 시멘트 페이스트 시험체의 XRD 및 SEM 분석을 통하여 메타카올린의 포졸란 반응을 고찰하였고, 콘크리트 시험체를 제작하여 수은압입법으로 공극구조를 분석하여 압축강도와의 상관성을 도출하였다. 그 결과, 메타카올린의 대체율이 증가할수록 평균 공극직경은 작아지고 압축강도는 증가하는 것으로 나타났으며, 본 연구에서는 $10nm{\sim}10{\mu}m$의 모세관 공극량과 압축강도와의 회귀분석 결과 이들 사이의 결정계수는 약 0.93 정도의 높은 상관성이 있었고, 메타카올린의 적정 대체율은 10~15%로 판단된다.

• Earthquakes and Structures
• /
• 제13권4호
• /
• pp.337-351
• /
• 2017

In the present study a capacity spectrum method based on constant ductility inelastic spectra to estimate the seismic performance of structures equipped with elastic viscous dampers is presented. As the definition of the structures' effective damping, due to the damping system, is necessary, an alternative method to specify the effective damping ratio ${\xi}eff$ is presented. Moreover, damping reduction factors (B) are introduced to generate high damping elastic demand spectra. Given the elastic spectra for damping ratio ${\xi}eff$, the performance point of the structure can be obtained by relationships that relate the strength demand reduction factor (R) with the ductility demand factor (${\mu}$). As such expressions that link the above quantities, known as R - ${\mu}$ - Τ relationships, for different damping levels are presented. Moreover, corrective factors (Bv) for the pseudo-velocity spectra calculation are reported for different levels of damping and ductility in order to calculate with accuracy the values of the viscous dampers velocities. Finally, to evaluate the results of the proposed method, the whole process is applied to a four-storey reinforced concrete frame structure and to a six-storey steel structure, both equipped with elastic viscous dampers.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• 제10권4호
• /
• pp.405-426
• /
• 2000

Two approximate methods based on mechanism analysis suitable for seismic assessment/design of structural concrete are reviewed. The methods involve use of equal energy concept or equal displacement concept along with appropriate patterns of inelastic deformations to relate structure's maximum lateral displacement to member and plastic deformations. One of these methods (Clough's method), defined here as a ductility-based approach, is examined in detail and a modification for its improvement is suggested. The modification is based on estimation of maximum inelastic displacement using inelastic design response spectra (IDRS) as an alternative to using equal energy concept. The IDRS for demand displacement ductilities are developed for a single degree of freedom model subjected to several accelerograms as functions of response modification factor (R), damping ratios, and strain hardening. The suggested revised methodology involves estimation of R as the ratio of elastic strength demand to code level demand, and determination of design base shear using $R_{design}{\leq}R$ and maximum displacement, determination of plastic displacement using IDRS and subsequent local plastic deformations. The methodology is demonstrated for the case of a 10-story precast wall panel building.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국건축시공학회 2007년도 춘계학술논문 발표대회
• /
• pp.25-28
• /
• 2007

In this study we measured the changes according to time respectively on the basis of 0, 30, 60 and 90 minutes, taking into consideration the decline in fluidity of concrete according to elapsed time to analyze manufacturing capability of batcher plant according to elapsed time of ready-mixed concrete manufactured in batcher plant, and offer basic data for mixture design of ultra-high strength concrete. The proportion of water-binder was 23.55, water content was 160kg/m3, proportion of replacement of crushed sand was 0, 20 and 40% at 3 level, and we applied to the same condition of triaxial component using blast furnace slag powder and silica fume as admixture. And to meet the demand of certain fluidity, we measured respectively on property before and after hardening of ultra-high strength concrete using superplasticizer. As a result of experiment, before hardening of ultra-high strength concrete showed the best fluidity in conditions of crushed sand replacement rates of 20% and superplasticizer composition of 1.95%, but it appeared that fluidity drops as time goes by in the same composition condition. And it appeared that when it comes to hardened, the changes of compression strength according to elapsed time by crushed sand replacement rates were within 1MPa. Therefore, it turned out that the difference of strength according to elapsed time was low and compression strength of 280dys in composition mentioned above appeared highly as 88MPa.

• 산업융합연구
• /
• 제19권6호
• /
• pp.21-35
• /
• 2021

본 연구의 목적은 노동에 대한 수요가 구직자의 교육에 대한 결정에 어떤 영향을 미치는가를 분석함에 있다. 혁신과 기술진보가 노동에 대한 수요를 줄이고 노동시장의 불확실성을 증대시키는 상황에서 본 연구는 노동자의 교육에 대한 투자가 노동에 대한 수요에 어떻게 의존하는가를 판단하는데 도움이 되는 이론적 구조를 제공하고자 한다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 노동에 대한 수요가 감소할수록 교육에 대한 수요는 일반적으로 증가한다. 하지만 이런 결과는 반드시 성립하는 것은 아니다. 둘째, 감소하는 노동에 대한 수요에 대하여 노동자가 교육에 대한 수요를 증가시키는 것은 노동자의 (애로우-프랏 절대위험기피계수로 측정한) 위험기피도가 어떤 수준을 상회하는 경우에만 성립한다. 셋째, 노동에 대한 수요가 감소하더라도 노동자에 대한 보수가 그의 교육에 대한 투자를 반영하지 않는 경우, 노동자는 오히려 교육에 대한 투자를 줄인다.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
• /
• 제17권4호
• /
• pp.48-54
• /
• 2009

The demand for formable high-strength steel (HSS) sheets has recently increased to reduce the weight of automotive bodies. The 340MPa (Tensile Strength) grade steel sheets are widely used for body inner and outer panels. Especially, super formable 340MPa grade steel sheets with high r-value have an excellent deep drawability compared with the other 340MPa grade steel sheets. It is very available for a part such as rear floor, center floor and dash panels used conventional mild steels up to now. We developed a super formable HSS by optimization of chemical composition, texture control and heat treatment control. It has good mechanical properties with excellent formability (tensile strength: 343MPa, elongation: 41.1% and $\bar{r}=2.1$).

• Architectural research
• /
• 제2권1호
• /
• pp.55-60
• /
• 2000

Recently, there is a great demand for precast reinforced concrete (RC) construction methods on the purpose of simplicity in construction. Nishimatsu Construction Company has developed a construction method with precast reinforced concrete members in medium-rise building. In this construction method, how to joint precast members, especially the anchorage of the main bar of beam, is important problem. In this study, the structural performance of exterior joints with precast members was investigated. The parameters of the test specimens are anchorage type of the main bar of beam (U-shape anchorage or anchorage plate) and the ratio of the column axial force to the column strength. Specimens J-3 and J-4 used U-shape anchorage and the ratio of the column axial force of specimen J-4 was higher. On the other hand, specimens J-5 and J-6 used anchorage plate, and the anchorage lengths are 15d and 18d, respectively. Experimental results are summarized as follows; 1) For the joints with beam flexural failure mode, it was found that the maximum strength of specimen with anchorage plate is equal to or larger than that of specimen with conventional U-shaped anchorage if the anchorage length of more than 15d would be ensured, 2) Each specimen shows stable hysteretic curves and there were no notable effects on the hysteretic characteristics and the maximum strength caused by the anchorage method of beam main bar and the difference of column axial stress level.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
• /
• 제11권1호
• /
• pp.149-156
• /
• 1999

Resistive therapeutic exercise prescription goal is to improve functional performance and capabilities through the development of increased muscular strengh endurance or power. Resistance can be applied to either dynamic or static muscle contractions. Resistive therapeutic exorcise can be carried nut concentrically, eccentrically, isometrically, isokinetically. Neurodevelopmental treatment has not resistive therapeutic exercise concept. But proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitate techniques have resistive therapeutic exercise concept with pattens and techniques. It is aid muscle contraction, motor control and increase strength. Manual muscle testing will help the therapist establish a qualitative and quantitative baseline level of strength. Manual resistance maybe applied a against controlled lengthening contraction re static contraction of a muscle. A repetition maximum is not easy to calculate and is not the most accurate method available today to measure strength before of after a resistive therapeutic exercise program. Oddvar Holten Diagram is essy to calculate and is the most accurate method available today to measure strength before of after a resistive therapeutic exercise program. Plyometric training emphasize the development of muscular power and coordination. Quick bursts of force in functional movement patterns are often necessary of a patient is to return to high-demand occupational, recreational or sports related activities.

• Carbon letters
• /
• 제16권4호
• /
• pp.241-246
• /
• 2015

Rapid industrial development in recent times has increased the demand for light-weight materials with high strength and structural integrity. In this context, carbon fiber-reinforced plastic (CFRP) composite materials are being extensively used. However, laminated CFRPs develop faults during impact because CFRPs are composed of mixed carbon fiber and epoxy. Moreover, their fracturing behavior is very complicated and difficult to interpret. In this paper, the effect of the direction of lamination in CFRP on the absorbed impact energy and impact strength were evaluated, including symmetric ply (0°/0°, −15°/+15°, −30°/+30°, −45°/+45°, and −90°/+90°) and asymmetric ply (0°/15°, 0°/30°, 0°/45°, and 0°/90°), through drop-weight impact tests. Further, the thermal properties of the specimens were measured using an infrared camera. Correlations between the absorbed impact energy, impact strength, and thermal properties as determined by the drop-weight impact tests were analyzed. These analyses revealed that the absorbed impact energy of the specimens with asymmetric laminated angles was greater than that of the specimens with symmetric laminated angles. In addition, the asymmetry ply absorbed more impact energy than the symmetric ply. Finally, the absorbed impact energy was inversely proportional to the thermal characteristics of the specimens.

• Steel and Composite Structures
• /
• 제25권5호
• /
• pp.617-624
• /
• 2017

In this study, a new empirical method is presented to obtain Dynamic Increase Factor (DIF) in nonlinear static analysis of structures against sudden removal of a gravity load-bearing element. In this method, DIF is defined as a function of minimum ratio of difference between maximum moment capacity ($M_u$) and moment demand ($M_d$) to plastic moment capacity ($M_p$) under unamplified gravity loads of elements. This function determines the residual strength of a damaged building before amplified gravity loads. For each column removal location, a nonlinear dynamic analysis and a step-by-step nonlinear static analysis are carried out and the modified empirical DIF formulas are derived, which correspond to the ratio min $[(M_u-M_d)/M_p]$ of beams in the bays immediately adjacent to the removed column, and at all floors above it. Therefore, the new DIF can be used with nonlinear static analysis instead of nonlinear dynamic analysis to assess the progressive collapse potential of a moment frame structure. The proposed DIF formulas can estimate the real residual strength of a structure based on critical member.