• 의료ㆍ복지 건축 : 한국의료복지건축학회 논문집
• /
• 제25권3호
• /
• pp.15-23
• /
• 2019

Purpose: As the medical laboratories in general hospitals have made an efforts on quality management and employee health, they recognized the need of design guideline for clinical laboratory. As laboratories are prohibited to patients, their environments are becoming more congested and deteriorated as time goes by. So, this study investigates the current status of facility and equipment of laboratory medicine focusing on less than three hundred patient bed hospitals, and searches the improving matters. Methods: Questionnaires to technologist captains and field surveys to medical laboratories in korean hospitals have been conducted for the data collection. 18 answers have been analysed statistically by MS Excel program. Results: The result of this study can be summarized into followings. Clinical laboratory functions are all hematology, clinical chemistry, immunology, transfusion and urine microscopy, and except for three including microbiology for infection and bio safety level. Average man power of lab are 12.3 man including lab director and captain. Patient bed number, space area and total specimen numbers are not correlated with each other, but specimen numbers and employee number are correlated with. Work space distances are usually good, but exit distances are not adequate for escape owing to obstacles. Specimen delivery system by courier, test method by automatic analyzer, access floor for exposed plumbing and electricities are more practical. Open lab layed out in the center and lab support layed peripheral in space diagram. Lab space configuration by SD method showed that lab support area and employee support area are dissatisfied. Implications: Specialized hospital and yearly total specimen numbers are related to the space area and organization for laboratory planning and design.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• 제62권6호
• /
• pp.875-883
• /
• 2020

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of group-housing facility (GHF), compared to an individual confinement stall (CON), on the reproductive performance, behavior, and stress hormones of gestating sows. A total of 50 primiparous sows (Landrace × Yorkshire) were randomly allocated into either CON (n = 25) or GHF (n = 25) during the gestation period. One week before parturition, the sows were transferred into conventional farrowing crates, and cross-fostering was conducted within 1 d of delivery. Blood was collected for analyses of stress indices at 75 d of gestation and postpartum. Reproductive performance was estimated during the period of birth to weaning. Behavior patterns were identified at 90 d of gestation. Litter size was not different between the CON and GHF treatments. Weaning to estrus interval, however, tended to be lower in the GHF than in the CON (p < 0.1). Activity, treating, belly nosing, and exploring behaviors were observed only in the GHF group, whereas rubbing was shown only with the CON. Serum cortisol concentration was lower in the GHF than in the CON at 75 d of gestation (p < 0.05). Sows housed in the GHF showed lower epinephrine and norepinephrine concentrations than those housed in the CON at postpartum (p < 0.05). The GHF sows demonstrated more natural behavior characteristics associated with stress relief than the CON sows with no adverse effects on reproductive performance. Therefore, these results suggest that GHF could be applied as an alternative housing facility to improve animal welfare on swine farms.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• 제21권1호
• /
• pp.10-20
• /
• 1988

각 의료기관에서 분만하는 산모와 신생아의 특성을 비교분석하고 의료기관별 산모와 신생아의 위험수준을 조사하여 특정 의료기관에서 관찰한 연구결과를 해석하는데 참고 자료를 제공하기 위하여 대구시내 3개 대학병원, 2개 종합병원,2개 개인의원, 1개 조산소, 그리고 1개 모자보건센터에서 1987년 4월 1일 부터 4월 30일 까지 1개월간(1개 대학병원은 2개월간) 분만한 산모 1,410명을 대상으로 산모의 연령, 교육수준, 의료비 지불방법, 산과력 및 특정의료기관을 선택한 이유를 면담 조사하고 병원기록지에서 신생아의 출생시 체중의 조사하였다. 대학병원과 종합병원을 이용한 산모의 평균 연령은 각각 27.5세, 26.7세로 조산소(25.4세)와 모자보건센터(26.1세)를 이용한 산모보다 많았고, 교육수준은 대학병원(평균 12.7년)과 종합병원(평균 12.2년) 산모가 조산소(평균 9.2년) 및 모자보건센터(평균 9.3년) 산모보다 월등히 높았다. 그리고 의료보험 대상자도 대학병원(78.1%)과 종합병원(82.9%) 산모가 개인의원(44.3%), 조산소(29.1%)나 모자보건센터(5.4%) 보다 많았다. 모자보건센터는 2번째 출산이 47.3%로 가장 많았으나 다른 의료기관은 모두 초산부가 $56.0{\sim}61.7%$로 제일 많았다. 산모의 산과력 비교에서는 대학병원 산모가 자연유산 경험율이 상대적으로 다른 의료기관 산모보다 높았고 사산 경험자도 소수였으나 조산소와 모자보건센터에서 분만한 산모는 사산 경험자가 1명도 없었다. 대학병원 산모의 경우 37주 이하의 조산아 출생율(11.4%)과 2,499gm이하의 저체중아 출생율($5.8{\sim}13.0%$)은 타 의료기관 보다 현저히 높았다. 이에 따라 제왕절개술에 의한 분만율은 의료기관간에 차이가 많았다. 결국 대구시내 대학병원과 종합병원에서 분만하는 산모들은 사회경제적으로 중, 상류층과 소득고하를 막론하고 고위험산모들이 많고 조산소와 모자보건센터는 저소득충의 산모 가운데 산과적으로 저위험군들이 많이 이용하고 있다. 따라서 특정 의료기관을 대상으로 조사한 자료를 해석하는데 많은 제한성이 있으며 전체 산모의 특성으로 일반화하는 것은 불가능한 것으로 생각된다.

• 지역사회간호학회지
• /
• 제6권2호
• /
• pp.259-274
• /
• 1995

The study is to grasp the problems related to operation of Maternity clinic of public health centers in seoul and needs for public health of community in relation to consumers and providers in order to improve efficiency of community public health for mothers and children. Four pregnancy woman, who receive medical care at the maternity clinic of M public health centers in seoul and understand the purpose of this study, and one nurse who works at the were the objects of this field study. Participating observation and intensive interviews were conducted to collect data. All of them were performed as necessary from time to time since December, 1994, and not during a specific period. Through an data analysis in the order of sector analysis and classification analysis, the data were classified into specific patterns and the results are the following; 1. All of the subjects were using both private hospitals and public clinics, but managing activities prior to delivery were not carried out in accordence with theories for those activities. 2. The subjects showed two types of response to utilizing maternity clinic. they answered that the advantages of the clinic were 'short waiting time for medical treatment', 'medical treatment by female doctors' and 'economical benefit.' Meanwhile, they gave negative response to the problems of 'non-implementation of delivery' 'uncleanness and insufficient facilities', 'limited time of treatment', 'lack of expertise' and 'want of public health education for materity.' 3. Problems related to operation of maternity clinic were 'lack of experts', 'irrational facility structure' and 'absolutely lack budget'. In terms of the status of managing the subjects, 'programs only aimed at attaining the central-government-assigned objects' and 'limited management before and after delivery by non-implementing delivery' were pointed out to be problems. Regarding public health education before delivery and PR relations, 'superficial public health education for maternity' and 'absence of PR programs' were named. In planning and evaluation, 'absence of autonomous planning and evaluation by the clinic itself' was a major problem in operating the clinic. 4. 'Substantial health education and PR', 'supplementation of facilities and eqipment', 'development' and supply of demanded service by the subjects', 'implementation of autonomous programs', and 'reinforcement of supplementary education' were presented as alternatives for efficient opration of maternity clinics.

• 한국BIM학회 논문집
• /
• 제11권2호
• /
• pp.33-42
• /
• 2021

In construction sites, policies are changing considering the convergence of 3D scanning and BIM. In order to respond to this, it is urgent to develop guidelines for systematic collaboration methods that take into account the perspectives of practitioners. By participating in the delivery process using 3D scanning technology, tasks such as ordering, field scanning are defined in terms of mutual communications. Also, the collaboration process is about communications between off-site and on-site, such as feed-back using data and documents. In the future, we will propose guidelines based on such collaborative process models.

• 국제학술발표논문집
• /
• The 5th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
• /
• pp.344-351
• /
• 2013

Private participation on public infrastructures projects is being promoted by governments of several developing countries, among them Colombia. As a result, several advantages such as service delivery efficiency, technology application and faster execution of the projects have been recognized. Hence, the Colombian Government is looking for schemes that allow the private investment in projects like hospitals, schools, prisons and public edification. In this paper, experiences in PPP from other countries were analyzed and adjusted to the Colombian environment. As a result, a model adapted to Colombia is presented, based on a well-developed case from Spain. The awarding process is defined by economic criteria, previous compliance of minimum technical exigencies. Once the infrastructure is operating, contractual periodical payments will be done, based on the performance of the facility.

• 호스피스학술지
• /
• 제1권1호
• /
• pp.46-69
• /
• 2001

Hospice Care is the best way to care for terminally ill patients and their family members. However most of them can not receive the appropriate hospice service because the Korean health delivery system is mainly be focussed on acutly ill patients. This study was carried out to clarify the situation of hospice in Korea and to develop a hospice care delivery system model which is appropriate in the Korean context. The theoretical framework of this study that hospice care delivery system is composed of hospice resources with personnel, facilities, etc., government and non-government hospice organization, hospice finances, hospice management and hospice delivery, was taken from the Health Delivery System of WHO(1984). Data was obtained through data analysis of litreature, interview, questionairs, visiting and Delphi Technique, from October 1998 to April 1999 involving 56 hospices, 1 hospice research center, 3 non-government hospice organizations, 20 experts who have had hospice experience for more than 3 years(mean is 9 years and 5 months) and officials or members of 3 non-government hospice organizations. There are 61 hospices in Korea. Even though hospice personnel have tried to study and to provide qualified hospice serices, there is nor any formal hospice linkage or network in Korea. This is the result of this survey made to clarify the situation of Korean hospice. Results of the study by Delphi Technique were as follows: 1.Hospice Resources: Key hospice personnel were found to be hospice coordinator, doctor, nurse, clergy, social worker, volunteers. Necessary qualifications for all personnel was that they conditions were resulted as have good health, receive hospice education and have communication skills. Education for hospice personnel is divided into (i)basic training and (ii)special education, e.g. palliative medicine course for hospice specialist or palliative care course in master degree for hospice nurse specialist. Hospice facilities could be developed by adding a living room, a space for family members, a prayer room, a church, an interview room, a kitchen, a dining room, a bath facility, a hall for music, art or work therapy, volunteers' room, garden, etc. to hospital facilities. 2.Hospice Organization: Whilst there are three non-government hospice organizations active at present, in the near future an hospice officer in the Health&Welfare Ministry plus a government Hospice body are necessary. However a non-government council to further integrate hospice development is also strongly recommended. 3.Hospice Finances: A New insurance standards, I.e. the charge for hospice care services, public information and tax reduction for donations were found suggested as methods to rise the hospice budget. 4.Hospice Management: Two divisions of hospice management/care were considered to be necessary in future. The role of the hospice officer in the Health & Welfare Ministry would be quality control of hospice teams and facilities involved/associated with hospice insurance standards. New non-government integrating councils role supporting the development of hospice care, not insurance covered. 5.Hospice delivery: Linkage&networking between hospice facilities and first, second, third level medical institutions are needed in order to provide varied and continous hospice care. Hospice Acts need to be established within the limits of medical law with regards to standards for professional staff members, educational programs, etc. The results of this study could be utilizes towards the development to two hospice care delivery system models, A and B. Model A is based on the hospital, especially the hospice unit, because in this setting is more easily available the new medical insurance for hospice care. Therefore a hospice team is organized in the hospital and may operate in the hospice unit and in the home hospice care service. After Model A is set up and operating, Model B will be the next stage, in which medical insurance cover will be extended to home hospice care service. This model(B) is also based on the hospital, but the focus of the hospital hospice unit will be moved to home hospice care which is connected by local physicians, national public health centers, community parties as like churches or volunteer groups. Model B will contribute to the care of terminally ill patients and their family members and also assist hospital administrators in cost-effectiveness.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
• /
• 제30권1호
• /
• pp.13-27
• /
• 2015

Systemic analysis 기법을 이용하여 국내 학교급식의 위해관리를 위한 정보를 제공하고자 학교급식 위생 관련 문헌분석을 실시하였다. 단체급식 및 위생 분야 키워드 47개를 도출한 후, DBpia 검색엔진을 통하여 도출된 키워드를 입력하여 최근 10년간(2005-2014) 생산된 총 1,177개 논문을 검색하였다. 이후 관련논문을 수집하고 전문가리뷰를 통하여 최종 142개 논문을 선정하였다. 시설별, 이해당사자별, 외부요인, 내부요인, 직접적 요인, 간접적 요인으로 나눠 문헌을 분석하였다. 시설별로 학교(64편)가 산업체(5편)나 병원(3편)보다 단체급식 위생 관련문헌이 많았다. 학교급식의 주요요인을 분석한 결과 시스템/시설/설비(15편), 위생교육(12편), 생산/납품업체(6편), 식재료(4편), 복합적 요인(9편)이었다. 학교급식 위생관련 요인을 환경적 요인, 인적 요인, 식재료 요인, 고용 및 직무요인으로 구분하였다. 이해당사자별로 영양사, 조리종사원, 학생, 교직원, 식재료 납품업체 등으로 구분하여 분석하였다. 첫 번째, 환경적 요인으로 시설 설비 영역과 시스템 영역으로 구분하였다. 시설 설비 영역에서 대상이 영양사인 경우 급식시설의 명확하지 않은 구획 및 구분, 다량조리기기의 부족으로 인한 음식 온도관리 미흡, 위생관리를 위한 기기 구비율 저조, 조리실 온 습도 관리 미흡 등이 문제점으로 지적되었다. 대상이 학생인 경우에는 교실배식 환경을 문제로 꼽았다. 시스템 영역에서는 영양사가 대상인 경우 학교 내 구성원 간 HACCP 시스템 팀의 낮은 협력정도가 문제로 지적되었다. 조리사/조리종사원이 대상인 경우에는 과도한 업무량과 높은 노동 강도, 급식소 안전 관련 근무 조건의 열악함이 문제가 되었다. 학부모를 대상으로 조사한 결과에서는 학교급식 모니터 제도의 활동이 저조한 것이 문제로 파악되었다. 두 번째, 인적 요소 측면에서는 "위생교육 부족"이 가장 큰 문제점으로서, 교육대상이 조리종사원인 경우 형식적인 위생교육, HACCP 관련 교육 미흡, 낮은 개인위생관리수행이 문제가 되었다. 대상이 학생인 경우에는 위생교육 경험이 적고, 위생교육의 적용 및 효과가 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 세 번째, 식재료 요소 측면에서 원재료 자체의 위생문제와 신선편이식품 전처리 식재료의 불신이 문제로 파악되었다. 한편, 생산 납품업체 관련 납품업체 배송차량 관리 미흡, 생산 납품업체 직원의 위생관리, HACCP 비인증업체의 위생관리가 문제로 지적되었다. 마지막으로 고용 및 직무 요소 측면에서 영양사와 조리종사원의 고용형태, 연봉수준은 직무만족도 및 직무몰입도에 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났으며, 직무스트레스는 직무수행, 나아가 학교급식 위생에도 영향을 줄 수 있다는 것이 확인되었다. 학교급식 위생의 원인 분석을 통하여 향후 정부는 예산확보, 현장조사, 인증시스템 제도 마련, 근무 조건 개선, 위생훈련 및 점검 강화, 전문가에 의한 위생컨설팅 및 급식장 설계 컨설팅을 강화할 필요가 있다. 본 연구는 향후 급식위생안전 개선을 위한 교육 자료 및 관련 기술 개발에 활용할 수 있다.

• 한국건설관리학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국건설관리학회 2008년도 정기학술발표대회 논문집
• /
• pp.449-454
• /
• 2008

본 연구의 목적은 시설물 특성에 따른 건설사업관리 발주방식의 적용방안을 제시하고자 한다. 이를 위해 건설사업관리 발주방식을 적용한 수도권 지역의 대형 할인마트 4곳을 사례대상으로 선정하였다. 선정된 사례대상에 대해 건설사업관리 발주방식 중 용역형과 위험분담형으로 분류하여 각각의 적용현황 및 관리방법에 대해 분석한 후 시설물 특성에 따른 적용방안을 제시하였다. 상기와 같은 목적과 방법에 따라 수행한 본 연구의 결론을 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 계획된 절대공기의 준수와 품질관리의 효율적 업무체계 구축에 중점을 둔 사업의 경우 사업관리일반업무를 담당하는 용역형 발주방식이 적합한 것으로 분석되었다. 둘째, 계획된 절대공기의 단축을 통한 원가절감과 공사 수행에 따른 품질관리의 연계업무에 중점을 둔 사업의 경우 사업관리일반업무와 시공업무를 겸한 위험분담형 발주방식이 적합한 것으로 분석되었다.

• 한국건설관리학회논문집
• /
• 제9권4호
• /
• pp.182-192
• /
• 2008

BTL 사업은 공공시설물에서 민간의 자본과 기술력을 통해 높은 성과를 낼 것으로 기대되고 있지만, VE의 최적 설계안을 선정하고 건물의 유지관리 비용 예측에 사용되는 LCC 분석은 다수의 복잡한 문제점을 가지고 있어 제한적으로 적용되고 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 국내의 BTL 사업에서 LCC 분석의 문제점을 분석하고 그 해결방안을 제안하는 것이다. 이를 위해 BTL 사업에서 주요 사업대상인 교육시설을 중심으로 LCC 분석을 두 가지 수준(대안선정 LCC와 건축 LCC)으로 구분하고, 이들의 주요 특징을 고찰하였다. 그리고 6가지 측면(비용분류체계, 수선정보, 생애주기, 비용의 시간적 가치, 수선정보 데이터베이스, LCC 분석모델)에서 사례연구를 통해 4가지 주요 문제점과 해결방안을 도출하였다. 이 연구의 결과는 민간과 공공분야 참여주체들의 중장기적인 계획과 실행에 의해 해결될 수 있을 것이다.