• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.384-394
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• 2024

Objective: To evaluate the image quality of novel dark-blood computed tomography angiography (CTA) imaging combined with deep learning reconstruction (DLR) compared to delayed-phase CTA images with hybrid iterative reconstruction (HIR), to visualize the cervical artery wall in patients with Takayasu arteritis (TAK). Materials and Methods: This prospective study continuously recruited 53 patients with TAK (mean age: 33.8 ± 10.2 years; 49 females) between January and July 2022 who underwent head-neck CTA scans. The arterial- and delayed-phase images were reconstructed using HIR and DLR. Subtracted images of the arterial-phase from the delayed-phase were then added to the original delayed-phase using a denoising filter to generate the final-dark-blood images. Qualitative image quality scores and quantitative parameters were obtained and compared among the three groups of images: Delayed-HIR, Dark-blood-HIR, and Dark-blood-DLR. Results: Compared to Delayed-HIR, Dark-blood-HIR images demonstrated higher qualitative scores in terms of vascular wall visualization and diagnostic confidence index (all P < 0.001). These qualitative scores further improved after applying DLR (Dark-blood-DLR compared to Dark-blood-HIR, all P < 0.001). Dark-blood DLR also showed higher scores for overall image noise than Dark-blood-HIR (P < 0.001). In the quantitative analysis, the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) values between the vessel wall and lumen for the bilateral common carotid arteries and brachiocephalic trunk were significantly higher on Dark-blood-HIR images than on Delayed-HIR images (all P < 0.05). The CNR values were significantly higher for Dark-blood-DLR than for Dark-blood-HIR in all cervical arteries (all P < 0.001). Conclusion: Compared with Delayed-HIR CTA, the dark-blood method combined with DLR improved CTA image quality and enhanced visualization of the cervical artery wall in patients with TAK.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.143-149
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to report the effect in treating a patient with delayed union of 4th toe distal phalanx fracture with a combination of Korean Medicine treatment. We treated the patient with acupuncture, cupping, pharmacopuncture, moxibustion and herbal medicine, from March 3, 2018 to June 25, 2018 (total 33 times). The numeric rating scale (NRS), X-ray were applied as outcome measures. After complex Korean medicine treatment was carried out, delayed union of 4th toe distal phalanx fracture was improved and pain was reduced. This result shows that Korean medicine treatment may be an effective option for delayed union. Further clinical studies are needed to clarify the effect of Korean medicine treatment on delayed union.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.405-410
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• 2002

The purpose of this investigation was to examine the effects of osteocalcin (serum bone GLA-protein, BGP) and procollagen carboxy-terminal propeptide (PICP) on new bone formation of canine fracture models. Serum osteocalcin and PICP were measured by standard RIA. The values of osteocalcin and PICP in the non-union and delayed-union fracture models were measured biweekly for 20 weeks in 14 dogs. The unions were radiographed for fracture healing. In non-union fracture group, the activity of BGP was markedly increased at four to eight weeks and decreased at twelve to twenty weeks and the activity of PICP was markedly increased at two to six weeks and slightly decreased at sixteen to twenty weeks. In delayed-union fracture group, the activity of BGP was markedly increased at two to eight weeks after treatment and maintained for the level until twenty weeks and the activity of PICP was markedly increased at two to six weeks after treatment and maintained for the level until twenty weeks. Radiologically, non-union group was not achieved until twenty weeks after fracture, delayed-union group was successfully achieved in eighteen weeks after fracture. These results suggested that the. activities of osteocalcin and PICP are useful parameters for biochemical markers of bone formation in dogs.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.42-51
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• 1996

Alkaline hydrolysis to improve the hand of PET/acetate union fabric was studied in relation to skin saponification and retarding effect of salts on the alkaline hydrolysis of cellulose acetate fiber, accelerating effect of salts on the alkaline hydrolysis of PET fiber, and changes of total hand value(T.H.V) of PET/acetate union fabric treated with alkali/salt solution. It was found that the rate of saponification of acetate was delayed by the addition of salts such as LiCl, NaCl and CH$_{3}$COONa into NaOH solution below 10 minutes. The rate of shrinkage of acetate fabric treated with 5g/l NaOH solution at 9$0^{\circ}C$ and 60 minutes showed 20 % but it was decreased 8% by. the addition of 120g/l Concentration of inorganic salts. We could know that the rate of alkaline hydrolysis of filament yarn treated with alkali solution at 9$0^{\circ}C$ and 60 minutes was delayed about 3 % using 2,000T/M of hard twist yarn, especially acetate filament treated with alkali solution at 9$0^{\circ}C$ and 10 minutes was delayed about 10%. T.H.V. of PET/acetate union fabric was increased from 2.77 to 3.04~3.18 by the addition of salts into alkali solution.

• The Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Ultrasound Society
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.66-71
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• 2011

Purpose: This study was conducted to determine the usefulness of ultrasonography in evaluating callus formation in radiologically suspected nonunion or delayed union of clavicle fractures during conservative management. Materials and Methods: Six male patients and one female patient (average age: 38.3 years; range: 7 to 70 years), whose conservatively managed clavicle fractures were suspected of nonunion or delayed union, were examined with ultrasonography. If callus formation was detected, the patient continued to receive conservative management. If callus formation was not detected, the patient received operative management. Results: Six patients, in whom callus formation was observed ultrasonographically, continued to receive conservative management. The final simple radiographies of their fractures showed complete unions. One patient, in whom no callus formation was observed ultrasonographically, received operative management. In that patient, there was no operative finding of any fracture healing. Conclusion: Ultrasonography is a useful tool for evaluating callus formation in clavicle fractures suspected of nonunion or delayed union during conservative management. Ultrasonography can be used to avoid unnecessary surgery.

• Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Sports Medicine
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.114-120
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• 2010

Anterior tibial diaphyseal stress fracture have a propensity for delayed union or nonunion and have risk of complete fracture after minor trauma. So, careful evaluation and optimal management are mandatory to succeed in treatment. It is also important to decide the point of time of return to full activity. We report experience of treatment for complete fracture of the delayed union of anterior tibial diaphyseal stress fracture as an athletic injury.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.315-321
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• 2023

Pediatric carpal fractures are rare and often difficult to detect. This paper reviews the current literature on pediatric non-scaphoid carpal fractures, with a case report of a lunate fracture associated with a distal radius and ulnar styloid fracture, managed nonoperatively in a 12-year-old boy. There is lack of consensus regarding the management of these fractures due to the low number of reported cases. A frequent lack of long-term follow-up limits our understanding of the outcomes, but good outcomes have been reported for both nonoperative and operative management. This case report brings attention to the current time period for the definition of delayed union in pediatric carpal fractures, and emphasizes the need for prolonged follow-up for the detection of delayed complications leading to functional impairment.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.44-46
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• 1978

This is to report of a case of bilateral taurodontism of mandibular right & left 1st deciduous molars of 4 year-old female. Taurodontism is a morphologic condition of tooth, it seems to be caused by delayed or incomplete union of horizontal epithelial flaps of the epithelial diaphragm. This union is necessary in order to initiate dentinogenesis in the bifurcation area.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.412-415
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• 2012

A 1-year-old, castrated male Yorkshire terrier (case 1) and a 7-year-old female Poodle (case 2) presented with delayed union fractures. In case 1, the dog had a fractured right distal radius and ulna. In case 2, the dog had a fractured left distal tibia and fibula. A physical examination and radiographs performed in both dogs revealed delayed union fractures with large gaps. The fracture sites were fixed by bone plate and screws. Autogenous cancellous bone graft was applied into the fracture gap. To encourage rapid bone union, we used matrigel containing $20{\mu}g$ of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) in the fracture site. Radiographs were taken postoperatively to monitor healing. Rapid bone union was noted in both dogs in long-term radiographs. In case 1, the radiographs revealed that the fracture gaps of the radius and ulna were bridged at 2 weeks. Fracture lines were not observed and normal appearance was restored at 20 weeks. In case 2, the radiographs showed that fracture repair had progressed at 11 weeks. The fractures healed faster than expected in these two cases. The results indicate that rhBMP-2 and matrigel may be effective and useful materials to enhance healing of delayed fractures.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.151-157
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• 2014

Purpose: We report the surgical outcomes for femoral shaft fractures in polytrauma patients who were temporarily treated with external fixation and subsequently converted to internal fixation. Methods: From August 2008 to April 2012, we enrolled 13 patients with multiple traumas due to high-energy injuries and concurrent femoral shaft fractures in which temporary external fixation was carried out. The mean age was 39 years, with a range from 18 to 55 years. Ten were men and 3 were women. According to the AO/OTA classification of fractures, type A was found in 5 patients, type B in 6, and type C in 2, with open fractures being found in 6 patients and femoral artery rupture occurring in 2. For internal fixation, intramedullary nailing was performed in 7 patients, and minimally-invasive fixation of locking compression plates was used in 6. Results: Of the 7 patients converted to intramedullary nailing, 1 experienced delayed union. Of the 6 patients treated with minimally-invasive plate fixation, delayed union occurred in 5, and an auto-bone graft was performed within, on average, 8 months (range: 5~10 months), leading to bone union in all cases in the final follow-up. None of the patients experienced infections or complications involving other organs after having been converted to internal fixation. During the mean follow-up of 19 months, patients achieved satisfactory functional outcomes. Conclusion: In polytrauma patients with a femoral shaft fracture who have been treated with temporary external fixation and who may need internal fixation due to the occurrence of delayed union, an appropriate internal fixation method needs to be selected based on the patient's physical status, and the fracture type.