• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
• /
• v.33 no.6
• /
• pp.453-458
• /
• 2016

CFRP (Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic) and CFRP-metal stacks have recently been widely used in the aerospace and automobile industries. When CFRP is machined by a brittle fracture mechanism, defect generation behaviors are different from those associated with metal cutting. The machining quality is strongly dependent on the properties of CFRP materials. Therefore, process control for CFRP machining is necessary to minimize the defects of differently manufactured CFRPs. In this study, defects in drilling of CFRP substrates with a variety of fiber directions and resin types are compared with respect to thrust force. An experimental study on material interface detection is carried out to investigate its benefits in process control.

• Composites Research
• /
• v.24 no.3
• /
• pp.25-30
• /
• 2011

The studies on the non-destructive testing methods of the composite materials are very important for improving their reliability and safety. AE(Acoustic Emission) can evaluate the defects by detecting the emitting strain energy when elastic waves are generated by the generation and growth of a crack, plastic deformation, fiber breakage, matrix cleavage or delamination. In this paper, the AE signals of the filament wound composite cylinder and sandwich cylinder during the pressure test were measured and analyzed. The signal characteristics of PVDF sensors were measured, and an AE signal analyzer which had the band-pass filter and L-C resonance filter were designed and fabricated. Also, the crack detection capability of the fabricated AE signal analyzer wes evaluated during the pressure tests of the filament wound composite cylinder and the sandwich cylinder.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• v.41 no.5
• /
• pp.663-673
• /
• 2012

A number of mode shape-based structure damage identification methods have been verified by numerical simulations or experiments for on-line structure health monitoring (SHM). However, many of them need a baseline mode shape generated by the healthy structure serving as a reference to identify damages. Otherwise these methods can hardly perform well when multiple cracks conditions occur. So it is important to solve the problems above. By aid of the fractal dimension method (FD), Qiao and Wang proposed a generalized fractal dimension (GFD) to detect the delamination damage. As a modification of GFD, Qiao and Cao proposed the approximate waveform capacity dimension (AWCD) technique to simplify the calculation of fractal and overcome the false peak appearing in the high mode shapes. Based on their valued work, this paper combined and applied the AWCD method and curvature mode shape data to detect multiple damages in beam. In the end, the identification properties of the AWCD for multiple damages have been verified by groups of Monte Carlo simulations and experiments.

• Composites Research
• /
• v.16 no.6
• /
• pp.33-40
• /
• 2003

The initial thermal degradation of polymer matrix composite is not observed easily. At the beginning of thermal degradation of polymer matrix composites, phase transformation such as chain scission, oxidation occur, and then micro delamination is produced in matrix and interface between matrix and fiber before blistering. Initial heat damage deteriorate mechanical properties of composites. We presented the detection method of the initial heat damage of composites conveniently using ultrasonic technique. Absorption coefficient and material velocity was measured with thermal degradation and degree of cure. The more thermal degradation was progressed, the more absorption coefficient was increased. When the cure temperature is more high, the absorption coefficient of cured composite is increased and material velocity is decreased. We concluded that cure temperature is more high, the defects such as void is increased and molecular structure cured at high temperature has cross-linking structure which is more absorb the ultrasonic waves.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society For Composite Materials Conference
• /
• 2005.11a
• /
• pp.264-267
• /
• 2005

Impact damages are very important in the perspective of residual strength of composite structures such as aircrafts, ships, and trains because those damages are sometimes not visible on the surface of the point of impact and the impact resistance of laminated composites is usually not so high. Thus, the impact characteristics of laminated composites should he investigated for the safety of composite structures. This paper investigates the low-velocity impact and damage detection conducted on woven carbon/epoxy laminates. Experimental results show that the type of damage is dependent on the impact energy level and the delamination area becomes larger as the impact energy increases.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
• /
• 2000.04a
• /
• pp.817-820
• /
• 2000

Existence of void or delamination inside building foundation or tunneling lining can cause serious problems in structural safety. Therefore, 0probing of such voids in architectural and civil structures is an important process in evaluating the overall integrity of the structures. In this study, the radar method has been examined in its use in detecting voids inside concrete specimens. The dimensions of the specimens are 1,000 mm(width) $\times$ 600 mm (height) $\times$ 140 mm (thickness). A void is embedded inside concrete specimens with the dimensions of 200 mm(width) $\times$ 600 mm (height) $\times$ 50 mm (thickness). Concrete cover depth of 30 mm, 60 mm is studied for comparison. In both cases, the voids is located with 1 GHz antenna.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
• /
• v.18 no.12
• /
• pp.3202-3218
• /
• 1994

Mode shapes and natural frequencies of vibrating laminated composite plates are taken using real-time and time-average holographic interferometry. Debonds and delamination in the laminated plates are measured nondestructively. During holographic testing of composite plates, it has been found that the conditions for the local resonance in debonds are strongly dependent on the frequency of excitation. A membrane resonance model was proposed to describe this behavior. Relations between characteristic length according to the size, shape of debonds and membrane resonance frequency are presented. Several experiments were performed to verify the membrane resonance model. The agreements between the predicted excitation frequency and the observed resonance frequency are good. The experimental results show that higher stresses and strains due to local resonance lead to the debond detection.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
• /
• v.31 no.2
• /
• pp.150-156
• /
• 2011

In this paper, infrared thermography measurement technique has been used to develop standard measurement technique for nondestructive testing of composite materials which is widely used in aerospace industries. To increase the defect detection rate, the related experiment used the lock-in IR-thermographiy method. Therefore it is of considerable interest in the field of non-destructive testing for fast discontinuity detection by using ultrasonic lock-in infrared thermography. The result also shows that as the investigation period of light source is lengthened according to the thickness of specimen, the possibility of detecting defects gets higher as well. However, the reason why the result values were not favorable when less than 50 mHz of light source was provided is because it was difficult to detect defects as the defect parts became a state of thermal equilibrium in general when thermal diffusivity affects the entire materials.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
• /
• v.37 no.2
• /
• pp.99-105
• /
• 2017

Many composite materials are used in the aerospace industry because of their excellent mechanical properties. However, the nature of aviation exposes these materials to high temperature and high moisture conditions depending on climate, location, and altitude. Therefore, the molecular arrangement chemical properties, and mechanical properties of composite materials can be changed under these conditions. As a result, surface disruptions and cracks can be created. Consequently, moisture-impregnating defects can be induced due to the crack and delamination of composite materials as they are repeatedly exposed to moisture absorption moisture release, fatigue environment, temperature changes, and fluid pressure changes. This study evaluates the possibility of detecting the moisture-impregnating defects of CFRP and GFRP honeycomb structure sandwich composite materials, which are the composite materials in the aircraft structure, by using an active infrared thermography technology among non-destructive testing methods. In all experiments, it was possible to distinguish the area and a number of CFRP composite materials more clearly than those of GFRP composite material. The highest detection rate was observed in the heating duration of 50 mHz and the low detection rate was at the heating duration of over 500 mHz. The reflection method showed a higher detection rate than the transmission method.

• Tribology and Lubricants
• /
• v.30 no.2
• /
• pp.124-129
• /
• 2014

The piping system accounts for a large portion of the machinery structure of a plant, and is considered as a very important mechanical structure for plant safety. Accordingly, it is used in most energy plants in the nuclear, gas, and heavy chemical industries. In particular, the piping system for a nuclear plant is generally complicated and uses the reactor and its cooling system. The piping equipment is exposed to diverse loads such as weight, temperature, pressure, and seismic load from pipes and fluids, and is used to transfer steam, oil, and gas. In ultrasound infrared thermography, which is an active thermography technology, a 15-100 kHz ultrasound wave is applied to the subject, and the resulting heat from the defective parts is measured using a thermography camera. Because this technique can inspect a large area simultaneously and detect defects such as cracks and delamination in real time, it is used to detect defects in the new and renewable energy, car, and aerospace industries, and recently, in piping defect detection. In this study, ultrasound infrared thermography is used to detect information for the diagnosis of nuclear equipment and structures. Test specimens are prepared with piping materials for nuclear plants, and the optimally designed ultrasound horn and ultrasound vibration system is used to determine damages on nuclear plant piping and detect defects. Additionally, the detected images are used to improve the reliability of the surface and internal defect detection for nuclear piping materials, and their field applicability and reliability is verified.