• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
• /
• 제10권8호
• /
• pp.1068-1077
• /
• 2007

This paper proposes a method that extracts characteristics of cracks such as length, thickness and direction from a concrete slab surface image with image processing techniques. These techniques extract the cracks from the concrete surface image in variable conditions including bad image conditions) using the ART2-based RBF network to recognize the dominant directions -45 degree, 45 degree, horizontal and vertical) of the extracted cracks from the automatically calculated specifications like the lengths, directions and widths of the cracks. Our proposed extraction algorithms and analysis of the concrete cracks used a Robert operation to emphasize the cracks, and a Multiple operation to increase the difference in brightness between the cracks and background. After these treatments, the cracks can be extracted from the image by using an iterated binarization technique. Noise reduction techniques are used three separate times on this binarized image, and the specifications of the cracks are extracted form this noiseless image. The dominant directions can be recognized by using the ART2-based RBF network. In this method, the ART2 is used between the input layer and the middle layer to learn, and the Delta learning method is used between the middle layer and the output layer. The experiments using real concrete images showed that the cracks were effectively extracted, and the Proposed ART2-based RBF network effectively recognized the directions of the extracted cracks.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
• /
• 제36권6호
• /
• pp.959-968
• /
• 2016

In this study, the Delphi Method was conducted to extract variables as effects of integrated education. Forty-six experts engaged in both the integrated education and research fields participated in this study. The Delphi survey was conducted for three rounds. In the first round, an open questionnaire was given asking variables possibly considered as effects of integrated education. In the second round, variables induced from analysis of the first survey results were given and the degree of agreement for each variable was determined according to the Likert scale. In the third round of the survey, mean, standard deviation, and the first and third quartile calculated using the results of the second survey were given to experts to determine their degree of assent. In addition, categories for variables were suggested. The degree of agreement for appropriateness of categorization and relative importance were determined As a result, a total of 18 variables were chosen except for career awareness. They were categorized according to their definition and properties into five categories: 'creativity' (flexible thinking, associative thinking, intuitive thinking, creative thinking), 'problem solving' (meta-cognition, problem recognition and solving, critical thinking, decision making ability, ability of knowledge application, knowledge and information processing skills), 'integrative perception and sensitivity' (concern and interest in various disciplines, understanding and acceptance of difference, integrative thinking), 'interpersonal relations' (communication skills, cooperation), and 'disciplinary literacy' (humanistic imagination, basic knowledge and literacy of each discipline, academic motivation). The degree of agreement was high in variables included in 'creativity' and 'problem solving' categories and the frequency of choosing the importance was high in variables included in 'integrative perception and sensitivity'. The educational implication related to implementation and practice of integrated education were discussed on the basis of results.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
• /
• 제13권3호
• /
• pp.677-683
• /
• 2001

The object of this study is in the comparison of level of depression between patients with chronic low back pain & normal adult, of the relation between reduction of pain & level of depression and in the examination of the influence of traditional physical therapy against the reduction of pain & level of depression of the patients with chronic low back pain for the new recognition of psychological factors to the physical therapists as well as patients. This study was targeted for 40 patients with chronic low back pain who were diagnosed as lumbar sprain & herniated intervertebral disk and compared & analyzed how traditional physical therapy has an influence to their reduction of pain and level of depression by questioning with visual an analog scale of Beck's depression inventory & pain inventory to them. The results are as follows. 1. Traditional physical therapy has an effect in the reduction of pain of the patients with chronic low back pain. 2. Although traditional physical therapy relieved a little the level of depression of patients with chronic low back pain. there was no evident effect statistically. 3. In the relation between the reduction of pain and level of depression, level of depression also showed somewhat relief according to the reduction of pain and appeared that they have some relationship. However, it's degree was not big. 4. In the comparison of the level of depression between the normal adult and the patient with chronic low back pain, the level of depression of the patient with low back pain are high rather than that of normal adult.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
• /
• 제17권2호
• /
• pp.15-25
• /
• 1989

The purpose of this study was to supply data of resident′s participation direction about children′s playground management. In this study, use disposition and consciousness of resident about management are investigated and analyzed at the 5 children′s playground in Taegu city. The results of this study were as follows: The result of resident′s use disposition showed ; visiting frequency was "everyday or occasionally(53.5% )", and visiting purpose was "for children(47.9 %), for rest, sports, spare time(24.6%)" and visiting time was equal1y except forenoon, and staying time was "within 1 hour(73.1%)". The satisfaction about park facilities and park existence of residents′ is composed importance degree of which is convenient, manyfunction spaces, managemental of tree and facilities in order. 9.3% of residents were proposal experience about management, and concern ratio of circumferenmce showed highly "concerned answer(45.9%)" About consciousness ratio of management subject, 46.5% of residents depended on authorities leading. Wholly, recognition ratio showed low. Park administration of authorities leading and lack of resident′s concern wore thought as its problem. About experience of cleaning beautification rout children′s playground, 14.2% of residents answered "be experience". Participation type of desirous management showed highest "cleaning of fallen leaves and rubbish(22.7% )". So, residents wished to take part in such simple managements. Charge of necessary tool and cost for management showed highest "partial charge of residents (47.9% )". About participant ratio of self government activity made by residents, 75.1% of residents answered "don′t be participated". A reason of nonparticipation showed "insufficiency of place and opportunity (38.7%), deficiency of time(17.97)". Activity of initiative and existing group can be done as a fine device in future. Desirous events for children and residents showed highest "play guidence for children or meeting for aged milan(40.7% )". Therefore, it will have to consider enough about resident′s participation program for activity of use and efficient management of children′s playground.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제16권2호
• /
• pp.635-639
• /
• 2015

Background: In the absence of routine screening program for cervical cancer in Iran and high rate of diagnosed cancer in its advanced stage, recognition of sociodemographic factors related to delayed diagnosis of cancer in Iran could be helpful in reducing the burden of disease in our community. The aim of this study was to determine the stage of cervical cancer at diagnosis and factors related to delayed diagnosis of cervical cancer in Isfahan, Iran. Materials and Methods: In this cross sectional study women diagnosed with cervical cancer for the first time by histo-pathological examination were enrolled. According to the clinical and paraclinical findings and staging of the cancer, they were classified into early and delayed diagnosis of cervical cancer. Sociodemographic factors were compared in the two groups. Results: In this study of 55 women mean age was $48.3{\pm}12.0.$ According to our classification 6/55 (10.9%) and 49/55 (89.1%) of them had early and delayed diagnosis of cervical cancer. Delayed diagnosis of the cancer was significantly higher in patients with lower degree of education, lower socioeconomic status, having smoker and addict husband and those who did not have a history of Pap smear test (p<0.05). Conclusions: The results of this study indicated risk factors related to delayed diagnosis of cervical cancer. The affected women should be targeted for implementation of specialized educational programmes for improving knowledge and screening test.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
• /
• 제28권12호
• /
• pp.1317-1323
• /
• 2005

In an attempt to examine the ability of benzisothiazole-based drugs to interact with $\beta$-adrenoceptors, a series of 1,2-benzisothiazole derivatives, which were substituted with various propanolamine or oxypropanolamine side chains in the 2 or 3 position, were synthesised and tested. The pharmacological activity of these compounds at the ,$\beta$-adrenoceptors was examined using isolated rat atria and small intestinal segments, which preferentially express the $\beta_{1}$- and $\beta_{3}$-adrenoceptor-mediated responses, respectively. None of these products showed any $\beta$-adrenoceptor agonistic activity. In contrast, the 2- and 3-substituted isopropyl, tert-butyl, benzyl, and piperonyl derivatives 2a-d and 3a-d elicited surmountable inhibition of the isoprena­line-induced chronotropic effects in the atria, suggesting competitive antagonism at the $\beta_{1}$­recognition site. The $pA_{2}$ values revealed tert-butyl 3b and the isopropyl substituted piperonyl derivatives 3a to be the most effective. Remarkably, many of the 2-substituted propanolamines were less active than the corresponding 3-substituted oxypropanolamines. With the exception of compound 3b, none of these drugs antagonised the muscle relaxant activity of isoprenaline in the intestine, suggesting no effect on the $\beta_{3}$-adrenoceptors. These results confirm the ability of the benzisothiazole ring to interact with the $\beta$-adrenoceptors, and demonstrate that 2-substitution with propanolamine or 3-substitution with oxypropanolamine groups yields compounds with preferential antagonistic activity at the cardiac $\beta_{1}$adrenoceptors. The degree of antagonism depends strongly on both the nature of the substituent and its position on the benzisothiazole ring.

• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
• /
• 제8권1호
• /
• pp.27-34
• /
• 1997

Pneumocystis carinli is an established cause of pulmonary infections in immuno-compromised hosts. Several cytoiogical stains, such as Papanicolaou, Gomori methenamine sliver(GMS) and Diff-Quik have been used for detection of the organism, but occasionally can be laborious and, due to a degree of nonspecificity, may be misleading. We evaluated the diagnostic utility of immunocytochenmical stains that recognize P. carinii in bornchoalveolar lavage from experimentally Induced P. carinii pneumonia rats(n=15). In audition to routine stains for diagnosis by morphologic recognition of P. carinii on Papanicolaou, GMS and Diff-Quik stains, bronchoalveolar lavage samples were reacted with immunocytochemical stains using monoclonal antibodies(MAB) 092 and 902. In bronchoalveolar lavage P. carinii organisms were detected In 9 of 10 cases(90%) using each MAB 092 and 902, whereas GMS and Diff-Quik stains demonstrated P. carinii in 13(86%) and 11(73%) of 15 cases respectively. In lung tissue specimens(n=15) P. carinii organisms were well identified on GMS stain and immunohistochemical stains using MAB 092 and 902 in ail cases. We believe that the immunocytochemical staining using MAB 092 and/or 902 is a very useful and diagnostic tool In addition to GMS and Diff-Qulk stain to detect P. carinii organisms in bronchoalveolar lavage.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제18권6호
• /
• pp.868-872
• /
• 2005

Individual management of the animal is the first step towards reaching the goal of precision livestock farming that aids animal welfare. Accurate recognition of each individual animal is important for precise management. Electronic identification of cattle, usually referred to as RFID (Radio Frequency Identification), has many advantages for farm management. In practice, however, RFID implementations can cause several problems. Reading speed and distance must be optimized for specific applications. Image processing is more effective than RFID for the development of precision farming system in livestock. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to attempt the identification of cattle by using image processing. The majority of the research on the identification of cattle by using image processing has been for the black-and-white patterns of the Holstein. But, native Japanese and Korean cattle do not have a consistent pattern on the body, so that identification by pattern is impossible. This research aims to identify to Japanese black cattle, which does not have a black-white pattern on the body, by using image processing and a neural network algorithm. 12 Japanese black cattle were tested. Values of input parameter were calculated by using the face image values of 12 cows. The face was identified by the associate neural memory algorithm, and the algorithm was verified by the transformed face image, for example, of brightness, distortion, noise and angle. As a result, there was difference due to a transformation ratio of the brightness, distortion, noise, and angle. The algorithm could identify 100% in the range from -30 to +30 degrees of brightness, -20 to +40 degrees of distortion, 0 to 60% of noise and -20 to +30 degree of angle transformed images.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
• /
• 제27권4호
• /
• pp.1147-1159
• /
• 2015

The purpose of this study was to verify the analysis of level of importance and satisfaction in recognitions of elementary school students on useful classes among school sport clubs using Importance-Performance analysis. In order to achieve this objective, samples were taken by using convenience sampling method among non-probability sampling methods, and 384 data were used as the final valid samples for this study except 16 data with missing items or insincere responses. The results of frequency analysis, exploratory factor analysis, independent samples t-test, IPA analysis by using SPSS 20.0 were as follows. First, Iquadrant included education contents of enhance ability to ingenuity, teaching method of provides option, teaching method of encourage participation activity, education contents of the aspect of fun, evaluation of motor function and emotion, education contents of explains key contents easily, and education contents of understanding overall context. II quadrant included education environment of good sport facility, class environment of fair opportunity for activity, class atmosphere of arouses interest, and class atmosphere of autonomous and voluntary. III quadrant included diverse teaching method and instructor's demonstration, class atmosphere of systematic learning, evaluation of fairness, objectivity, and credibility, and an atmosphere that can exercise. IV quadrant included education contents of enable acquisition of knowledge and degree of improvement into consideration, and class atmosphere of trust and respect between instructor and student.

• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
• /
• 제14호
• /
• pp.359-388
• /
• 2006

This article shows how the tradition of German historicism and positive historical science contributed to the establishment of German archival system, especially the principle of provenance and original order. The theory of historicism focused on the recognition and realization of the individuality of the history as a whole unit which is made up of the mutually and organically organized cultural entities. The theory of historicism as this kind of world view got its academic basis from the methodology of the positive historical science, namely the critical reviews on the archival sources which exist in mutually and organically organized record entities. In this context, the scholars of the historicism saw the establishment of the efficient archival systems as necessary. To some great degree, the emergence of the principle of the provenance and original order was its logical result. The author of this paper tried to highlight this point of view historically, on the basis of the activities of Ranke, Sybel and Lehmann around and in the Prussia Privy State Archives throughout the 19th century.