• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.337-341
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• 2006

Spam email is an electronic mail sent to a large number of netizen who do not want it. Criminals have been to take an advantage of this tool easily through harmful activities such as phishing. Recently the spam mail containing commercial information is broadly accepted as an illegal commitment to endangering the network. According some report, it could cause real damages. For the better policy on controlling spam mail we need new Efficient Countermeasure. Several laws have been enacted in Korea for controlling spam mail. The most important acts is the Using and Protecting Communication Act. Main targets of this law is virus spreading, computer hacking, cyber pornography, intellectual property breaching, private or public information abusing and cyber terrorism. But the Using and Protecting Communication Act is insufficient to control spam mail. For the better policy on controlling spam mail we need new Efficient Countermeasure. Therefore, this research wishes to present way to control for efficient spam mail through enactment of conversion, induction of clash action system degree, special law of national regulation form for spam mail.

• Journal of Korean Society of societal Security
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.41-48
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• 2011

Pedestrian environment not only affects the quantitative degree in pedestrian movement, but also an impact on the local economics and environment that speaks within the greater dialogue of the qualitative life in an urban context. Recent urban planning issues have matured from a linear street development to a conversion of pedestrian friendly streets that synchronizes the entire pedestrian movement structures as a whole. Subject cases, Myung-Dong and Kwanchul-Dong, were selected from time regulated pedestrian streets in Seoul. Analysis of these streets was done through field studies and interviews. From the research, the outcome was helpful in providing the developers a greater perspective with the pedestrian movement structure that is not confined to a certain parameter, but in a larger scale within the urban environment. It was also useful in justifying ambiguous locations of pedestrian-only streets and crosswalks. Also, It aided in planning optimal scheme that concurs with the predictable pedestrian movement.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.74-82
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• 2008

This paper investigates chrominance reconstruction methods that reconstruct subsampled chrominance information efficiently using the correlation between luminance and chrominance components in the decompression process of compressed images, and analyzes drawbacks involved in the adaptive-weighted 2-dimensional linear interpolation among the methods, which shows higher efficiency in the view of computational complexity than other methods. To improve the drawback that the spatial frequency distribution is not considered for the decompressed image and to support the application on a low-performance system in behalf of 2-dimensional linear interpolation, this paper proposes the multi-mode reconstruction method which uses three reconstruction methods having different computational complexity from each other according to the degree of edge response of luminance component. The performance evaluation on a development platform for embedded systems showed that the proposed reconstruction method supports the similar level of image quality for decompressed images while reducing the overall computation time for chrominance reconstruction in comparison with the 2-dimensional linear interpolation.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.674-680
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• 2008

An SDR (Software Defined Radio) system based on general purpose computing platform has benefits of ease of software development process, high degree of software compatibility, and cost-effectiveness of general purpose processors. This paper discusses design and implementation of a dual-mode SDR system that supports both cordless phone and walkie-talky system running on Linux-based general purpose computing platform. For this purpose, we designed modulation and demodulation software on open source-based GNU radio middleware. We also designed a customized RF front-end hardware which performs frequency conversion between RF and IF. The proposed SDR system successfully exhibited its ability to operate both cordless phone and walkie-talky communication on Intel processor-based general purpose computing platform. But experience with the prototype SDR system shows that further research is required for run-time software reconfiguration and efficient integration with conventional TCP/IP protocol stacks.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.85-90
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• 2022

In this study, in order to test the performance of the aircraft system, a threat signal simulator that can transmit a signal similar to the actual threat to the aircraft under test with high power was designed. The high-power threat signal simulator should be able to transmit broadband (UHF band, L band, S band, X band) communication signals and radar signals, and control to transmit signals accurately directed to the aircraft through interfacing tracking radar. The signal strength of the developed equipment is 63 dBm to 93 dBm or more depending on type of signal, and the tracking precision is less than 0.1 degree, which satisfies the required performance. And it was confirmed that the antenna of the high-power threat signal simulator can accurately direct the signal to the aircraft position through the tracking radar interfacing.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.161-174
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of ethanol addition on efficacy of two-step total-etch adhesive under over-wet condition by measurement of remaining volatile part (RVP), microtensile bond strength (${\mu}TBS$), and degree of conversion (DC). Two-step total-etch adhesive, Optibond Solo Plus (Kerr, Orange, USA), was used. Experimental groups were divided into 8 groups: Group 1 (only 10 ${\mu}l$ adhesive), Group 2 (mixture of 3 ${\mu}l$ distilled water and 10 ${\mu}l$ adhesive), From Group 3 to Group 8 (mixture of 3 ${\mu}l$ distilled water, 10 ${\mu}l$ adhesive, and ethanol added in 1 ${\mu}l$ increment from 1 ${\mu}l$ to 6 ${\mu}l$). The mixtures were placed on slide glass and evaporated for 10 s, 30 s, and 60 s by air-drying. The weight of RVP was measured by precision weight. Same procedures were performed for ${\mu}TBS$ test and measurement of DC. The condition of mixed solution was observed under light microscope. For RVP weight, the weights of experimental groups except for group 1 decreased with the increase of air-drying time (p<0.05). The DC increased with the increase of air-drying time in only group 5 and 6 (p<0.05). The ${\mu}TBS$ increased with the increase of air-drying time in group only 5, 6, and 7 (p<0.05). The phase separation was examined and water blisters were diminished with the increase of air-drying time in group 5, 6, 7, and 8. Within the limits of this study, ethanol additionally applied to adhesive decreased RVP and increased DC and ${\mu}TBS$ under over-wet condition. It was shown that the addition of ethanol to two-step total-etch adhesive under over-wet condition would remove water and increase the efficacy of adhesive.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.47-63
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• 2011

Purpose : This research is to examine the work and job satisfaction of paramedics in the emergency room of university hospitals. This research is done to provide basic data needed for establishing work realms of paramedics in hospitals and to enhance their degree of satisfaction. Methods : Research questionnaire survey was conducted on 141 paramedics working in the emergency room of 32 university hospitals from August 24, 2010 to September 30, 2010 through direct visits and telephone interviews or email to explain the purpose of this research and assurance of confidentiality of responses on the questionnaires. As the tool for the degree of job satisfaction, 'The Index of Work Satisfaction' developed by Slavitt, et al(1978) and revised and supplemented by Soon-shim Kim and Hye-ran Kwon(2002) was used. The collected data were analyzed by evaluating frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test and ANOVA, Cronbach's $\alpha$ by using SPSS WIN 18.0 program. Results : 1. Investigating the work and role of paramedics in the emergency room of university hospitals, electrocardiogram(EKG) was found to be highest with $\alpha$ was widely used with the rate of patient evaluation and test area. In the medical treatment for patients area, cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR) with 95%(134 persons) and ventilation assistance through ambu bagging(BVM) with 95%(134 persons) were found to be high. $\alpha$ were performed. In the role within the hospital and other areas, a member of CPR team in the hospital accounted for 78%(110 persons). 2. In the measurements of the job satisfaction of paramedics working at university hospitals, the total mean score was 2.91. The mean score in each question area indicated: section on job 3.48, autonomy 3.05, interaction 3.01, organizational demand 2.85, working conditions 2.67, salaries 2.40. This result obviously demonstrates the work of paramedics itself was most satisfied but the salaries were most dissatisfied. 3. In the measurements of the job satisfaction of paramedics working at university hospitals, job satisfaction based on the general characteristics showed significant difference in age (F=6.547, p=.002), gender (F=4.436, p=.000) marital status (F=-3.270, p= .001), religion (F=2.041, p= .043), motive for application (F=3.603, p= .015), and salary (F=6.658, p= .000). 대학병원 응급실 내 1급 응급구조사의 업무와 직무만족도 The Journal of the Korean Society of Emergency Medical Technology Vol. 15 (1) 63 4. In the measurements of the job satisfaction of paramedics working at university hospitals, job satisfaction based on the working environmental characteristics showed significant difference in total number of paramedics (F=3.779, p= .012), form of employment (F=5.601, p= .001), existence or non-existence of intention to change jobs (F=-4.037, p= .000). Conclusion : The work of paramedics in the emergency room of university hospitals consists of lots of treatment processes after specialized diagnosis and performance of professionally subdivided works. However, current legislation does not reflect such circumstances to which paramedics are exposed; thus, it should be considered for further revision and modification. The degree of job satisfaction of paramedics in the emergency room of university hospitals was high but low in salaries and working conditions were the weak points. The measures to enhance their degree of job satisfaction should be taken though improvement of labor conditions such as consideration of the rate of increase in salaries, compensation for overtime work, providing rest areas, improvement of current employment system, and conversion of temporary employees into regular employees.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.760-765
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• 2013

The image analysis as a tool for evaluation of browning degree on fresh-cut lotus root was studied. The fresh-cut lotus root treated as 4 groups (Cont-without any treatment, DB-blanching at $50^{\circ}C$ for 5 min in distilled water, AB-blanching at $45^{\circ}C$ for 5 min in 1% ascorbic acid, CB-blanching at $45^{\circ}C$ for 5 min in 1% citric acid). The samples treated with each methods were packaged with 0.04 mm polyethylene bag ($25cm{\times}30cm$) and stored at $4^{\circ}C$ for 9 days. On the RGB color space, the AB and CB group showed high R, G, B value. On the HSV and CIE $L^*a^*b^*$ color space, the AB and CB group showed low browning area, $a^*$, $b^*$ value and high $L^*$ value. Polyphenol oxidase activity was low in the AB and CB groups in all storage period. This result means that the AB and CB groups were inhibited the development of tissue browning. The result of sensory evaluation also supported this opinion. And the correlation coefficient between sensory evaluation with all color values was over 0.84. Especially, the $L^*$ value showed the highest correlation coefficient (0.93). In conclusion, the image analysis is suitable for analysis of browning degree on fresh-cut lotus root by analyzing diverse color value.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.33 no.9
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• pp.662-669
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• 2011

This study was conducted to biologically convert methane into methanol. Methane contained in biogas was bio-catalytically oxidized by methane monooxygenase (MMO) of methanotrophs, while methanol conversion was observed by inhibiting methanol dehydrogenase (MDH) using MDH activity inhibitors such as phosphate, NaCl, $NH_4Cl$, and EDTA. The degree of methane oxidation by methanotrophs was the most highly accomplished as 0.56 mmol for the condition at $35^{\circ}C$ and pH 7 under 0.4 (v/v%) of biogas ($CH_4$ 50%, $CO_2$ 50%) / Air ratio. By the inhibition of 40 mM of phosphate, 50 mM of NaCl, 40 mM of $NH_4Cl$ and $150{\mu}m$ of EDTA, methane oxidation rate could achieve more than 80% regardless of type of inhibitors. In the meantime, addition of 40 mM of phosphate, 100 mM of NaCl, 40 mM of $NH_4Cl$ and $50{\mu}m$ of EDTA each led to generating the highest amount of methanol, i.e, 0.71, 0.60, 0.66, and 0.66 mmol when 1.3, 0.67, 0.74, and 1.3 mmol of methane was each concurrently consumed. At that time, methanol conversion rate was 54.7, 89.9, 89.6, and 47.8% respectively, and maximum methanol production rate was $7.4{\mu}mol/mg{\cdot}h$. From this, it was decided that the methanol production could be maximized as 89.9% when MDH activity was specifically inhibited into the typical level of 35% for the inhibitor of concern.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.1-19
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• 2010

In offline environment, unlike traditional advertising model through TV, newspaper, and radio, online advertising model draws instantaneous responses from potential consumers and it is convenient to assess. This kind of characteristics of Internet advertising model has driven the growth of advertising model among various Internet business models. There are, conventionally classified, CPM (Cost Per Mile), CPC (Cost Per Click), and CPS (Cost Per Sales) models as Internet advertising expenditure model. These can be examined in manners regarding risks that stakeholders should stand and degree of responsibility. CPM model that is based on number of advertisement exposure is mechanically exposed to users but not actually recognized by users resulting in risk of wasted expenditure by advertisers without any advertising effect. While on aspect of media, CPS model that is based on conversion action is the most risky model because of the conversion action such as product purchase is determined by capability of advertisers not that of media. In this regard, while there are issue of CPM and CPS models disadvantageously affecting only one side of Internet advertising business model value network, CPC model has been evaluated as reasonable both to advertisers and media, and occupied the largest segment of Internet advertising market. However, CPC model also can cause fraudulent behavior such as click fraud because of the competition or dishonest amount of advertising expenditure. On the user aspect, unintentionally accessed advertisements can lead to more inappropriate expenditure from advertisers. In this paper, we suggest "CPCD"(Cost Per Coupon Download) model. This goes beyond simple clicking of advertisements and advertising expenditure is exerted when users download a coupon from advertisers, which is a concept in between CPC and CPS models. To achieve the purpose, we describe the scenario of advertiser perspective, processes, participants and their benefits of CPCD model. Especially, we suggest the new value in online coupon; "possibility of storage" and "complement for delivery to the target group". We also analyze the working condition for advertiser by a comparison of CPC and CPCD models through advertising expenditure simulation. The result of simulation implies that the CPCD model suits more properly to advertisers with medium-low price products rather than that of high priced goods. This denotes that since most of advertisers in CPC model are dealing with medium-low priced products, the result is very interesting. At last, we contemplate applicability of CPCD model in ubiquitous environment.