• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.957-965
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• 2006

This study was peformed to evaluate antithrombotic activities and anti-inflammatory effects of Kami-BoyangHwanoh-Tang(KBHT). The major findings were summarized as follows. In experiment of anti-thrombotic effect; KBHT inhibited human platelet aggregation induced by ADP and epinephrine as compared with the control group and inhibited pulmonary embolism induced by collagen and epinephrine (inhibitory rate is 50 %). KBHT increased platelet number significantly and also KBHT shortened PT and APTT significantly as compared with the control group in thrombus model induced by dextran. In experiment of anti-inflammatory effect; KBHT inhibited $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6, $TNF-{\alpha}$, COX-2 and NOS-II mRNA expression as compared with the control group in a concentration-dependent degree, and inhibited NO production significantly at 50, $100\;{\mu}g/^{ml}$, and also inhibited ROS production in a concentration-dependent degree as compared with the control group in RAW 264.7 cell line. KBHT inhibited $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6 and $TNF-{\alpha}$ production significantly in serum of acute inflammation-induced mice, and decreased $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6 and $TNF-{\alpha}$ production in spleen tissue, and also decreased IL-6 and $TNF-{\alpha}$ production in liver tissue, but increased $IL-1{\beta}$ production in liver tissue of acute inflammation-induced mice. KBHT increased survival rate at 3rd day in mice with lethal endotoxemia induced by LPS. These results suggest that KBHT can be useful in treating diverse female diseases caused by thrombosis and inflammation such as endometrosis, myoma, pelvic congestion, chronic cervicitis, chronic pelvic inflammatory disease and so on.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.97-111
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• 2005

This study was performed to evaluate anti-thrombotic activities and anti-inflammatory effects of ChungyeolHaedogHwaeoTang water extract(CHHT). The results were summarized as follows. In experiment of anti-thrombotic effect; 1. CHHT inhibited human platelet aggregation induced by ADP and epinephrine as compared with the control group, and inhibited pulmonary embolism induced by collagen and epinephrine (inhibitory rate is 37.5%). 2. CHHT increased platelet number significantly, and also CHHT shortened PT and APTT significantly as compared with the control group in thrombus model induced by dextran. In experiment of anti-inflammatory effect; 3. CHHT inhibited $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6, TNF-${\alpha}$, COX-2 and NOS-II mRNA expression as compared with the control group in a concentration-dependent degree, and inhibited NO production significantly at 50, 100 ${\mu}g/ml$, and also inhibited ROS production in a concentration-dependent degree as compared with the control of group in RAW 264.7 cell line. 4. CHHT inhibited $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6 and TNF-${\alpha}$ production significantly in serum of acute inflammation-induced mice, and decreased $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6 and TNF-${\alpha}$ production in spleen tissue, and also decreased $IL-1{\beta}$, and IL-6 production in liver tissue, but increased TNF-${\alpha}$ production in liver tissue of acute inflammation-induced Balb/c mice. 5. CHHT increased survival rate from the 3rd day in ICR mice with lethal endotoxemia induced by LPS. These results suggest that CHHT can be useful in treating diverse female diseases caused by thrombosis and inflammation such as menstrual pain, menstrual disorder, leukorrhea, vaginitis, cervicitis, pelvic inflammatory disease and so on.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.83-90
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• 1996

The changing shape of absorption and fluorescence spectra will increasing S/D in AO-AOT system decreases and then increases again. The aggregation and disaggreation in AO-AOT system occurres. According to increasing temperature, the absorbance increases in pure AO system. But it gradually decreases in premicellar range(S/D = 10, 20, 50 and 80). The disappearance degree of metachromasy according to the concentration of added salt to AO-AOT system is increased. However, the case of $NaNO_3$is reversed. The order of disappearance degree of metachromasy on cationic salts is $Li^+$, $Na^+$ > $Mg^{2+}$ > $Ca^{2+}$, and the order of it on anionic salts is $Cl^-$ > $SO_4{^{2-}}$ > $NO_3{^-}$.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.85-101
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• 2006

Actual type of aggregation performed by an ordered weighted averaging (OWA) operator heavily depends upon the weighting vector. A number of approaches have been suggested for obtaining the associated weights. In this paper, we present analytic forms of OWA operator weighting functions, each of which has such properties as rank-based weights and constant value of orness, irrespective of number of objectives aggregated. Specifically, we propose four analytic forms of OWA weighting functions that can be positioned at 0.25, 0.334, 0.667, and 0.75 on the orness scale. The merits for using these weights over other weighting schemes can be mentioned in a couple of ways. Firstiy, we can efficiently utilize the analytic forms of weighting functions without solving complicated mathematical programs once the degree of orness is specified a priori by decision maker. Secondly, combined with well-known OWA operator weights such as max, min, and average, any weighting vectors, having a desired value of orness and being independent of the number of objectives, can be generated. This can be accomplished by convex combinations of predetermined weighting functions having constant values of orness. Finally, in terms of a measure of dispersion, newly generated weighting vectors show just a few discrepancies with weights generated by maximum entropy OWA.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.162-173
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• 2006

The water-extracts of Scutellaria barbata Don (SBDE) were isolated from Chinese medicinal plant sources. The extracts showed strong growth-inhibitory activity and cancer chemopreventive activity on the growth and DNA incorporation of MG63 human osteosarcoma and K562 human leukemia cell lines. The growth of human cancer cells was inhibited in the presence of the extracts (20, 50 and 100 ${\mu}$g/ml), and the effects were concentration-dependent and incubation time-dependent up to 8 days. When 50 ${\mu}$g/ml of the extracts was added to the media of MG63 and K562, cell growth after 8 days or 6 days of incubation was retarded by 93.2 to 97.3% of the control group. Morphological changes of MG63 and K562 cell lines were observed. As the concentration of the extracts increased up to 50 ${\mu}$g/ml, degree of cell aggregation decreased. Moreover, the DNA incorporation of the cells which were labeled with [3H] thymidine was significantly reduced after 3 days of incubation at $37^{\circ}C$ with the extract. Therefore, it is suggested that the extract is highly effective on inhibition of cancer cell growth. The extract also inhibited gene expression of IGF-II in transcriptional level. Since IGF-II works as a mitogenic effector on MG63 and K562 cell lines, these results suggest that the growth inhibition is in part mediated through the inhibition of IGF-II gene expression.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.484-490
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• 2014

Reduced graphene oxide (RGO) was fabricated using gelatin as a reductant, and it could be stably dispersed in gelatin solution without aggregation. A series of RGO/gelatin composite films with various RGO contents were prepared by a solution-casting method. The structure and thermal properties of the RGO/gelatin composite films were characterized by UV-vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). The addition of RGO enhances the degree of crosslinking of gelatin films and decreases the swelling ability of the gelatin films in water, indicating that RGO/gelatin composite films have a better wet stability than gelatin films. The glass transition temperature ($T_g$) of gelatin films is also increased with the incorporation of RGO. The presence of RGO slightly increases the degradation temperature of gelatin films due to the very low content of RGO in the composite films. Since gelatin is a natural and nontoxic biomacromolecule, the RGO/gelatin composite films are expected to have potential applications in the biomedical field.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.34 no.7
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• pp.2099-2104
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• 2013

We present here an efficient and simple method for preparation of highly active Pd heterogeneous catalyst (CNT-Pd), specifically by reaction of dichlorobis(triphenylphosphine)palladium ($Pd(PPh_3)_2Cl_2$) with thiolated carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The as-prepared CNT-Pd catalysts demonstrated an excellent catalytic activity for the carbon-carbon (C-C) cross-coupling reactions (i.e. Suzuki, Stille, and decarboxylative coupling reactions) under mild conditions. The CNT-Pd catalyst could easily be removed from the reaction mixture; additionally, in the decarboxylative coupling of iodobenzene and phenylpropiolic acid, it showed a six-times recyclability, with no loss of activity. Moreover, once its activity had decreased by repeated recycling, it could easily be reactivated by the addition of phosphine ligands. The remarkable recyclability of the decarboxylative coupling reaction is attributable to the high degree of dispersion of Pd catalysts in CNTs. Aggregation of the Pd catalysts is inhibited by their strong adhesion to the thiolated CNTs during the chemical reactions, thereby permitting their recycling.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.603-610
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• 1996

Spatial distribution of faeces by Japanese Black heifers and steers was investigated. The animals grazed a bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum $Fl\ddot{u}gge$) pasture in the daytime from 9 a.m. to 4 p.m., and spent the rest of the day in a barn. The pasture consisted of three paddocks, an alley and a resting area, and the paddocks were grazed rotationally. The number of defecations and the faecal weight excreted in the pasture were greater than those expected from the proportion of time that the animals spent in the pasture. These values were correspondingly smaller in the barn. The distribution of faeces to the paddock, alley and resting area of the pasture was usually not proportional to the area of the respective places. The number of defeations and the faecal weight were usually distributed less densely in the paddock than in the resting area. The degree of aggregation of defecation in the paddock, alley and resting area varied with the meteorological factors such as the air temperature, solar radiation and rainfall during the grazing, and the intake of hay supplement of the previous day.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.167-173
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• 1997

The inhibitory effects of kale juice on the growh and DNA incorporation of human cancer cells, using HT-29 colon cancer cells, MG-63 osteosarcoma cells, AGS gastric adenocarcinoma cells and K-562 leukemia cells, were studied. The growth of human cancer cells were inhibited in the presence of kale juice (10, 20 nd 40$\mu$l/ml) and the effects were the juice concentration- and incubation time-dependent up to 6 days. When 20$\mu$l/ml of kale juice was added to the media of HT-29, MG-63, AGS and K-562 cancer cells, the cell growth after 6 or 4 days of incubation was retarded by 83~95% of control group. Morphological changes of HT-29 colon cancer cells wre studied under inverted microscope. As the concentration of kale juice increased up to 20$\mu$l/ml, degree of cell aggregation was decreased. Moreover, the DNA incorporation o AGS gastric adenocarcinoma cells and MG-63 osteosarcoma cells which were labeled with [$^3$H] thymidine was significantly reduced after 2 days of incubation at 37$^{\circ}C$ with kale juice. Therefore, we concluded that kale juice strongly decreased the growth of various human cancer cells.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.484-490
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• 1997

Spatial distribution of urination by Japanese Black heifers and steers was investigated, and compared with the distribution of defecation. The animals grazed a bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum $Fl\ddot{u}gge$) pasture in the daytime, and spent the rest of the day in a barn. The distribution of urination to the pasture was greater than that expected from the proportion of time that the animals spent in the pasture. Correspondingly, the distribution was smaller in the barn. Such a distribution pattern of urination to the pasture and barn was similar to that of defecation, and affected by the intake of supplement on the previous day. The distribution of urination within the pasture, i.e. the distribution to the paddock, alley and resting area, was often uneven on an area basis. The animals often urinated sparsely in the alley and resting area, while they urinated in the paddock almost proportionally to its area. This was a clear contrast to the distribution pattern of defecation, which was sparse in the paddock and dense in the resting area. The degree of aggregation of urination in the paddock, alley and resting area varied with the meteorological factors and the intake of supplement.