• 한국제4기학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국제4기학회 2005년도 추계학술대회
• /
• pp.34-39
• /
• 2005

A 120-cm core recovered from Lake Hovsgol, the northern Mongolia provides evidence for climate variability since the Marine Isotope Stage 3, representing a sharp lithological change. The lowermost part of the core consists of diatom-barren calcareous silty clay without coarse sands, framboidal pyrite, and biogenic components deposited during the MIS 3. Following the last glacial maximum, in-situ moss is included in the sediments, as lake-level was retreated by cold and dry environment with low precipitation. The AMS radiocarbon ages of the plant fragments match a marked lithologic boundary between 14,060 and 14,325 $^{14}C$ yr BP. The contents of coarse sands abruptly increase, indicating probably wind-derived sandy dust or coarse grains contributed from floating icebergs. And abundant framboidal pyrite grains were deposited in an anoxic environment, as reflected by high accumulation of organic matters at a low lake stand. During the deglaciation, quantities of coarse sands, ostracod, shell fragments, framboidal pyrite, and diatom markedly varies by regional and global scale climate regimes. Some allochthonous coarse sands were probably ice-rafted debris derived from floating icebergs. A rapid increase in diatom productivity probably marked the onset of Bolling-Allerodwarming. Subsequent high concentration of framboidal pyrite probably represents a dry and cold condition, such as Younger Drays events. Consistent warm period with high precipitation at Holocene is documented by diatomaceous clayey ooze without framboidal pyrite, coarse sands, and ostracod.

• 한국제4기학회지
• /
• 제19권2호
• /
• pp.55-58
• /
• 2005

A 120-cm core recovered from Lake Hovsgol, the northern Mongolia provides evidence for climate variability since the Marine Isotope Stage 3, representing a sharp lithological change. The lowermost part of the core consists of diatom-barren calcareous silty clay without coarse sands, framboidal pyrite, and biogenic components deposited during the MIS 3. Following the last glacial maximum, in-situ moss is included in the sediments, as lake-level was retreated by cold and dry environment with low precipitation. The AMS radiocarbon ages of the plant fragments match a marked lithologic boundary between 14,060 and 14,325 $^{14}C$ yr BP. The contents of coarse sands abruptly increase, indicating probably wind-derived sandy dust or coarse grains contributed from floating icebergs. And abundant framboidal pyrite grains were deposited in an anoxic environment, as reflected by high accumulation of organic matters at a low lake stand. During the deglaciation, quantities of coarse sands, ostracod, shell fragments, framboidal pyrite, and diatom markedly varies by regional and global scale climate regimes. Some allochthonous coarse sands were probably ice-rafted debris derived from floating icebergs. A rapid increase in diatom productivity probably marked the onset of Bolling-Allerod warming. Subsequent high concentration of framboidal pyrite probably represents a dry and cold condition, such as Younger Drays events. Consistent warm period with high precipitation at Holocene is documented by diatomaceous clayey ooze without framboidal pyrite, coarse sands, and ostracod.

• Journal of the korean society of oceanography
• /
• 제31권4호
• /
• pp.207-216
• /
• 1996

A geochemical study of three piston cores (ST.4, ST.6 and ST.20) taken from the Northwest Pacific (eastern edge of Shikoku Basin) provides information about changes in surface water paleoproductivity and sedimentation during the last 127 kys. Paleoproductivity variations were estimated on the basis of total organic carbon content and carbonate mass accumulation rate. The paleoproductivity based on total organic carbon shows significant spatial variations between glacial and interglacial periods. During the last glacial maximum (LGM) paleoproductivity increased about 1.5 times with deglaciation decrease compared with those of the Holocene at inner side of the Shikoku Basin (ST.4 and ST.6). On the other hand, paleoproductivity at outer side of Shikoku Basin (ST.20) indicating not distinctive increase but deglaciation increase. The C/N ratios fall below 10 for cores ST.4 and ST.6, but C/N ratios between 100 ka and 80 ka in ST.20 which show around 10 or larger values suggest a predominance of marine organic carbon with some admixture of terrigenous materials. The carbonate mass accumulation rate of three cores show different patterns of calcareous record with respect to organic carbon based paleoproductivity variation. In the inner side of Shikoku Basin (ST.4 and ST.6) the carbonate mass accumulation rate decreased during last glacial maximum, and significant increase of carbonate mass accumulation rate is recognized at outer side of Shikoku Basin (ST.20). Thus, this set of data reveals that spatial paleoproductivity variations between inner and outer side of Shikoku Basin during the glacial and interglacial periods.

• Ocean and Polar Research
• /
• 제24권3호
• /
• pp.249-253
• /
• 2002

There is a great deal evidence concerning crustal uplift, after deglaciation, in the vicinity of Syowa Station $(69^{\circ}S,\;39^{\circ}E)$ from tide gauge data, seismic evidence, raised beaches, marine terraces, etc. The geomorphological and tide gauge data show that the crustal uplift is going on around Syowa Station. Seismic observations at Syowa Station started in 1959. Phase readings of the earthquakes have been published by National Institute of Polar Research once a year since 1968, as one of the Data Report Series. Eighteen local earthquakes were detected on short period seismograms at Syowa Station in 1990-2000. The seismicity during the period from 1990 to 2000 was lower than that from 1987 to 1989 when epicenters of local earthquakes were determined by tripartite seismic array. Local earthquake activity corroborates the crustal uplif4 which is an intermittent phenomenon. Sea level falling of 4.5 mm/y was found using data in 1975-1992. This felling rate is consistent with the geomorphological data. A route for repeat leveling survey was established in East Ongul Island. No appreciable change of sea level was observed for the last 14 years. A dynamics of the crustal uplift around Syowa Station has been discussed using geomorphological data, ocean tide, and seismic and leveling data, which is estimated to be an intermittent phenomenon. When local seismic activity is high, the crustal uplift is estimated to be going on. On the contrary, the crustal uplift is in dormancy when the local seismicity is low. Repeated leveling measurements suggest no significant changes, which further supports the idea that the crustal uplift in offshore is not a tilt trend movement but a block movement.

• 한국해양학회지:바다
• /
• 제14권3호
• /
• pp.134-144
• /
• 2009

베링해 중부 지역에서 획득된 피스톤 코아 PC23A의 퇴적물에서 오팔과 총유기탄소의 함량을 측정하고 집적률을 계산하여 마지막 빙하기 이후의 고생산성 변화를 살펴보았다. 코아 PC23A의 연대는 부유성 유공충의 AMS $^{14}C$ 탄소연대와 방산충 L. nipponica sakaii의 마지막 출현 기준에 의해서 결정되어있으며, 코아 최하단부가 약 61,000년 전으로 계산되었고, 코아 상부는 일부 손실된 것으로 판단된다. 오팔과 총유기탄소 함량은 마지막 빙하기 동안 각각 1-10%, 0.2-1.0%의 범위에서 변동하였으며, 각각 5%와 0.7%의 평균값을 보였다. 반면, 후빙기 동안에 오팔과 총유기탄소 함량은 5-22%, 0.8-1.2%의 범위에서 변동하였으며, 평균값은 각각 8%와 1.0%로 증가된 값을 보여주었다. 마찬가지로 오팔과 총유기탄소의 집적률도 마지막 빙하기($1gcm^{-2}kyr^{-1}$, $0.2gcm^{-2}kyr^{-1}$)동안 보다 후빙기 동안(>$5gcm^{-2}kyr^{-1}$, >$1gcm^{-2}kyr^{-1}$)에 증가하였다. 후빙기 동안 증가된 생산성은 온난한 기후에서 해빙의 발달이 미비하고 높아진 해수면 조건에서 주변 육상으로부터 융빙수의 유입 증가와 남쪽으로부터 알라스카 해류 유입의 증가에 의하여 영양염 공급이 충분한 환경에서 규조류가 번성하였기 때문이다. 반면, 마지막 빙하기 동안에는 낮아진 해수면으로 인하여 알라스카 해류의 유입이 감소하여 영양염의 공급이 제한되고, 낮은 수온과 추운 기후로 인해 광범위하게 발달한 해빙에 의해서 생산성이 감소되었다.

• Ocean and Polar Research
• /
• 제30권3호
• /
• pp.215-224
• /
• 2008

A piston core (MR06-04 PC23A) collected from the northern continental slope in the central Bering Sea has recorded the high-resolution millennial-scale variation of calcium carbonate ($CaCO3$) content during the last 65 kyr. An estimation of the age of the core sediments was carried out by using the lithologic correlation of the deglacial laminated layers with a neighboring core (HLY02023JPC), complementing the last appearance datum of both Lychnocanoma nipponica sakaii (54 kyr) and Amphimelissa setosa (85 kyr). The probable age of core MR06-04 PC23A was approximately younger than 65 kyr. Two distinct events of a significant increase of $CaCO3$ in the deglacial laminated sediments clearly correspond to MWP1A and MWP1B in the Bering Sea (Gorbarenko et al. 2005) and to T1ANP and T1BNP in the North Pacific (Gorbarenko 1996). These pronounced peaks of $CaCO3$ contents result from the elevated carbonate production in the surface water and the subsequent weakened dilution due to terrestrial input, along with an enhanced oxygen minimum zone. The $CaCO3$ contents are low (${\sim}2%$) during the last glacial period mainly because of a low carbonate production caused by an expanded sea-ice cover and an increased dilution by terrigenous particles due to their closer distance to the continent during the sea-level low stand. The occurrence of seven distinct $CaCO3$ peaks in core MR06-04 PC23A is remarkable during MIS 3 and MIS 4, and they most likely correlate to the short-term millennial Dansgaard-Oeschger events.

• Ocean and Polar Research
• /
• 제25권4호
• /
• pp.653-662
• /
• 2003

Changes in the area of geo-ecosystem $(62^{\circ}09'S,\;58^{\circ}31'w)$ reflect climatic changes in the South Shetland Islands. Air temperature and deglaciation will increase. The ice-free space area at the SSSS 8- (ASPA 121) site has enlarged threefold during the last 21 years, thus creating conditions for inhabitation and succession. Wind, water and snow play important roles in transportation of geochemical components. They distribute nutrients, mineral substances, seeds, fragments of plants and animals, etc. Plant and animal colonization is patchy and it happens at random in an 'island' - like manner. The colonization pattern is dependant, to a high degree on physical factors. The newly uncovered ice-free areas are at first inhabited by a vascular plant known as the Deschampsia antarctica. The border of the land-oasis with Admiralty Bay is the place where the processes related to animal feeding at the sea and reproduction on the land take place. Bird colonies and pinniped lairs form centers of fertilization surrounded by high chemical gradients dependent on the direction of the flow of nutrients $(e.g.\;NH_4)$. During the last 25 years, the numbers of penguins in this region have decreased, and thus the amount of materials excreted on land has diminished. The numbers of fur seals change in multi-annual cycles, and their migration into this area is related to the E1 $Ni\~{n}o$ phenomenon. The numbers of elephant seals in the area did not change. Organic matter deposited by the sea onto the shore are a source of nutrients and deficient chemical elements on land. Mineral matter is washed out into the waters of Admiralty Bay. These processes change seasonally, and multi annually. Negative effects on the environment at Arctowski Station induced by man are slight, but noticeable nevertheless. Physical processes have the largest influence on the living conditions and distribution of plants and animals, and as a consequence, on the functioning of the geo-ecosystem in the coastal-shore zone of the Maritime Antarctic.

• Ocean and Polar Research
• /
• 제28권1호
• /
• pp.1-12
• /
• 2006

Analyses of sedimentological and geochemical parameters from two radiocarbon-dated sediment cores (JM98-845-PC and JM98-818-PC) retrieved from the central part of Isfjorden, Svalbard, in the Arctic Sea, reveal detailed paleoclimatic and paleoceanographic histories over the last 15,000 radiocarbon years. The overconsolidated diamicton at the base of core JM98-845-PC is supposed to be a basal till deposited beneath pounding glacier that had advanced during the LGM (Last Glacial Maximum). Deglaciation of the fjord commenced after the glacial maximum, marked by the deposition of interlaminated sand and mud in the ice-proximal zone by subglacial meltwater discharge, and prevailed between 13,700 and 10,800 yr B.P. with enriched-terrigenous organic materials. A return to colder conditions occurred at around 10,800 yr B.P. with a drop in TOC content, which is probably coincident with the Younger Dryas event in the North Atlantic region. At this time, an abrupt decrease of TOC content as well as an increase in C/N ratio suggests enhanced terrigenous input due to the glacial readvance. A climatic optimum is recognized between 8,395 and 2,442 yr B.P., coinciding with 'a mid-Holocene climatic optimum' in Northern Hemisphere sites (e.g., the Laurentide Ice sheet). During this time, as the sea ice receded from the fjord, enhanced primary productivity occurred in open marine conditions, resulting in the deposition of organic-enriched pebbly mud with evidence of TOC maxima and C/N ratio minima in sediments. Fast ice also disappeared from the coast, providing the maximum of IRD (ice-rafted debris) input. Around 2,442 yr B.p. (the onset of Neoglacial), pebbly mud, characterized by a decrease in TOC content, reflects the formation of more extensive sea ice and fast ice, which might cause decreased primary productivity in the surface water, as evidenced by a decrease in TOC content. Our results provide evidence of climatic change on the Svalbard fjords that helps to refine the existence and timing of late Pleistocene and Holocene millennial-scale climatic events in the Northern Hemisphere.

• 한국제4기학회지
• /
• 제17권2호
• /
• pp.165-165
• /
• 2003

A borehole core ECSDP-102 (about 68.5 m long) has been investigated to get information on paleoenvironmental changes in response to the sea-level fluctuations during the period of late Quaternary. Several AMS $\^$14/C ages show that the core ECSDP-102 recorded the depositional environments of the northern East China Sea for approximately 60 ka. The Yangtze River discharged huge amounts of sediment into the northern East China Sea during the marine isotope stage (MIS) 3. In particular, $\delta$$\^$13/Corg values reveal that the sedimentary environments of the northern East China Sea, which is similar to the Holocene conditions, have taken place three times during the MIS 3. It is supported by the relatively enriched $\delta$$\^$13/Corg values of -23 to -21$\textperthousand$ during the marine settings of MIS 3 that are characterized by the predominance of marine organic matter akin to the Holocene. Furthermore, we investigated the three Holocene sediment cores, ECSDP-101, ECSDP-101 and YMGR-102, taken from the northern East China Sea off the mouth of the Yangtze River and from the southern Yellow Sea, respectively. Our study was focused primarily on the onset of the post-glacial marine transgression and the reconstructing of paleoenvironmental changes in the East China Sea and the Yellow Sea during the Holocene. AMS $\^$14/C ages indicate that the northern East China Sea and the southern Yellow Sea began to have been flooded at about 13.2 ka BP which is in agreement with the initial marine transgression of the central Yellow Sea (core CC-02). $\delta$$\^$18/O and $\delta$$\^$13/C records of benthic foraminifera Ammonia ketienziensis and $\delta$$\^$13/Corg values provide information on paleoenvironmental changes from brackish (estuarine) to modem marine conditions caused by globally rapid sea-level rise since the last deglaciation. Termination 1 (T1) ended at about 9.0-8.7 ka BP in the southern and central Yellow Sea, whereas T1 lasted until about 6.8 ka BP in the northern East China Sea. This time lag between the two seas indicates that the timing of the post-glacial marine transgression seems to have been primarily influenced by the bathymetry. The present marine regimes in the northern East China Sea and the whole Yellow Sea have been contemporaneously established at about 6.0 ka BP. This is strongly supported by remarkably changes in occurrence of benthic foraminiferal assemblages, $\delta$$\^$18/O and $\delta$$\^$13/C compositions of A. ketienziensis, TOC content and $\delta$$\^$13/Corg values. The $\delta$$\^$18/O values of A. ketienziensis show a distinct shift to heavier values of about 1$\textperthousand$ from the northern East China Sea through the southern to central Yellow Sea. The northward shift of $\^$18/O enrichment may reflect gradually decrease of the bottom water temperature in the northern East China Sea and the Yellow Sea.

• 한국광물학회지
• /
• 제19권3호
• /
• pp.163-169
• /
• 2006

남극 드레이크해협 극전선 남쪽 해산(수심 2710 m) 퇴적물코어(DP00-02, 코아길이 284 cm)의 화학조성과 점토광물분석을 실시하여 빙기-간빙기 순환과 관련된 고해양학적 분석을 실시하였다. 구성 점토광물은 전반적으로 스멕타이트가 우세하고 일라이트와 녹니석이 보다 적은 양으로 함유되어 있었다. 그러나 캐올리나이트는 거의 검출되지 않았다. 최하부에서 Marine Isotope Stage(MIS) 4와 5의 경계에 해당하는 170 cm 정도까지의 구간에서 상부로 갈수록 스멕타이트의 함량이 10% 정도 서서히 감소하는 경향을 보이고, 그 이상에서는 함량이 거의 일정하다. 점토광물 조성의 일정성에 비하여 $SiO_{2}$, Zr, Cs, Th, REE, $K_{2}O,\;Al_{2}O_{3}$는 $CaCO_{3}$와 상호 대조적이면서 큰 변화를 보인다. 24, 136, 176 cm 깊이에서 $SiO_{2}$의 급격한 증가와 $CaCO_{3}$의 급격한 감소가 관찰되는데, 이 시기에 기원지로 생각되는 남극대륙 빙붕으로부터 ice-rafted debris (IRD)가 다량 공급된 것으로 판단된다. 기타 주원소들, 미량원소, REE의 변화경향은 $SiO_{2}$와 유사하지만, Ni, Cu, Ba은 $SiO_{2}$와 상관성이 상대적으로 매우 낮은데, 이는 쇄설성 외에 속성과정에서의 재동 또는 해양생산성이 높았던 시기의 규조와 같은 생물기원 쇄설물의 축적과 관련이 있는 것으로 추정된다. 특히 Ba의 경우, $SiO_{2}$보다 $10{\sim}20cm$ 정도 지연되어 증가하는 특이한 경향을 보이는데, 이는 빙하후퇴에 이은 생산성의 빠른 증가와 관련된 것으로 보인다.