• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.28 no.12
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• pp.1107-1112
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• 1995

Between December 1993 and December 1994, fifty-eight percent of the mitral valve patients[33/57 had undergone mitral valve repair. Their mean age was 49[SD-16 years[range 11 - 75 and they were consisted with 15 males and 18 females. The causes of mitral disease in 33 patients were classified as follows: 19 cases[58% were degenerative, 9[27% were rheumatic, 3[9% were congenital and 2[6% were infectious. Carpentier`s functional classification was consisted with Class I 4 cases[12% , II 25 [76% and III 4 [12% . Surgical techniques included prosthetic annuloplasty in 32 cases[97% , leaflet resection in 16[48% , chorda shortening in 13[39% , chorda transfer in 9[27% , new chorda formation in 7[21% , commissurotomy in 7[21% , leaflet mobilization in 4[12% , chorda resection in 3[9% , papillary muscle splitting in 2[6% , cleft repair in 2[6% , leaflet patching in 1[3% and vegetation removal in 1[3% . Average number of mitral anatomical lesions per patient was 3.3 and We used average 3.0 procedures upon mitral valve apparatus per patient. Intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography was carried out in 27 patients[82% for providing an immediate and accurate assessment of the adequacy of the reconstruction before closure of the chest. Operative mortality was absent. The mean functional class[NYHA was 2.87 preoperative and improved to 1.03 postoperatively. Postoperative Doppler echocardiography showed much improvement from grade II MR[5 , grade III[5 , grade IV[21 to no MR[26 , only trace MR[3 , grade III MR[2 . Postoperative mean mitral valve area was 2.4$\pm$0.6cm2[range 1.5 - 4.0 . We conclude that cautiously evaluated mitral valve reconstruction is stable and predictable operation with minimal postoperative left ventricular dysfunction.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.5-11
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• 2000

Populations both in the US and worldwide are aging. It is projected that by the year 2030 the population of Americans over 65 will increase to 70 million, more than twice their number in 1998. About one-third of elderly over the age of 65 have debilitating chronic health conditions that greatly impede their activities. Age-associated chronic diseases are believed to be associated with free radicals and the imbalance in antioxidant and oxidative stress contributes to development of several chronic health conditions. Diet and nutrients can have great impact in the health status of elderly. Several factors may contributor to the inadequate consumption of nutrients in elderly, including an inability to chew food adequately, polypharmacy, living along and limited income. Low intake of energy and several micronutrients are common among the elderly. Although overt deficiency of nutrients among the elderly is not common. a recent study showed that while elderly consume more fat, the total energy intake is low among the elderly. Inadequate intake of antioxidant nutrients such as vitamin E in elderly may contribute to the development of chronic health problems. Intake of higher than normal RDA levels of vitamin E for long periods of time has been shown to reduce the risk of many degenerative diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases(CVD) and cancer, and improve immune response in elderly. High intake of other antioxidants is also associated with reduced risk chronic diseases. Dietary antioxidants are abundant in fruits and vegetables. However, due to variety of factors, the elderly may not be able to receive these and other micronutrients through diet. Therefore, supplemental intake of micronutrients in the form of multi vitamins/minerals and/or specific micronutrients is a more practical approach to the maintenance of health status in the elderly.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.783-795
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• 2010

This study was intended to investigate the risk of metabolic syndrome (MS) in healthy 92 male smokers (mean age: $44.4\;{\pm}\;7.8\;yrs$). We investigated the anthropometric assessment and dietary intake survey for 2 days by 24-recall method, also blood pressure and serum lipids were measured. The average numbers of cigarettes smoking a day were 21.3/d, smoking duration were 21.5 years. The proportion of fat energy was 24.9% and intakes of vitamin B2, folate, calcium, potassum and fiber were lower than KDRI. The body mass index (BMI) and body fat % were 24.8, 23.9% respectively. The systolic ($134.1\;{\pm}\;1.4\;mmHg$) and the diastolic blood ($87.9\;{\pm}\;1.1\;mmHg$) pressure were in borderline hypertension. Among biochemical parameters, TG ($173.6\;{\pm}\;9.4\;mg/dL$) and fasting blood glucose ($109.0\;{\pm}\;2.4\;mg/dL$) levels were out of normal values. The most occurred problem among the risk factors related to MS was the borderline hypertension (63%) in subjects. Regarding the correlations of anthropometric data with biochemical factors, TG was significantly correlated with the BMI, body fat % and waist circumference. Smoking years showed positive correlation with AI. These results suggest that the smoking habit has significant relations with the risk factors of MS. Therefore, quitting is necessary to prevent MS, and nutrition education and dietary management program are required to prevent the degenerative disease.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.861-868
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• 1999

Relapsing polychondritis (RP) is a rare inflammatory disorder of unknown etiology, causing recurrent inflammatory and degenerative reactions involving the cartilaginous structures throughout the body. Generally, RP is known as multiorgan disease presented as auricular chondritis, arthritis, nasal chondritis, ocular inflammation, audiovestibular damage and respiratory tract inflammation. Major airway involvement occurs in more than 50% of the patient and has been reported to be the primary cause of death. Rarely, it may be presented with only respiratory symptoms without typical clinical manifestation of RP. We experienced a 64-year-old male patient with RP involving diffuse airway tract without other characteristic clinical manifestation and present here with a review of literatures.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.786-791
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• 1996

Systemic sclerosis is a multisystemic disease of unknown origin charicterized by degenerative fibrotic and inflammatory changes in the skin, vessels, joints, muscles, and visceral organs. Involvement of the lung in systemic sclerosis is common, but pleural effusion is rare. Although vasculitis commonly accompanies many connective tissue disorders, it has been rarely reported in systemic sclerosis. A 43-year-old woman, with a 10-year history of Raynaud's phenomenon, was admitted due to right chest pain. Her hands showed diffuse thickening and swelling of skin. Chest X-ray showed pleural effusions and esophageal manometry showed hypotonic peristalsis and low lower esophageal sphincter tone compatible with scleroderma esophagus. Antinuclear antibodies were present (titer>1 : 160) with a speckled pattern. She was positive for rheumatoid factor, anti scl-70 and RNP antibodies, but negative for anti-Ro, La, and Sm antibodies. Histology of the pleura revealed the presence of leukocytoclastic vasculiti. After adminisrration of prednisolone 30 mg/day, her chest symptom was improved. We report a case of systemic sclerosis with pleural effusions due to leukocytoclastic vasculitis with review of the literatures.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.31 no.3 s.52
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• pp.227-235
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• 2005

Skin aging is not a disease nor an abnormal phenomenon but a collection of degenerative changes with age, characterized by skin dryness, wrinkle formation, and loss of skin elasticity. The skin wrinkles are caused by either genetically predisposed factors or environmental factors such as UV irradiation or physical/chemical stimulus. The histological manifestations of wrinkles are changes in both amount and integrity of elastic and collagen fibers. Here we report the isolation and characterization of 3 active compounds, prangenidin, 8-hydroxybergapten, and xanthotoxol from Angelica dahurica root. The anti-wrinkle activities of these compounds were also investigated.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.167-174
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• 2008

The introduction of confocal microscopy makes it possible to observe the structural change of live neuronal cell. Neuro-degenerative disease, such as Alzheimer;s and Parkinson’s diseases are especially related to the morphological change of dendrite spine. That’s the reason for the study of segmentation and extraction from confocal microscope image. The difficulty comes from uneven intensity distribution and blurred boundary. Therefore, the image processing technique which can overcome these problems and extract the structural information should be suggested. In this paper, we propose robust structural information extracting technique with confocal microscopy images of dendrite in brain neurons. First, we apply the nonlinear diffusion filtering that enhance the boundary recognition. Second, we segment region of interest using iterative threshold selection. Third, we perform skeletonization based on Fast Marching Method that extracts centerline and boundary for analysing segmented structure. The result of the proposed method has been less sensitive to noise and has not been affected by rough boundary condition. Using this method shows more accurate and objective results.

• The Journal of Dong Guk Oriental Medicine
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• v.4
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• pp.67-80
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• 1995

This study was done in order to investigate the treatment of occidental and oriental medicine on dementia(mainly senile dementia and cerobrovascular dementia). The results were as follows ; 1. Dementia must treat a direct causes, but uncountable dementia(senile dementia) and cerobrovascular dementia can't treat at present. 2. Sciopsychological treatment in very important in dementia patient ; maintance of appropriate stimulation, psychological rest, physical examination, dietary cure and safety device is needed. On secondary mental disorder, antipsychotics, anxiolytics and antidepressants have to prescribe properly. 3. Treatments of Senile dementia(uncountable cerebral degenerative disease) proscribed hydergine which is peripheral vasodilator and physostigmine which increase cholinergic activity of brain, but this have slight effect on some patients. On treatments of cerobrovascular dementia, the medication that improved the cell metabolism and circulation of brain, this improved only a subjective symptom, but isn't foundamental treatment. 4. A tonic medicine is used basically, the methods are as follows. 1) Kenwihwadam(健胃火痰)-Sesimtang(洗心湯) 2) Bosiniksu(補腎益髓)-Hwansodan(還少丹) 3) Bosimiksin(補心益腎)-Gyuibitang(歸脾湯), Singyuo(神交湯) 4) Boheoansin(補虛安神)-Cilbokem(七福飮), sanggitang(生氣湯) 5) geoeohwalhyel(祛瘀活血)-tonggyuhwalhyeltang(通竅活血湯), 5. Acupuncture therapy on dementia used follow acupuncture point ; Yamen(啞門 GVl5), Laokung(勞宮 HC8), Tsusanli(足三里 ST36), Shenshu(腎兪 BL23), Tachui(大椎 GVl4), Chiuwei(鳩尾 CVl5), Sanyinchiao(三陰交 SP6), Yungchuan(涌泉 KI1), Shipsun(十宣), Shousanli(手三里 LI10), Taichong(太衝 LV3) In moxibustion therapy, Dachui(大椎 GVl4) point is used.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.240-248
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• 2013

In this study, we compared the immune cell populations in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovial fluid, which shows lymphoid tissue-like structure, with those in tonsils, which are normal secondary lymphoid tissues. Firstly, we found that $CD4^-CD11b^+$ macrophages were the major population in RA synovial fluid and that B cells were the major population in tonsils. In addition, synovial fluid from patients with osteoarthritis, which is a degenerative joint disease, contained $CD4^+CD11b^+$monocytes as the major immune cell population. Secondly, we categorized three groups based on the proportion of macrophages found in RA synovial fluid: (1) the macrophage-high group, which contained more than 80% macrophages; (2) the macrophage-intermediate group, which contained between 40% and 80% macrophages; and (3) the macrophage-low group, which contained less than 40% macrophages. In the macrophage-low group, more lymphoid tissue inducer (LTi)-like cells were detected, and the expression of OX40L and TRANCE in these cells was higher than that in the other groups. In addition, in this group, the suppressive function of regulatory T cells was downregulated. Finally, CXCL13 expression was higher in RA synovial fluid than in tonsils, but CCL21 expression was comparable in synovial fluid from all groups and in tonsils. These data demonstrate that increased lymphocyte infiltration in RA synovial fluid is correlated with an increase in LTi-like cells and the elevation of the chemokine expression.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.195-204
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to develop cardiovascular health related percent body-fat standards that may be applied to epidemiologic investigations of the prevalence and incidence of obesity in adolescents, pediatric health screenings, and youth fitness tests. The subjects included 102 males and 80 females aged 19～22years. All subject were Honam University Students Total body fat was derived from body density which was estimated from age and the triceps and subscapular skinfold thickness measured with Lang calipers to the nearst l.0mm. Serum total cholesterol and lipoprotein cholesterol fraction(HDL-CLDL-C) were measured from blood obtained from fore arm vein after blood pressure measurement. In analyses to determine critical fat levels associated with elevated CDD(Chronic Degenerative Disease) risk factors;male and female were grouped by level of percent fat as follows: male, 〈 10%, 10-14.9%, 15-19.9%, 20-24.9%, and $\geq$ 25%;female, 〈 20%, 20-24.9%, 25-29.9%, 30-34.9%, and $\geq$ 35%. As the results of the data, the conclusions were as follows: 1. A dose respones effect was observed between blood pressure and percent body fat in males and females; in contrast, total cholesterol and lipoprotein ratios were relatively independant of percent fat among the lower four fatness group in males and the lower three fatness groups in females. 2. The percentage of subjects in the uppermost quintile for S-Bp, D-Bp, TC, LDL/H was significantly(P〈.05) greater than expected by change alone(20%) in males with $\geq$ 25% fat and in females with $\geq$ 30% fat females with $\geq$35% had even greater representation in the uppermost quintile of all CDD risk factors compared to females with 30-34.9% fat.