• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.75-87
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• 2011

Objectives : The purpose of this study is research on facial palsy sequelae and evaluating scale that have studied insufficiently until now. Methods : We researched on the symptoms, epidemiology and evaluating scale of facial palsy sequelae. For this, we searched the research papers on facial palsy sequelae and the clinical papers that find out the effect of treatment by evaluating facial palsy sequelae. Results : The symptoms of facial palsy sequelae are synkinesis, contracture, spasm, crocodile tears syndrome, tearing decrease, gustation impairment, hearing impairment, tinnitus, hyperacusis, etc. Among these, synkinesis, contracture, spasm and crocodile tears syndrome are the most frequently observed broadly. The poor prognosis factor of facial palsy can be the risk factor of facial palsy sequelae. For example, severe degeneration of facial nerve can be the risk factor of facial palsy sequelae. Most of clinical papers on facial palsy sequelae have used NRS(numeric rating scale) as evaluating scale. But NRS is very subjective scale. The scales of Stennert, Peitersen, Murata et al. can evaluate facial palsy sequelae grossly. Sunnybrook scale, Sydney scale, SAQ(synkinesis assessment questionnaire), the scale of Kim, the scale of Scott, HFS-7(hemi facial spasm), HFS-36 and Schirmer's test can evaluate the respective symptoms of facial palsy sequelae. Conclusions : The symptoms of facial palsy sequelae are synkinesis, contracture, spasm, crocodile tears syndrome, etc. Most of clinical papers on facial palsy sequelae have used NRS as evaluating scale. There were some scales that can evaluate facial palsy sequelae grossly and respectively. In future, we will need more progressed study of facial palsy sequelae and evaluating scale.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.9-16
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• 1999

A new method of limb sparing by resection, extracorporeal irradiation and reimplantation has several theoretical advantages. This method preserves the mobility of a joint and avoids the problem of loosening or breakage of tumor prosthesis. This study involved using extracorporeal irradiated autogenous joint transplantation for reconstruction after en bloc resection, and observed the periods of functional union and histological changes in irradiated tissue of the knee joint. This study also aimed to clarify whether the degeneration of articular cartilage is induced in rabbits by a single 50Gy dose of irradiation at the knee joint. Twenty New Zealand rabbits about three kilograms were randomized into two groups of 10 rabbits each. In group 1, as control, we resected the knee joint followed by reimplantation without irradiation. Group 2 received extracorporeal irradiation on the resected knee joint followed by reimplantation. Following are the results of these observations. The osteotomy site showed external callus formation in the roentgenographic finding eight weeks after reimplantation. There was marked degenerative changes in the collagen fiber of the irradiated anterior cruciate ligament and meniscus during the fourth week, but new blood-vessel formation was observed in the vicinity. There was degenerative changes in the collagen fiber of articular cartilage treated extracorporeal irradiation at four and eight weeks in the scanning electron micrographic findings. These findings was in contrast to those of subchondral bone which showed decreased cellularity and empty lacuna at four and eight weeks. Autoradiography demonstrated active [$^3H$]uridine incorporation by irradiated chondrocyte at eight weeks after reimplantation. These results indicate that when destruction of the articular cartilage and soft tissue of the knee joint is not severe, extracorporeal irradiation and reimplantation can be used with several advantage in maintaining movement of the joint while avoiding problems of tumor prosthesis and rejection, and therefore extracorporeal irradiated autogenous joint transplantation can be used as a limb-sparing procedure for temporary biological spacer in the childhood bone tumor around the knee.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.5-41
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• 2010

Objectives: This study was performed to analyse four week repeated dose toxicity of Sweet Bee Venom(Sweet BV) extracted from the bee venom in Beagle dogs. Methods: All experiments were conducted under the regulations of Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) at Biotoxtech Company, a non-clinical study authorized institution. Male and female Beagle dogs of 5-6 months old were chosen for the pilot study of four week repeated dose toxicity of Sweet BV which was administered at the level of 0.56mg/kg body weight which is eighty times higher than the clinical application dosage as the high dosage, followed by 0.28 and 0.14mg/kg as midium and low dosage, respectively. Equal amount of excipient(normal saline) to the Sweet BV experiment groups was administered as the control group every day for four weeks. Results: 1. No mortality was witnessed in all of the experiment groups. 2. All experiment groups were appealed pain sense in the treating time compared to the control group, and hyperemia and movement disorder were observed around the area of administration in all experiment groups, and higher occurrence in the higher dosage treatment. 3. For weight measurement, Neither male nor female groups showed significant changes. 4. In the urine analysis, CBC and biochemistry didn't show any significant changes in the experiment groups compared with control group. 5. For weight measurement of organs, experiment groups didn't show any significant changes compared with control group. 6. To verify abnormalities of organs and tissues, thigh muscle which treated with Sweet BV, cerebrum, liver, lung, kidney, and spinal cords were removed and conducted histologocal observation with H-E staining. In the histologocal observation of thigh muscle, cell infiltration, inflammatory, degeneration, necrosis of muscle fiber, and fibrosis were found in both thigh tissue. And the changes were depend on the dose of Sweet BV. But another organs were not detected in any abnormalities. 7. The proper high dosage of Sweet BV for the thirteen week repeated test in Beagle dogs may be 0.28mg/kg in one time. Conclusion: Above findings suggest that Sweet BV is relatively safe treatment medium. Further studies on the subject should be conducted to yield more concrete evidences.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.32 no.11
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• pp.989-997
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• 1999

Background: Calcific degeneration is the major cause of clinical failure of glutaraldehyde (GA) crosslinked bioprosthetic tissues implanted in the body and necessitates the reoperation or causes death. Surface modification of biologic tissues using sulfonated polyethyleneoixde (PEO-SO3) has been suggested to significantly enhance blood compatibility, biostability and calcification-resistance by means of the synergistic effect of highly mobile and hydrophilic PEO chains and electrical repulsion of negatively charged sulfonate groups. This study was designed to evaluate the anticalcification effect of surface-modification of biologic arteries by direct coupling of PEO-SO3 after GA fixation and changes of calcification according to the implantation period through the quantitative investigation of the deposited calcium and phosphorous contents of the biologic arterial tissues in the canine circulatory implantation model. Material and Method: Total of 16 fresh canine carotid arteries were harvested from eight adult dogs and divided in to GA group(n =8) and PEO-SO3 group(n=8). Sulfonation of diamino-terminated PEO was performed using propane sultone. Canine carotid arteries were only crosslinked with 0.65% GA solution in GA group and modified by direct coupling 5% PEO-SO3 solution after GA crosslinkage for 2 days and stabilized by NaBH4 solution for 16 hours in PEO-SO3 group. In both groups the resected segment of bilateral carotid arteries were reconstructed. Reconstructed segments of the two groups were analysed the quantities of calcium and phosphorous contents after 3(n=4) and 6(n=4) weeks in vivo. Result: After implantation of 3 seeks, PEO-SO3 group showed significantly less depositions.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.379-389
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• 2005

Obstructive adenitis of the salivary gland following salivary stone or infectious disease of the gland and surrounding tissues is a common disease. It is often difficult to decide whether to perform total excision of the gland or to consider conservative treatment. The present study was designed to investigate histological, histochemical changes of submandibular gland after ligating the excretory duct for identifying the results of gland duct obstruction. A group of 40 rat of Sprague-Dawley weighing about $200{\sim}220gm$ were used in the present study. 30 rats had ligation of the main excretory ducts of submandibular glands just at the exit from the glands. For controls, 10 rats had a sham operation without duct ligation. They were inducted into euthanagia state by intracardial Ketamine injection in 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42 days after the ligation. In each ligation period, 3 animals were used for ligation and one animal was for control. The submandibular glands were dissected out at sacrifice and stained with H&E, PAS, mucicarmine stain and histological examination were carried out under the light microscope. After examination and comparison of all specimens, the results were as follows: 1. In the features of H&E stain, acini disappeared by degrees after the ligation of the excretary duct and interstitial cells were displaced into fibrous connective tissue. Salivary gland had been atrophied with enlarging ducts and proliferating ductal cells. 2. Through total experimental period, a lot of vessels were observed and the atrophy of serous gland was severer than that of mucous gland. 3. The deep portion of submandibular glands showed severe degeneration rather than superficial portion of them after the ligation. 4. The changes which had enlarged ducts and proliferating ductal cells were observed in entire gland and more prominent in serous gland than mucous gland after the ligation. 5. Although PAS and mucicarmine reactions were decreased gradually after the ligation with the lapse of time, since 2 to 3 weeks they were strong positive reactions on entire gland, especially on duct-like structure. So, we can suggest that salivary gland will be atrophied but, survived acini will be redistributed around the ducts.

• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.180-185
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• 2005

Purpose: To purpose of this study is to evaluate the clinical and radiological results of arthroscopic meniscus repair using Rapid Loc device. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was performed on 44 cases which had been turned out longitudinal tear without degeneration. We repaired all cases with Rapid Loc device. Patients were evaluated using clinical examination, Orthopaedische Arbeitsgemeinschaft Knie (OAK) scheme, and MRI. We regarded patients with joint line tenderness, swelling or McMurray positive test as clinical failure. Results: A mean age was 33.3 years and follow-up period was average 15 months. Clinical results were excellent 15 cases(34.1%), good 20 cases(45.5%), fair 7 cases(15.9%), poor 2 cases(4.5%). MRI showed grade 115 cases(33.3%), grade II 22 cases(50%), grade III 7 cases(16.7%). Clinical failures were 8 cases and only one complication was developed. Conclusion: Rapid Loc device showed the excellent results in meniscus repair. We regard it has a lot of advantages in safety, softness, ease, ability to control tension at repair site.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.589-600
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• 2005

The purposes of this study is to discuss and analyze the effect on the recovery from cut in sciatic nerve. This study used 9 weeks male rats of Sprague-Dawley family. Rat in groups 4 were treated with pulsed therapeutic ultrasound for 3 minutes. 3 times weekly at 3MHz respectively (intensity; $0.2W/cm^2,\;0.5W/Cm^2,\;10W/cm^2$); rat in group 1 received placebo ultrasound. In addition, changes of serum aspartate amino-transferase(AST) and creatine phosphokinase(CPK) levels were also demonstrated with diameter of individual muscle fasciculate and number of muscle fiber in each of three types of muscles located in gastrocnemius, soles. The results of comparing the changes in groups are as follows; 1. We found out that hypertrophic epineurium was present in sciatic nerve injured ultrasound treatment of groups. 2. In the gastrocnemius morphological investigation of the group I (control group), severe muscle atrophy were observed at the 7th days of the sciatic nerve injury. however, muscle atrophy of the group IV ($1.0W/cm^2$) were slightly recovered at the 14th days after treatment ultrasound. At the 28th days, muscular fibers were formed in polygon and were significantly recovered. 3. C-fos immunoreactive of the group II ($0.2W/cm^2$), III ($0.5W/cm^2$) were remarkably increased at the 1th day after treatment of ultrasound. Group IV were markedly deceased. 4. Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor(BDNF) immunoreactive of the group II, III were increased after 7 days of the sciatic nerve injury. Group IV were markedly increased from 14th days to 28th days after treatment of ultrasound. 5. A significant increase of serum AST levels were demonstrated in control group. However, serum AST levels of massage groups were significantly decreased compared to that of control group in followed order ; ($0.2W/cm^2<0.5W/cm^2<1.0W/cm^2$). 6. A significant increase of serum CK levels were demonstrated in control of group. However, serum CK levels of massage groups were significantly decreased compared to that of control group in followed order ; ($0.2W/cm^2<0.5W/cm^2<1.0W/cm^2$). The above results suggest that ultrasound treatment after peripheral nerve injury might reduce noxious stimuli, facilitate nerve recovery and effective in the functional improvement delaying muscle atrophy or degeneration.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.526-535
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• 2001

The gametogenesis, reproductive cycle, frequency distribution of egg diameter and fecundity of spotted sea bass Lateolabrax maculatus were investigated by histological observation. The samples were collected at Goheung, Jeonam from December 1996 to November 1997. Gonadosomatic index (CSI) was appeared less than 1.0 in female and male from December to July and began to increase from August and reached the maximum values of female 7.50 and male 2.98 in October. Hepatosomatic index (HSI) was appeared annual maximum value of female 1.97 and male 1.64 in March and then decreased from April. The annual reproductive cycle of this species can be divided into four successive stages: growing stage (July to August), maturation stage (September to October), ripe and spawning stage (October to November) and degeneration and resting stage (November to July). According to the frequency distribution of egg diameter, the development mode of egg was not seperated, formed one mode for the maturation and spawning season, The individual absolute fecundity ranges from $1,726,242\~17,822,576$ eggs, and individual relative fecundity ranges from $29,458\~214,730$ eggs in total length (cm) and $938\~3,363$ eggs in body weight (g). Female and male of L. maculatus were matured when total length were over 50.1 and 45.1 cm, respectively.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.29 no.11
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• pp.1456-1460
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• 2000

Objectives : Transpedicular screw fixation has become an important method for internal fixation in variety of disorders. However, acceleration of degeneration at the adjacent segment in any follow. The goal of this study is to review the change of motion ranges of vertebral joints adjacent to fused level in lumbar spine. Methods : This study consists of 22 patients with degenerative spinal instability. Treatment of spinal instability includes posterior fusion with transpedicular screw fixation or transpedicular screw fixation with posterior lumbar interbody fusion. The flexion-extension angle(FEA) was measured from dynamic views of lumbar spine taken both at preoperative and post operative period. Results : The FEA of upper vertebral joint adjacent(FEA-u) to a fused L4-5 level was increased(p＝0.010). The FEA-u was increased in case of L5-S1 fusion(p＝0.025). The change of FEA-u in case of L5-S1 fusion was greater than that in L4-5 fusion(p＝0.013). Conclusion : After L4-5 fusion, there seems to be more meaningful increase in FEA of L3-4 than that of L5-S1. The reason may be due to the damage of L3-4 facet joints during the operation, the other possible explanation may be the anatomical stability of L5-S1 vertebral joint. The change of FEA-u of L5-S1 fusion is increased more than that of L4-5 fusion. Because there are compensations in the adjacent vertebrae both above and below the fused L4-5, the compensatory motion in FEA-u of L5-S1 fusion was greater than that of the L4-5 fusion.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.883-885
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• 2011

Purpose: Nevus sebaceus is a congenital hamartomatous lesion, typically involving head and neck. Various benign and malignant neoplasms can develop in association with nevus sebaceus. We report a case of simultaneous occurrence of squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma in nevus sebaceus. Methods: A 73-year-old man presented with erythematous to black verrucous nodules on the right subauricular area. The upper part was accompanied with inflammation and ulceration, and no specific findings suspicious for malignant degeneration were found in the lower part preoperatively. The mass was totally excised and the defect was directly closed. Lymph nodes were not involved on concomitant neck dissection. Results: Histopathologic examination confirmed the presence of squamous cell carcinoma in the upper part and basal cell carcinoma in the lower part of a nevus sebaceus. Negative margins were achieved on resection. No clinical problems were found during the 3-month follow-up period. Conclusion: We experienced a rare case of simultaneous occurrence of squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma within the same nevus sebaceus. Because patients with nevus sebaceus have risk of malignant changes, surgical excision and work-up for recurrence and metastasis should be considered in suspicious cases. And even in a totally asymptomatic case, the possibility of occult secondary cancer should be informed before surgery in aged patients.