• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.235-243
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• 2021

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the short-term effects of flexion-distraction spinal manipulation on intervertebral height, pain, spine mobility in patients with lumbar degenerative disc disease. Design: Randomized controlled trial with a pretest-posttest control group design Methods: A total of 96 participants with degenerative disc disease participated in the study and were randomly divided into two groups. Both groups received intervention for 3-5 minutes a day. The experimental group (n=48) underwent flexion-distraction spinal manipulation for 3-5 minutes, and the control group (n=48) was maintained in the same position as the experimental group for 5 minutes without any intervention. The intervertebral height was measured by computed tomography, pain was assessed using visual analog scale, and the spine in flexion mobility was measured using the finger-to-floor distance test and passive straight leg raise test. Pre-test and post-test measurements were obtained. Results: The experimental group showed significant improvement in intervertebral height, degree of pain, and spinal mobility (p<0.05). The intervertebral height increased from 6.32±1.90 to 6.93±1.85 mm (p<0.05), lower back pain decreased from 69.17±13.35 mm to 48.48±12.20 mm (p<0.05), lumbar spine mobility changed from 17.37±4.49 to 12.69±4.34 cm (p<0.05), and passive straight leg raise test range increased from 46.94±13.05° to 56.01±12.20° (p<0.05). Conclusions: This study suggests that flexion-distraction spinal manipulation could be an effective treatment for decreasing pain and improving function in patients with degenerative disc disease.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.111-127
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• 2021

Objectives: To review and analyze clinical and preclinical evidence of effectiveness, safety, and underlying mechanisms of yokukansan (YKS), a herbal medicine, in alleviating aggression. Methods: Classical records on YKS were searched in the Korean Traditional Medicine Knowledge Database (KTMKD). By searching five electronic databases, prospective clinical studies and preclinical studies of YKS for alleviating aggression/agitation published up to March 30, 2021 were included. Results: Only two classical records on YKS were found from the KTMKD. A total of 11 clinical studies and 15 preclinical studies were found from the five electronic databases. Among 11 clinical studies, seven enrolled patients with dementia and four enrolled patients with other neuropsychiatric disorders. Most clinical studies reported significant improvement in one or more outcomes related to aggression in the YKS group after treatment. Among 15 preclinical studies, all studies except two reported a significant decrease in aggression/agitation-related behavior of YKS or yokukansankachimpihange. Suggested underlying mechanisms of YKS or yokukansankachimpihange for aggression/agitation in these studies included regulation of serotonin receptor, amelioration of abnormal glucocorticoid level related to the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, regulation of orexin secretion, amelioration of degeneration in brain cells including glia cells, and suppression of excessive glutamatergic or dopaminergic activity. Conclusions: There were some clinical and preclinical evidence supporting the effectiveness and safety of YKS for alleviating aggression. Given that aggression is the most frequent and destructive symptoms of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia, applicability of YKS as a herbal medicine should be further investigated in future high-quality research.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.185-194
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• 2021

Polyglutamine extension in the coding sequence of mutant huntingtin causes neuronal degeneration associated with the formation of insoluble polyglutamine aggregates in Huntington's disease (HD). Mutant huntingtin can form aggregates within the nucleus and processes of neurons possibly due to misfolding of the proteins. To better understand the mechanism by which an elongated polyglutamine causes aggregates, we have developed an in vitro binding assay system of polyglutamine tract from truncated huntingtin. We made GST-HD exon1 fusion proteins which have expanded polyglutamine epitopes (e.g., 17, 23, 32, 46, 60, 78, 81, and 94 CAG repeats). In the present emergence of new study adjusted nanotechnology on protein chip such as surface plasmon resonance strategy which used to determine the substance which protein binds in drug discovery platform is worth to understand better neurodegenerative diseases (i.e., Alzheimer disease, Parkinson disease and Huntington disease) and its pathogenesis along with development of therapeutic measures. Hence, we used strengths of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technology which is enabled to examine binding specificity and explore targeted molecular epitope using its electron charged wave pattern in HD pathogenesis utilize conjugated mutant epitope of HD protein and its interaction whether wild type GST-HD interacts with mutant GST-HD with maximum binding affinity at pH 6.85. We found that the maximum binding affinity of GST-HD17 with GST-HD81 was higher than the binding affinities of GST-HD17 with other mutant GST-HD constructs. Furthermore, our finding illustrated that the mutant form of GST-HD60 showed a stronger binding to GST-HD23 or GST-HD17 than GST-HD60 or GST-HD81. These results indicate that the binding affinity of mutant huntingtin does not correlate with the length of polyglutamine. It suggests that the aggregation of an expanded polyglutamine might have easily occurred in the presence of wild type form of huntingtin.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.57 no.4
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• pp.365-373
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to investigate the improvement effect of biomarkers through the supply of natural diet in the juvenile hybrid abalone (Haliotis discus discus♀^*H. madaka♂). For the study, the shell length of about 17 mm and the total weight of 0.83 g were used. The feeding conditions were set as the natural diet group (dried laver) and the formulated diet group, and the experiment duration was 16 weeks. The survival rate was about 14% higher in the natural diet group than the formulated diet group, and growth was also faster in the natural diet group. Shell malformation rate was lower in the natural diet group (7.5%) than the formulated diet group (21.5%). In the biochemical composition, except for carbohydrates, both experimental groups showed similar values. The degeneration of epithelial cells in the hepatopancreatic tubule was lower in the natural diet group than the formulated diet group, and the activity of basophilic cell was higher in the natural diet group. These results indicate that it is worth considering the supply of natural diet for the breeding of juvenile hybrid abalone and the improvement of the quality of the formulated diet (H. discus discus♀^*H. madaka♂).

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.37-41
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• 2022

Sebaceous carcinoma is extremely rare in the parotid gland. Recently, we experienced a case of carcinoma with sebaceous differentiation arising from the parotid gland in patient who was diagnosed as parotid adenoma carcinoma and underwent total parotidectomy. A 73-year-old male visited our department for the evaluation of 3-month history of infra-auricular mass combined with pain. Radiologic finding showed lobulated enhancing and solid mass with calcification in the right parotid gland. Initially, total parotidectomy with supraomohyoid neck dissection was performed. Pathological findings showed capsulated whitish mass with hemorrhage and cystic degeneration. Immunohistochemically, CK7, CK5/6, p63 were positive and CEA was negative. The intra-operative frozen section diagnosis was mucoepidermoid carcinoma. The permanent diagnosis was changed to adenocarcinoma, NOS(not otherwise specified). Fourteen months later, the newly developed mass was noticed on the operation bed. The mass was clinically diagnosed as recurred adenocarcinoma. Revision parotidectomy was performed and pathological findings revealed that the tumor was newly developed sebaceous carcinoma. We report a case of carcinoma with sebaceous differentiation in parotid gland with a review of literature.

• Clinical Pain
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.92-96
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• 2016

Objective: High frequency wave has been used in cancer treatment and cosmetic area but not in musculoskeletal pain yet. The purpose of this study is to evaluate temperature distribution according to depth and confirm safety of high frequency wave through animal study. Method: High frequency wave was applied to the posterior limb of 9 Sprague-Dawley rats for 20 minutes (experimental group) and no wave was used in the same number of rats for control group. Tissue temperature was measured from skin surface to 1 cm depth (surface, 1 mm, 5 mm, and 1 cm) for 5 seconds. Results: In the experimental group, temperature was elevated 3.2℃ at skin surface, 2.87℃ at 1 mm, 2.25℃ in 5 mm, and 1.74℃ in 1 cm depth. These were significantly different from those in the control group (p<0.001). There was no bulla or redness in the skin after high frequency wave stimulation and neither change of myocytes nor collagen degeneration was found in the tissue histology. There was no apoptosis in the skin surface and muscle layer in TUNEL assay. Conclusion: High frequency wave elevated tissue temperature from the skin to muscle layer without both histologic change and apoptosis.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.22-27
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• 2022

Background: In some patients with rotator cuff tear (RCT), the axial view of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) shows subtle posterior decentering (PD) of the humeral head from the glenoid fossa. This is considered to result from a loss of centralization that is typically produced by rotator cuff function. There are few reports on PD in RCT despite the common occurrence of posterior subluxation in degenerative joint disease. In this study, we investigated the effect of PD in arthroscopic rotator cuff repair (ARCR). Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of consecutive patients who underwent ARCR at our institute and were followed-up for at least 1 year. PD was identified as a 2-mm posterior shift of the humeral head relative to the glenoid fossa in the axial MRI view preoperatively. The tear size and fatty degeneration (FD, Goutallier classification) were also evaluated using preoperative MRI. Retears were evaluated through MRI at 1 year postoperatively. Results: We included 135 shoulders in this study. Ten instances of PD (including seven retears) were observed preoperatively. Fifteen retears (three and 12 retears in the small/medium and large/massive tear groups, respectively) were observed postoperatively. PD was significantly correlated with tear size, FD, and retear occurrence (p<0.01 each). The odds ratio for PD in retears was 34.1, which was greater than that for tear size ≥3 cm and FD grade ≥3. Conclusions: We concluded that large tear size and FD contribute to the occurrence of PD. Furthermore, PD could be a predictor of retear after ARCR.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.108-116
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• 2021

Background: Nitrous oxide (N₂O) is used in surgery and dentistry for its anesthetic and analgesic effects. However, neurological and psychiatric manifestations of N₂O abuse have been increasingly reported among Korean adults. The aim of this study was to demonstrate laboratory findings of N₂O abuse in Korean patients. Methods: Patients diagnosed with N₂O-induced neuropathy or myelopathy from August 2018 to December 2019 were enrolled. Their clinical presentations and laboratory and imaging findings were analyzed. Results: Sensory changes and limb weakness were present in nine of the enrolled patients. The laboratory findings revealed that seven patients had high homocysteine levels and five had high methylmalonic acid levels in their blood. Nerve conductions studies indicated that axonal neuropathy was present in four cases and longer F-wave and Hoffman's-reflex latencies were present in two cases. Signal changes in cervical spine imaging occurred in five patients, while two had normal results. Conclusions: Chronic N₂O abuse can cause neurological damage or psychiatric problems. Because N₂O is illegal for recreational use in Korea, patients tend to hide their history of use. Even though the spinal imaging results were normal, clinicians should consider the possibility of N₂O use, and further electrophysiological tests should be applied for precise evaluations.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.209-214
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• 2021

Background: The treatment for acromioclavicular joint injuries (ACJI) ranges from a conservative approach to extensive surgical reconstruction, and the decision on how to manage these injuries depends on the grade of acromioclavicular (AC) joint separation, resources, and skill availability. After a thorough review of the literature, the researchers adopted a simple cost-effective technique of AC joint reconstruction for acute ACJI requiring surgery. Methods: This was a prospective single-center study conducted between April 2017 and April 2018. For patients with acute ACJI more than Rockwood grade 3, the researchers performed open coracoclavicular ligament reconstruction using synthetic sutures along with an Endobutton and a figure of 8 button plate. This was followed by AC ligament repair augmenting it with temporary percutaneous AC K-wires. Clinical outcomes were evaluated using the Constant Murley shoulder score. Results: Seventeen patients underwent surgery. The immediate postoperative radiograph showed an anatomical reduction of the AC joint dislocation in all patients. During follow-up, one patient developed subluxation but was asymptomatic. The mean follow-up period was 30 months (range, 24-35 months). The mean Constant score at 24 months was 95. No AC joint degeneration was noted in follow-up X-rays. The follow-up X-rays showed significant infra-clavicular calcification in 11 of the 17 patients, which was an evidence of a healed coracoclavicular ligament post-surgery. Conclusions: This study presents a simple cost-effective technique with a short learning curve for anatomic reconstruction of acute ACJI. The preliminary results have been very encouraging.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.14 no.8
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• pp.213-219
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics of error types in naming task for 8 questionable demeatia groups, 9 definite dementia groups, and 10 normal groups. The items of naming error analysis were classified into visual perception errors, semantic association errors, semantic non-correlation errors, phoneme errors, Don't Know, and No Response. For the analysis, descriptive statistics analysis, analysis of variance, and multivariate analysis of variance were conducted using SPSS 21.0. As a result, there was a significant difference in the error rate between groups according to the error type. The errors that showed significant differences between the normal group and the other two groups were visual perception errors and semantic non-related errors. The error of non-response was different from the dementia confirmation group, but there was no significant difference from the dementia suspicion group. These results showed that Alzheimer's patients had a defect in confrontation naming ability. Also, it was found that it is appropriate to provid other clues when the defects caused by the degeneration of a specific step during the information processing process become severe.