• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.151-163
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• 2009

Objectives : In the assessment of the lumbar spine by magnetic resonance imaging (hereinafter, "MRI"), changes in the paraspinal muscles are overlooked. The purpose of our study is to examine the correlation between the multifidus muscle atrophy on MRI findings and the clinical findings in low back pain (hereinafter, "LBP") patients. Methods : The retrospective study on 38 LBP patients, presenting either with or without associated leg pains, was undertaken. The MRI findings on the patients were visually analysed to find out a lumbar multifidus muscle atrophy, disc herniation, disc degeneration, spinal stenosis and nerve root compressions. The clinical history in each case was obtained from their case notes and pain drawing charts. Results : The lumbar multifidus muscle atrophy has occurred from more than 80% of the patients with LBP. Most of lumbar multifidus muscle atrophies have increased from lower level of lumbar spine. It was bilateral in the majority of the cases. In addition, multifidus muscle atrophy was correlated to the patient's age, disc degenerations and spinal stenosis. On the contrary, gender, the duration of LBP, referred leg pain, disc herniation and nerve root compressions had no relevance to multifidus muscle atrophies. Therefore, when assessing the MRIs of the lumbar spine, we should have more attetion on multifidus muscle, because it has lot's of information about spinal neuropathy problems. Conclusions : Therefore, the examination of multifidus muscle atrophies should be considered when assessing the MRIs of the lumbar spine. In addition, it helps to evaluate and plan the treatment modalities of LBP. Moreover, it prevents from LBP by discovering the importance between the multifidus muscle and the spine stabilization exercise.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.34-42
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• 1977

The author attempted to observed the histological changes of the temporomandibular joints of rabbits by including malocclusion. Thirth-two healthy male rabbits were devided into two groups; control and experimental group. Eight rabbits were kept as control group, while metal crowns were seated on unilateral lower molar teeth of twenty-four rabbits as experimental group. And the interocclusal distance of the incisal edge was kept 1.5mm from the begining to the end of the experimental periods. Rabbits of each group, one of control group and three of the experimental gorup, were killed at the intervals of one day, three days, one week, two weeks, four weeks, six weeks, eight weeks, and twelve weeks after experiment. The temporomandibular joint including condyle head, articular disc and glenoid fossa were excised and decalcified. The decalcified sections were made histologic sections. The results obtained were as follows. 1. The regressive changes of the condylar head were the main reaction in this experiment that consist of decreasing or increasing thickness of the fibrocartilage zone with hyaline degeneration, decreasing of the cellularity of the proliferative zone, and the irregularity of the arrangement of chondrocytes and size of the lacunae of cartilage cells with chondroclasia and osteoclasia in hypertrophic zone. 2. The regressive changes of the condylar surface of the crown seated side were persisted to the end of the experiment. 3. On the non-crown seated side, severe aggressive changes occurred in initial stage, but hyperplastic changes of the condylar surface noted in the middle of the experimental periods. 4. Although aggressive changes occurred in initial stage of experiment on the non-crown seated side, hyperplastic changes of the condylar surface were noted in the middle of the experimental periods, and remodeling appeared at the termination of the experimental periods. 5. The articular disc exhibited pannus formation on both crown seated and non crown seated side from the beginning of the experiment. The pannus persisted throughout the experiment on the crown seated side, but on the non-crown seated side it disappeared from six week group.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.5-10
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• 2009

Spermatogenesis in male yellow croaker Larimichthys polyactis was histologically investigated by sampling testicular tissue from $2{\sim}3$ years old wild fishes captured from the coast of Mok-Po, South Korea. Spermatogenesis was characterized histologically, and staged according to the most advanced type of germ cell present. Annual reproductive cycle was classified into the following successive 4 stages: spermatogonia from August to September (rest stage), spermatogonia and spermatocytes from October to December (growth stage), spermatogonia, spermatocytes and spermatids from January to February (maturation stage), spermatogonia, spermatocytes, spermatids and spermatozoa from March to May (spermiation stage IV), and regressing testis from June to July (degeneration stage).

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.265-277
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• 1991

In this study, the healing changes of the implanted bone and its surrounding tissues were examined on the histopathologic basis following implantation of the freeze - dried and radiation - sterilized allogeneic bone in Rectus abdominicus of the rat. This study was performed to see the tissue recations after implantation of the freeze - dried and radiation - sterilized allogeneic bone and whether osteogenesis or osteo - induction or osteo - conduction is happened. And the results were as follows : 1. The shape of the implanted allogeneic bone of the 1, 2 - week group specimen was similar to that of normal bone in light - microscopic finding and the atrophy of cellular organells was found in trans - mission electron - microscopic finding. 2. The implanted allogeneic bone was surrounded with the dense fibroconnective tissues, and infiltration of the chronic inflammatory cells gradually became increased. 3. Hyaline degeneration was observed in the surrounding tissue at the 3, 4, 6 - week group specimen. 4. Light - microscopically the resorption of implanted bone became prominent after 4 - week group and the necrosis of allogeneic bone implant became severe with loss of cell components in lacuna. 5. Electron - microscopically, the osteoclast - like cells ere fond after, 2 - week group. It is summarized that the osteo - conduction potential of the bone is remained just after implanting the freeze - dried and radiation - sterilized allogeneic bone on Rectus abdominicus of the rat, but gradually it disappeared with the gradual increse of chronic inflammatory reaction and osteoclastic activity. So it is suggested that the antigenicity of the freeze - dried and radiation - sterilized bone is remained and it has little osteo - conductive activity when it is implanted in the muscle.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.711-726
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• 1999

Aging in the life form occurs due to a gradual progression of the body growth and degeneration. Morphological and functional changes in the body decreases the adaptation and prevention capacity leading into the decline of a life force. Various studies have been released to examine the anti-aging effects of herbal prescriptions. This experiment has chosen Boganhwan which is used for the deficiency of the liver function and studied the anti-aging factors by examining the biotransformation enzymes. The following results were obtained in this study: 1. Hepatic lipid peroxide activity was significantly suppressed in the experimental group treated with Boganhwan for 2 weeks at the dosage of 350mg/kg, while other dosage groups did not present much changes. 2. Insignificant changes were shown for the cytochrome P-450 level, aminopyrine demethylase, and aniline hydroxylase (AH) activities. Cytochrome P-450 do not appears to be a part of the detoxification scheme. 3. Boganhwan decoction treated group showed most significant increase of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, superoxide, and glutathione activities at the concentration of 350mg/kg and 500mg/kg. 4. Glutathione S-transferase and glutathione made most significant increase at the decoction concentration of 350mg/kg and 500mg/kg compared to the control group. 5. Hepatic glutathione concentration, protein bound-SH, and nonprotein bound-SH made most significant increase at the decoction concentration of 350mg/kg and 500mg/kg compared to the control group. From the above results, Boganhwan decoction played an important role in eliminating foreign substances in the body excluding cytochrome P-450 enzyme system. Thus, Boganhwan decoction can provide substantial aid in preventing and treating senile related illnesses.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.625-641
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• 1999

Aging occurs as a part of maturation as the time progresses which manifests in the human body causing morphological and functional degeneration, eventually leading to death. This experimental study was conducted to investigate a herbal formula to fortify the heart with easy clinical applications. Sungshimsan was chosen to study its effects in heart lipid peroxide and metabolic enzyme system in senescence induced rats. After pre-treatment of Sungshimsan for 2 weeks at the dosage of A (100mg/kg), B (250mg/kg), C (350mg/kg), and D (500mg/kg), a lipid peroxide and metabolic enzyme system changes of the heart were meaured in 32 weeks old rats. The following results were obtained in this study: 1. The contents of lipid peroxide was significantly reduced in the experimental groups treated with greater than 2 weeks at 250mg/kg. 2. The enzymatic activity of cytochrome P-450, cytochrome b5, and NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase were significantly decreased in the 250mg/kg, 350mg/kg, and 500mg/kg experimental groups. 3. The activity of glutathione and glutathione S-transferase were significantly increased in the 250mg/kg, 350mg/kg, and 500mg/kg experimental groups. 4. The activity of glutathione reductase and glutathione peroxidase were not influenced compared to the control group. 5. The activity of ${\gamma}$-glutamylcystein synthetase was significantly increased in the 250mg/kg, 350mg/kg, and 500mg/kg experimental groups. 6. The activity of enzymes detoxificatioon superoxide dismutase and catalase were not influenced compared to the control group. Summarizing above results suggest that the Sungshimsan has profound effects in the heart lipid peroxide, free radicals, and delaying the heart aging process. Further clinical researches and application can be anticipated on the topic of senility and gerontology.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.55 no.4
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• pp.314-318
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• 2011

Glutamate-induced oxidative injury contributes to neuronal degeneration in many central nervous system (CNS) diseases, such as epilepsy and ischemia. Inducible heme oxygenase (HO)-1 acts against oxidants that are thought to play a role in the pathogenesis of these diseases. In the present study, we investigated the neuroprotective effects of the standard extracts of Taraxacum officinale Weber, one of the original plants of Taraxaci Herba, on glutamate-induced oxidative injury in mouse hippocampal HT22 cells. The standard EtOH extract of the aerial parts of T. officinale (NNMBS270) showed significant cytoprotective effects on glutamate-induced neurotoxicity and induced the expression of heme oxygenase (HO)-1 in the mouse hippocampal HT22 cells, while the roots' extract (NNMBS271) did not show neuroprotective effect. These results suggest that the extract of the aerial parts of T. officinale could be an effective candidate for the treatment of ROS-related neurological diseases.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.43-53
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• 1973

The flight muscles in Pieris rapae have been examined to study ultrastructural changes in mitochondria with aging. All the mitochondira of flight muscle from the butterfly are recognized as type A which has the simple folded cristae and light matrix, and type B which possesses the complex multicristae and dense matrix. In just newly emerged butterflies both A and B type mitochondria are almost equally present. About ten days after emergence the type A mitochondria rapidly decrease, compared with the type B. In ten-day-old butterflies the type B mitochondria vary in ultrastructure with age. Ultrastructural changes of these aged mitochondria are supposed to occur, in part, by reorganization of inner membranes into myelin-like structures which represent the phase of degeneration of the B type with age. Age-dependent increase in size and number of concentric rings in myelin-like whorl are also found. Glycogen particles penetrated from the cytoplasmic matrix of the muscle cell into the mitochondrial matrix to be in the center of their concentric rings.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.55-59
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• 2014

Sarcopenia, or reduced muscle mass and volume, is due to various factors such as senile change, neuronal degeneration, drug, malignancy, and sepsis. Sarcopenia with the aging process has been evidenced by the decline in muscle mass by 0.5 to 1% per year with 3-5% reduction in muscle strength for 10 years between the ages of 40 and 50, and a 1-2% of decline of mass every year in people aged 60-70. Therefore, early diagnosis and understanding the mechanism of sarcopenia are crucial in the prevention of muscle loss. However, it is still difficult to image changes of muscle microstructure due to a lack of techniques. In this study, we developed an animal model using denervated rats to induce a rapid atrophy in the tibialis anterior (TA) and imaged its structural changes using optical coherence tomography (OCT) along with histologic and ultrasound analyses. Ultrasound showed changes of overall muscle size. Histology revealed that the atrophic TA muscle displayed an increased size variability of muscle fiber and inflammatory changes. Three dimensional OCT imaged the changes of perimysial grid and muscle fiber structure in real time without sacrifice. These observed advantages of multimodal imaging using OCT and ultrasound would provide clinical benefits in the diagnosis of sarcopenia.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.29-34
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• 1960

From the view point of phytopathological anatomy, the author has tried to study the effect of the shoot cluster disease virus on the internal structure of vascular tissues of chinese date tree (Ziziphus jujuba var. inermis Rehd.) comparing healthy checks and diseased plants. The materials were collected at the several sites, Kumgock-Ri, Masuc-Ri, Kyungi-Do, and near the campus of Korea University and around the area of Chongam-Dong, Seoul City, from August 15th to September 5th 1959. The leaf materials of healthy and diseased plants are fixed and aspirated in two kinds of killing solutions, formalin-acetic acid alcohol solution and Craf III solution. Sections were cut at 5-10$\mu$ thickness and stained with the double staining reagents of safranin and fast green. In this experiment the author has observed that there are marked structural changes in the infected plants in contrast of healthy checks. As figures 3-7 show that the following characteric changes have taken place on infected plants: 1) the arrangement of irregularly developed sieve elements in phloem, 2) the degeneration of phloem elements, 3) the irregular arrangement of epidermis in mid-vein, 4) more necrosis is observed among the parenchymatous cells, 5) abundant accumulatin of starch grains in parenchymatous cells, . In contrast to the above irregularities caused by the virus disease, the healthy checks appear normal structures as shown in figures 1 and 2. In adding to the all features noted above, the author could also observe an interesting feature that the xylem elements in mid-vein vascular bundle tissues are considerably disorganized to show the unspecialized vessel elements, the irregularly arranged xylem elements. However, this kind of irregularities which occur in xylem under the virus infection has not been reported previously. The features noted on the internal structure of vascular bundle under the condition of infection by the shoot cluster disease on chinese date trees appear to be more or less closely similar to the symptoms of the bunchy-top of banana and the yellow dwarf disease of barley in respect to the fact that whether phloem necrosis takes place as a primary symptom or a secondary symptom. In all these disease, primary histological changes of hypoplasia and hypertrophy are preceeded by the necrosis of phloem.