• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.280-286
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• 2019

In this study, PVF11 was selected among 20 candidate pathogenesis-related genes in Burkholderia glumae based on its effect on virulence to rice. PVF11 was found to interact with several plant defense-related WRKY proteins as evidenced through yeast-two hybrid analysis (Y2H). Moreover, PVF11 showed interactions with abiotic and biotic stress response-related rice proteins, as shown by genome-wide Y2H screening employing PVF11 and a cDNA library from B. glumae-infected rice. To confirm the effect of PVF11 on B. glumae virulence, in planta assays were conducted at different stages of rice growth. As a result, a PVF11-defective mutant showed reduced virulence in rice seedlings and stems but not in rice panicles, indicating that PVF11 involvement in B. glumae virulence in rice is stage-dependent.

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2003년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.2-2
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• pp.111.1-111.1
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• 2003

Bacterial infection is a very complex process in which both pathogens and host cells play crucial roles, and the host cells undergo drastic changes in their physiology, releasing various proteins in response to the pathogenic infection. Human airway epithelial surface serves as a first line of defense against microorganisms and the external environment. It is well known that bronchial epithelial cells secrete various chemokines and cytokines such as IL-6 and IL-8 to cope with various respiratory pathogens. (omitted)

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제29권8호
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• pp.861-866
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• 1996

Tannins in plant foods and beverages may produce antinutritional or toxic effects although some proteins with high affinity for tannins seem to function as defense mechanism to tannin toxicity. Our objectives were to investigate of tea tannins, iron and protein and to evaluate the role of proteins in tannin effects on iron solubility. Iron solubility in vitro was measured using tea with and without proteins. Mixtures of tea, protein in varying concentrations(either gelatin or bovine serum albumin), and iron(eithe 10 or 50ug/mL) were prepared. Controls contained water in place of tea. Iron bioavailability was assessed by measuring iron solubility in the simulated gastric condition with pepsin digestion. Bound iron was removed by centrifugation and soluble in tea alone. When iron concentratin was 10ug/mL, addition of small amounts of protein to tea dramatically reduced iron solubility, but solubility of iron increased in the tea mixturea as the concentration of protein was increased. The percnetage of iron that precipitated was much greater at 10ug Fe/mL than the values at 50ug Fe/mL suggesting that the iron binding sites on the tea-protein complex was saturated. These results suggest that interactions of iron with tea tannins are influenced by the concentratins of protein and iron.

• 방사선산업학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.1-5
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• 2011

Since proteomics can be employed to compare changes in the expression levels of many proteins under particular genetic and environmental conditions, using mass spectrometry to establish radiation stimulon, we performed two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and identified E. coli proteins whose expressions are affected by high dose of ionizing radiation. After exposure to 3 kGy, it was found that 6 proteins involved in carbon and energy metabolism were reduced. Although 4 of 7 protein spots showing a significant increase in expression level were neither identified nor classified, uridine phosphorylase (Udp), superoxide dismutase (SodB), and thioredoxin-dependent thiol peroxidase (Bcp) were proven to be up-regulated after irradiation. This suggests that E. coli subjected to high doses of radiation (3 kGy) may operate a defense system that is able to detoxify reactive oxygen species and stimulate the salvage pathway of nucleotide synthesis to replenish damaged DNA.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.159-173
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• 2009

Nuclear factor erythroid derived 2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) is a master transcription regulator of antioxidant and cytoprotective proteins that mediate cellular defense against oxidative and inflammatory stresses. Disruption of cellular stress response by Nrf2 deficiency causes enhanced susceptibility to infection and related inflammatory diseases as a consequence of exacerbated immune-mediated hypersensitivity and autoimmunity. The cellular defense capacity potentiated by Nrf2 activation appears to balance the population of $CD4^+$ and $CD8^+$ of lymph node cells for proper innate immune responses. Nrf2 can negatively regulate the activation of pro-inflammatory signaling molecules such as p38 MAPK, NF-${\kappa}B$, and AP-1. Nrf2 subsequently functions to inhibit the production of pro-inflammatory mediators including cytokines, chemokines, cell adhesion molecules, matrix metalloproteinases, COX-2 and iNOS. Although not clearly elucidated, the antioxidative function of genes targeted by Nrf2 may cooperatively regulate the innate immune response and also repress the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators.

• 한국해양생명과학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.31-37
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• 2021

Larvae from the marine medaka fish Oryzias javanicus were exposed with polystyrene microplastics (MPs) for 24 h. Exposure to waterborne fluorescent MPs showed clear ingestion and egestion in feces. Under constant MPs, the concentration of dissolved oxygen significantly decreased in 24 h compared to the control. Significant intracellular reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde contents were detected in larvae, indicating oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation. Significant elevations in mRNA expressions of heat shock protein 70 and antioxidant defense system genes (glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase) were measured with increases in enzymatic activity of oxidative stress-related proteins. Taken together, the alterations to the molecular and biochemical components suggested that waterborne MPs had an oxidative stress effect on marine medaka larvae.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.205-214
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• 2021

The use of the supernatant from a Bacillus subtilis culture mixed with sodium bicarbonate was explored as a means of controlling stem brown spot disease in dragon fruit plants. In in vitro experiments, the B. subtilis supernatant used with sodium bicarbonate showed a strong inhibition effect on the growth of the fungus, Neoscytalidium dimidiatum, the agent causing stem brown spot disease and was notably effective in preventing fungal invasion of dragon fruit plant. This combination not only directly suppressed the growth of N. dimidiatum, but also indirectly affected the development of the disease by eliciting the dragon-fruit plant's defense response. Substantial levels of the pathogenesis-related proteins, chitinase and glucanase, and the phenylpropanoid biosynthetic pathway enzymes, peroxidase and phenyl alanine ammonia-lyase, were triggered. Significant lignin deposition was also detected in treated cladodes of injured dragon fruit plants in in vivo experiments. In summary, B. subtilis supernatant combined with sodium bicarbonate protected dragon fruit plant loss through stem brown spot disease during plant development in the field through pathogenic fungal inhibition and the induction of defense response mechanisms.

• 한국생물물리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물물리학회 2002년도 제9회 학술 발표회 프로그램과 논문초록
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• pp.29-29
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• 2002

In response to fungal invasion and other signals, plants accumulate a number of proteins that are involved in defense against pathogens. Osmotin is a 24 kDa protein belonging to the pathogenesis-related (PR) protein, a component of the hypersensitive response in leaves of tobacco plants exposed to tobacco mosaic virus.(omitted)

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.357-362
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• 2016

ALD1 (ABERRANT GROWTH AND DEATH2 [AGD2]-LIKE DEFENSE1) is one of the key defense regulators in Arabidopsis thaliana and Nicotiana benthamiana. In these model plants, ALD1 is responsible for triggering basal defense response and systemic resistance against bacterial infection. As well ALD1 is involved in the production of pipecolic acid and an unidentified compound(s) for systemic resistance and priming syndrome, respectively. These previous studies proposed that ALD1 is a potential candidate for developing genetically modified (GM) plants that may be resistant to pathogen infection. Here we introduce a role of ALD1-LIKE gene of Oryza sativa, named as OsALD1, during plant immunity. OsALD1 mRNA was strongly transcribed in the infected leaves of rice plants by Magnaporthe oryzae, the rice blast fungus. OsALD1 proteins predominantly localized at the chloroplast in the plant cells. GM rice plants over-expressing OsALD1 were resistant to the fungal infection. The stable expression of OsALD1 also triggered strong mRNA expression of PATHOGENESIS-RELATED PROTEIN1 genes in the leaves of rice plants during infection. Taken together, we conclude that OsALD1 plays a role in disease resistance response of rice against the infection with rice blast fungus.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.287-296
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• 2005

프로테오믹스 기법을 이용하여 벼 저온 스트레스 관련 단백질을 분리 동정하기 위하여 저온 처리한 벼로부터 단백질을 분리하였다. 분리한 단백질로부터 Rubisco 단백질을 제거하기 위해 $15\%$ PEG fractionation을 실시한 후 $15\%$ PEG 상등액과 pellet 분획을 각각 이차원전기 영동으로 단백질을 분석하였고, MALDI-TOF MS를 이용하여 단백질을 동정하였다. $15\%$ PEG 상등액에서 8개의 단백질 spot이 증가하였고 10개의 spot 이 감소하였다. 증가한 8개 단백질 spot 중에서 epimerase/dehydratase, fructokinase, ribose-5-phosphate isomerase (Rpi), chaperonin 21 precursor, photosystem II oxygen-envolving complex (PS II OEC) protien 2 precursor, thioredoxin h-type (Trx-h) 등 6개의 단백질이 확인되어졌다. $15\%$ PEG pellet 분획에서 13개의 단백질 spot이 증가하였고 14 spot이 감소하였으며, 증가한 13개 단백질 spot중에서 OSJNB b059K02.15, hypothetical protein, mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MAPKK), 20S proteasome beta 7 subunit, Rubisco small subunit 등 5개의 단백질이 확인되어졌다. 확인되어진 단백질들은 기능별로 분류해 본 결과, 세포대사관련 단백질, energy 생성에 관련된 단백질, 산화환원 조절관련 단백질, 식물 병 방어관련, 단백질 합성 및 신호전달 관련 단백질 등으로 분류되었다. 이들 중 RPi와 MAPKK가 저온 스트레스에 의해 발현되는 것이 본 실험의 프로테옴 분석을 통하여 최초로 동정되었다.