• Human Ecology Research
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• 제57권3호
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• pp.419-430
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• 2019

This study examined the influences of middle school students' affective empathy and guilt-proneness on defending behavior against bullying and investigated if class climate (teacher support and student support) had moderating effects. The participants consisted of 163 second to third grade students (77 boys and 86 girls) in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do. The data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation, and hierarchical regression. Moderating effects were examined using multiple regression analysis. The results of this study indicated that guilt-proneness, teacher support, and student support had significant effects on the defending behavior of middle school students. The higher the level of guilt-proneness, the higher the level of defending behavior. Defending behavior was also higher when students perceived a belongingness to a classroom where their teacher and students provided support. However, affective empathy had no effect on defending behavior. Second, teacher support moderated the relation between guilt-proneness and defending behavior. The effects of guilt-proneness on defending behavior against bullying were greater when teacher support was high compared to low. The results suggested that guilt-proneness and classroom climate play important roles in increasing defending behavior in middle school students. Some implications for future research were also discussed.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.46-54
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• 2021

Bullying prevention and intervention programs often include empathy training. This study investigated how the cognitive empathy and affective empathy are related to bullying involvement. For this purpose, a questionnaire composed of Korean version of Participant Role Questionnaire scale (bullying, defending, and outsider behavior), and Korean version of Basic Empathy Scale (cognitive empathy, and affective empathy) were administered to 598 middle school students from 7 different middle schools in Gyeongnam province of Korea. The results, based on Structural equation modeling, showed that adolescents' cognitive empathy were indirectly linked to bullying behavior of adolescents' through defending behavior and outsider behavior. Adolescents' affective empathy were directly linked to bullying behavior. These findings could guide the development and implementation of prevention programs for adolescents' bulling. Implications and future research are discussed.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.95-111
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• 2010

We examined gender-specific behaviors in children and classified types of bullying behavior among 1,181 fifth and sixth grade elementary schools students. Differences were identified in individual variables, family environment variables, and school environment variables. Furthermore the behavioral tendencies of those variables towards bullying were also investigated. Collected data were subjected to descriptive and comparative statistical analysis using the SPSS program(Ver 15.0). Results showed that tendency towards bullying was gender specific. Bullying behavior, reinforcing behavior, assistant behavior, and onlooking behavior in boys were influenced by individual factors only. However, defending behavior in boys was influenced by individual and school factors, while victimizing behavior was influenced by individual and family factors. In girls, onlooking behavior was only influenced by individual factors, while reinforcing behavior was influenced by individual and family factors. Bullying behavior, defending behavior, assistant behavior, and victimizing behavior in girls were influenced by individual, family, and school factors.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.353-361
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to determine the predictors of health promoting behavior in postpartal $4{\sim}6$ week women. The sample consisted of 104 postpartal women who experienced a vaginal delivery at four obstetrical clinics located in Kwangju city. Data were collected for two months from June 1 to July 30, 1997. Analysis of the data was done by use of percentage, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's Correlation Coeficients, and Stepwise Multiple Regression. The results of this study were summarized as follows : 1. The range of total HPLP score was from 93 to 182 and the mean score of that was 142.28. In comparison of mean scores defending on each item of six demensions, self-actualization demension tended to showed hightest score(3.33) and exercise & rest demension, the lowest score(2.47). 2. The HPLP score was not significantly different defending on the general characteristics. 3. The HPLP score showed a positive correlation with family-support(r=.51) and self-efficacy(r=.41), but a inverse correlation with perceived barriers(r=-.27). 4. By using stepwise multiple regression analysis it was determined that the main influencing factors on the HPLP score were family-support(26%) and self-efficacy (8%). These variables made it possible to explain 34% of variance in HPLP score.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.491-504
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• 2007

This study was based on resilience approach to find out elementary first, second, and third year students' differences of social support and problem solving ability defending on their family situation (low-income divorced family or normal family) by comparing their sex and age. In addition, the purpose of this study was to find out the effect of factors (social support, problem behavior, and problem solving ability) of children defending on their family situation and age. Moreover, it was aimed to find out the effect of social support and problem solving ability of low-income divorced family's children on their problem behavior. Subjects were 165 children in elementary school (grade 1, 2, and 3). For this study two groups were used for comparison. First, low-grade elementary school children with low-income divorced parents (N=87), "group D" and second, with low-income non-divorced parents (N=78) "group N". The questionnaire, picture cards, and teacher's report was used to determine social support perception, problem-solving ability, and problem behavior, respectively. Results showed that "Group D" was determined to show regarding social support, problem-solving ability, and problem behaviors worse than "group N". In conclusion, problem behaviors of "group D" were affected by social support and their problem-solving ability.

• 한국심리학회지 : 문화 및 사회문제
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.107-131
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• 2022

본 연구는 직장 내 괴롭힘 주변인 행동을 측정하는 척도를 개발하고 타당화하는 것을 목적으로 실시되었다. 이를 위해 직장 내 괴롭힘 관련 선행연구를 참고하여 문항을 개발하고, 친가해행동, 방어행동, 방관행동으로 하위유형을 규정하였다. 전문가를 통한 내용 타당도 확인 후 총 31문항의 예비문항을 구성하였다. 지난 3년간 직장 내 괴롭힘을 직·간접적으로 목격한 민간기업 사무직 직장인 288명의 설문자료로 탐색적 요인분석을 실시하여 최종문항 26개를 선정하였으며, 이 과정에서 방어행동이 적극적 유형과 지지적 유형 두 가지 구인으로 변별됨이 확인되었다. 지난 1년간 직장 내 괴롭힘을 직·간접적으로 목격한 민간기업 사무직 직장인 518명의 자료로 확인적 요인분석을 실시하고 개발된 척도의 타당성과 신뢰성을 확인하였다. 하위유형의 재확인을 위해 경쟁모형 비교를 실시한 결과 적극적 방어행동과 지지적 방어행동이 변별됨이 재차 확인되었다. 직장 내 괴롭힘 가해행동, 조직 내 이타적 행동, 친 사회적 행동, 개입에의 공포, 도덕적 이탈, 죄책감, 도덕적 정체성의 준거변인을 설정하여 모든 하위유형의 준거 관련 타당도를 확인하였다. 본 연구의 결과로 직장 내 괴롭힘 주변인 행동과 관련된 후속 연구 과제와 직장 내 괴롭힘 예방 및 개입에 있어 주변인 행동을 활용할 방안에 대해 논의하였다.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.826-829
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• 2011

Distributed systems particularly suffer from Sybil attacks, where a malicious user creates numerous bogus nodes to influence the functions of the system. In this letter, we propose a Bloom filter-based scheme, SybilBF, to fight against Sybil attacks. A Bloom filter presents a set of Sybil nodes according to historical behavior, which can be disseminated to at least n (e-1)/e honest nodes. Our evaluation shows that SybilBF outperforms state of the art mechanisms improving SybilLimit by a factor of (1/e)${\gamma}$ at least.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.179-191
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• 2024

With the advancement of modern technology, cyber-attacks are always rising. Specialized defense systems are needed to protect organizations against these threats. Malicious behavior in the network is discovered using security tools like intrusion detection systems (IDS), firewall, antimalware systems, security information and event management (SIEM). It aids in defending businesses from attacks. Delivering advance threat feeds for precise attack detection in intrusion detection systems is the role of cyber-threat intelligence (CTI) in the study is being presented. In this proposed work CTI feeds are utilized in the detection of assaults accurately in intrusion detection system. The ultimate objective is to identify the attacker behind the attack. Several data sets had been analyzed for attack detection. With the proposed study the ability to identify network attacks has improved by using machine learning algorithms. The proposed model provides 98% accuracy, 97% precision, and 96% recall respectively.

• 한국심리학회지 : 문화 및 사회문제
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.119-135
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 기질 특성을 활용한 학교폭력 방관자 프로그램을 개발하고자 하였다. 학교폭력 상황에서 대부분의 학생은 방관자이며, 이들은 단순한 목격자가 아니라 폭력을 강화하거나 중단하는 역동적인 역할을 한다. 학생에게 각자의 기질검사 결과를 알게 하고 폭력 상황에서 기질 특성에 맞게 대응할 수 있도록 하였으며, 이것이 피해자를 돕고자 하는 태도 변화에 영향을 미치는지 살펴보았다. 351명의 중학생이 4회기의 학교폭력 예방 프로그램에 참여하였으며, 프로그램 시작 전후로 자기 보고 검사를 시행하였다. 실험 집단(기질 집단)은 기질검사(TCI, Cloninger)로 측정된 기질 특성에 적합한 보호자로서의 역할을 배웠다. 반면, 통제 집단은 방관자로서 폭력 상황에 대응할 수 있는 방법을 교육 받고 역할극에 참여하였다. 연구 결과, 프로그램 시행 이후 통제 집단에서는 학교폭력에 대한 방관적인 태도에 유의한 변화가 없었으나, 기질 집단은 방관적 태도가 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 통제 집단과 기질 집단 모두 프로그램 시행 후 학교폭력 상황에서 보호자로서의 역할에 대한 인식 수준이 유의하게 상승하였으며, 기질 집단에서 그 정도가 큰 상호작용 효과가 발견되었다. 결과를 종합하여, 시사점과 본 연구의 의의, 제한점 및 후속 연구에 대한 제언에 대해 논의하였다.

• 한국어류학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.193-201
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• 2006

한강 지류인 가정천과 원주천에 서식하는 Z. platypus의 생식생태에 관하여 연구하였다. 이차성징으로 수컷의 머리부위와 뒷지느러미, 미병부에 추성이 형성되었고 혼인색의 변화가 뚜렷하였으며, 산란기 체형변화로 암수에서 모두 뒷지느러미 길이가 길어지고, 체고도 높아졌다. Z. platypus 수컷의 세력권 싸움의 형태는 머리싸움(head butting), 회전싸움(rotated fighting), 평행하게 헤엄치면서 싸우기(parallel swimming), 물어뜯기(biting), 축출하기(expelling) 등이었다. Z. platypus는 전반적으로 유속이 느리고, 수심이 얕은 모래 바닥에 산란이 임박한 암컷의 상부에 위치하다가 옆으로 내려와 나란히 자세를 취한 뒤 뒷지느러미로 모래를 파헤치면서 산란 하였고, 별도의 난 보호행동은 하지 않았다. 산란 간격과 지속시간은 산란장의 개체 밀도와 관련이 있었다.