• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2022.10a
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• pp.213-215
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• 2022

Recently, deep learning technology that processes images has been widely used in fire detection, autonomous driving, and defective product detection. In particular, in order to determine whether a product is contaminated or not, it can be identified through the contaminants passed from the existing sensor data, but technologies for recognizing cracks in products or contaminants themselves as images are being actively studied in various fields. In this paper, a system for classifying uncontaminated normal cups and contaminated cups through images was designed and implemented. The image was analyzed using an open image and a photographed image, and the image was analyzed by extracting the upper part of the cup image using Google Objectron for 3D object recognition. Through this study, it is thought that it will be used in various ways for research that can extract the contamination level of products required in the hygiene field based on images.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.102-110
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• 2008

Complementation assay of the urea uptake-defective yeast mutants led to the identification of the Arabidopsis AtTIP4;1 gene encoding the aquaporin. However, its physiological functions still remain elusive. In the present study, histochemical and genetic analyses were performed to understand the physiological roles of AtTIP4;1 in urea uptake. The AtTIP4;1 product was detectible in the roots, but not in the leaves, the stem, and the flower. Its promoter allowed the expression of the $\beta$-glucuronidase reporter gene in the roots and the apical meristem in Arabidopsis. The AtTIP4;1 products were induced under nitrogen-deficient conditions. To investigate the role of the tonoplast intrinsic protein in urea transport and developments, Arabidopsis with the loss- and the gain-of-function mutations by T-DNA insertion in AtTIP4;1 and 35S promoter-mediated overexpression of AtTIP4;1 were identified, respectively. The transfer DNA insertion and the AtTIP4;1-overexpressed plants showed normal growth and development under normal or abiotic stress growth conditions. The urea-uptake studies using $^{14}C$-labeled urea revealed higher accumulation of urea in the AtTIP4;1-overexpressed plants. These results provide evidence that overexpression of AtTIP4;1 leads to the increase in the urea-uptake rate in plants without detectable defects to the growth and development.

• Design & Manufacturing
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.21-27
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• 2020

Recently, LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) has been replaced by OLDE (Organic Light Emitting Diode) in high resolution display industry. In the process of OLDE production, it inspects defective products by sending a signal using a probe during OLED panel inspection. At this time, the cause of the detection of failure is divided into two. One is the self-defect of the OLED panel and the other is the poor contact occurring in the process of contact between the two. The second case is unknown at the time of testing, which increases the time for retesting. To this end, we made a system that can identify in real time whether the probe is in contact during the inspection. A contact probe unit was designed for the system, and a stage system was implemented. An inspection system was constructed through S / W and circuit configuration for actual inspection. Finally, a system that can check contact and non-contact in real time was constructed.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.468-474
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• 2016

Recently with smartphones and tablets, personal earphones have been using to utilize a wide range of multimedia services. Especially smartphones sold domestically provide earphones as necessaries. As a life style listening to music through smartphones and tablets has been spread widely, there has been in increasing demand of earphones necessary for enjoying music anytime and anywhere. This paper has simplified the complex performance test processes to inspect defective products when producing a large amount of earphonesand has improved the existing performance test processes to reduce the costs and time for the performance test of earphones. In this paper, the improved performance test processes through developing the performance test equipment of earphones can reduce the performance test inspectors, cut down the performance test time, and increase the daily amount of the performance test.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.31-40
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• 2020

As private sewage treatment facilities in Korea are constantly concerned about the distribution and poor construction of defective products, minimum standards for each unit process applicable to the planning and design of sewage treatment facilities are deemed necessary. The problems and requirements of the analysis results of the operation status discussed in this study are as follows. 1) Strengthening education of supervisor of private sewage treatment facility. 2) Poor operation and management of Sewage treatment facilities. 3) A mandatory review of sewage treatment facilities for less than 2 ㎥/day of facilities other than sewage treatment zones. 4) Necessity of management of sewage treatment facility in feedstocks. 5) As a result of the technical review, Improvement plans for Ineligible facility are needed. It is also necessary to prepare a guidebook for design construction and maintenance by investigating and analyzing guidelines and data related to domestic and foreign private sewage treatment facilities.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2009

DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) occur commonly in the all living and in cycling cells. They constitute one of the most severe form of DNA damage, because they affect both strand of DNA. DSBs result in cell death or a genetic alterations including deletion, loss of heterozygosity, translocation, and chromosome loss. DSBs arise from endogenous sources like metabolic products and reactive oxygen, and also exogenous factors like ionizing radiation. Defective DNA DSBs can lead to toxicity and large scale sequence rearrangement that can cause cancer and promote premature aging. There are two major pathways for their repair: homologous recombination(HR) and non-homologous end-joining(NHEJ). The HR pathway is a known "error-free" repair mechanism, in which a homologous sister chromatid serves as a template. NHEJ, on the other hand, is a "error-prone" pathway, in which the two termini of the broken DNA molecule are used to form compatible ends that are directly ligated. This review aims to provide a fundamental understanding of how HR and NHEJ pathways operate, cause genome instability, and what kind of genes during the pathways are associated with head and neck cancer.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.186-189
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• 2011

PURPOSE. Porcelain fused to metal (PFM) crowns provide the best treatment option for teeth that have a large or defective restoration. More than 20% of teeth with PFM crowns or bridges require non-surgical root canal treatment (NSRCT). This may be due to the effect of restorative procedures and the possible leakage of bacteria and or their by-products, which leads to the demise of the tooth pulp. Thus, this study was planned to compare the ability of the restorative materials to seal perforated PFM specimens. MATERIALS AND METHODS. The study evaluates the ability of amalgam, composite or compomer restorative materials to close perforated PFM specimen's in-vitro. Ninety PFM specimens were constructed using Ni-Cr alloys and feldspathic porcelain, and then they were divided into 3 groups: amalgam (A), composite + Exite adhesive bond (B) and compomer + Syntac adhesive bond (C). All the PFM samples were embedded in an acrylic block to provide complete sealing of the hole from the bottom side. After the aging period, each group was further divided into 3 equal subgroups according to the thermocycling period (one week for 70 cycles, one month for 300 cycles and three months for 900 cycles). Each subgroup was put into containers containing dye (Pelikan INK), one maintained at $5^{\circ}C$ and the other at $55^{\circ}C$, each cycle for 30 sec time. The data obtained was analyzed by SPSS, 2006 using one way ANOVA test and student t-test and significant difference level at (P<.01). RESULTS. The depth of dye penetration was measured at the interfaces of PFM and filling materials using Co-ordinate Vernier Microscope. The lowest levels of the dye penetration for the three groups, as well as subgroups were during the first week. The values of dye leakage had significantly increased by time intervals in subgroups A and C. CONCLUSION. It was seen that amalgam showed higher leakage than composite while compomer showed the lowest level of leakage.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.64-72
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• 2015

In this paper, we have developed the gantry automation system via information technology (IT) to improve the productivity of fuel filter manufacturing process. The monitoring system of manufacturing process plays an important role in analyzing the defective products as well as improving the production yield rate. The experimental results of 3 months with 10000 samples validate that the error rate is decreased from 0.65 % to 0.45 %. Also, the defect of raw material is decreased via monitoring of material tools which can notify the time for replacement and accurate insertion of raw materials to the loader. The productivity is increased by reducing the process time from 94.7 sec to 78.8 sec per raw material through comparing the whole manufacturing courses : from inserting of raw material to outcome of product. The process time is decreased by 20.2 % by automation of inserting and outcome course. Moreover, safety of worker as well as reduction of transfer time are highly related with increase of productivity.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.681-690
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• 2017

Various imbalanced binary classification problems exist such as fraud detection in banking operations, detecting spam mail and predicting defective products. Several sampling methods such as over sampling, under sampling, SMOTE have been developed to overcome the poor prediction performance of binary classifiers when the proportion of one group is dominant. In order to overcome this problem, several sampling methods such as over-sampling, under-sampling, SMOTE have been developed. In this study, we investigate prediction performance of logistic regression, Lasso, random forest, boosting and support vector machine in combination with the sampling methods for binary imbalanced data. Four real data sets are analyzed to see if there is a substantial improvement in prediction performance. We also emphasize some precautions when the sampling methods are implemented.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.63-89
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• 2014

In 1976, the Dalkon Shield-intrauterine device injured several thousand women in U.S.A. which caused the changes of medical deivce regulation. The Medical Device Regulation Act or Medical Device Amendments of 1976 (MDA) was introduce. As part of the process of regulating medical devices, the MDA divides medical devices into three categories. The class II, and III devices which have moderate harm or more can use the section 510 (k), premarket notification process if the manufacturer can establish that its device is "substantially equivalent" to a device that was marketed before 1976. In 21 U.S.C. ${\S}$ 360k(a), MDA introduced a provision which expressly preempts competing state laws or regulations. After that, the judicial debates had began over the proper interpretation and application of Section 360(k) In February 2008, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled in Riegel v. Medtronic that manufacturer approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)'s pre-market approval process are preempted from liability, even when the devices have defective design or lack of labeling. But the Supreme Court ruled in Medtronic Inc. v. Lora Lohr that the manufactures which use the section 510 (k) process cannot be preempted and in Bausch v. Stryker Corp. that manufactures which violated the CGMP standard are also liable to the damage of patient at the state courts. In 2009, the Supreme Court ruled in Wyeth v. Levine that patients harmed by prescription drugs can claim damages in state courts. This may cause a double standard between prescription drugs and medical devices. FDA Preemption is the legal theory in the United States that exempts product manufacturers from tort claims regarding Food and Drug Administration approved products. FDA Preemption has been a highly contentious issue. In general, consumer groups are against it while the FDA and pharmaceutical manufacturers are in favor of it. This issues also influences the theory of product liability of U.S.A. Complete immunity preemption is an issue need to be more declared.