• Archives of design research
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.285-294
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• 2002

According to the dramatical changes from individual trip to the family and couple trip in 1990 caused by both economic growth, rising the level of people's income, and change of social structure such as the increasing time due to the fact of automatic system, and social trends to use this time for their leisure time, this trend influences on the cruise. recently, required for accommodating room to family, the cruise decorated with luxurious things becomes the center of public attention. This study should be a foundation works for developing domestic cruise in near future through surveying a floor plan (plan of room and deck), picture of room, characteristic of space, finish material and interior spatial organization factor & characteristic and analyzing them.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.1-20
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• 2005

The expertise required in the judicious use of nonlinear finite element (FE) packages for design-assistance purposes is not widely available to the average engineer, whose sole aim may be to obtain an estimate for a single design parameter, such as the limit load capacity of a structure. Such a parameter may be required for the design of a proposed reinforced concrete (RC) floor slab or bridge deck with a given set of geometrical and material details. This paper outlines a procedure for developing design-assistance equations for carrying out such predictions for partially restrained RC slabs under uniformly distributed loading condition, based on a database of FE results previously generated from a large number of 'numerical model' slabs. The developed equations have been used for predicting the peak loads of a number of experimental RC slabs having varying degrees of edge restraints; with results showing a reasonable degree of accuracy and low level of scatter. The simplicity of the equations makes them attractive and their successful use in the field of application reported in this paper suggest that the outlined procedure may also be extended to other classes of concrete structures.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.224-231
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• 2007

Superyachts are passenger vessels whose hull exceeds 24m. They are a kind of luxurious leisure ships. Interior designers can contribute in the field of space design of superyachts. This study is intended to investigate the space elements and their organization of superyachts for putting the base of superyachts interior design. Especially it is focused on the interior space division by structural elements such as the watertight bulkheads and decks. In this study we analyze general arrangements, floor plans of decks, of 31 superyachts and extract space elements and their disposition in three dimension. On the basis of the space arrangement we classify the types of space organization of superyachts. And then we inquire the interior space division of superyachts, which is characterized by the structural elements of the ship. The watertight compartments made by the bulkheads and decks have a great effect on interior space design in super yachts. The results of this study are summed up as follows: At first, the small-size superyacht has 3 decks and the midium or large-size superyachts has 4decks. Secondly, depending on the number of decks the superyachts has several typical patterns of space organization. Thirdly, in general there are 5-6 watertight compartments on a deck depending on the superyachts scale. Finally, there are distinct separation between the passenger's movement and the crew's movement on the ship.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.51 no.5
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• pp.563-573
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• 2024

This research experimentally evaluated the local stress distribution along the cross-section of composite beams under both positive and negative moments. The experiment utilized a large-scale, two-story, two-by-three bay steel gravity frame with a concrete on metal deck floor system. The composite shear connections, which are nominally assumed to be pinned under gravity loading, can develop non-negligible moment-resisting capacity when subjected to lateral loads. This paper discusses the local stress distribution, orshear lag effects, observed near the beam-to-column connections when subjected to combined gravity and lateral loading. Strain gauges were used for measurements along the beam depth at varying distances from the connection. The experimental data showed amplified shear lag effects near the unconnected region of the beam web and bottom flange under the applied loading conditions. These results indicate that strain does not vary linearly across the beam cross-section adjacent to the connection components. This insight has implications for the use of experimental strain gauge data in estimating beam demands near the connections. These findings can be beneficial in informing instrumentation plans for future experimental studies on composite beams.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.167-175
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• 2019

To effectively deal with the fire in tunnel which is mostly the vehicle fire, it's more important to suppress the fire at early stage. In urban tunnel, however, accessibility to the scene of fire by the fire fighter is very limited due to severe traffic congestion which causes the difficulty with firefighting activity in timely manner and such a problem would be further worsened in underground road (double-deck tunnel) which has been increasingly extended and deepened. In preparation for the disaster in Korea, the range of life safety facilities for installation is defined based on category of the extension and fire protection referring to risk hazard index which is determined depending on tunnel length and conditions, and particularly to directly deal with the tunnel fire, fire extinguisher, indoor hydrant and sprinkler are designated as the mandatory facilities depending on category. But such fire extinguishing installations are found inappropriate functionally and technically and thus the measure to improve the system needs to be taken. Particularly in a double-deck tunnel which accommodates the traffic in both directions within a single tunnel of which section is divided by intermediate slab, the facility or the system which functions more rapidly and effectively is more than important. This study, thus, is intended to supplement the problems with existing tunnel life safety system (fire extinguishing) and develop the remote-controlled automatic fire extinguishing system which is optimized for a double-deck tunnel. Consequently, the system considering low floor height and extended length as well as indoor hydrant for a wide range of use have been developed together with the performance verification and the process for commercialization before applying to the tunnel is underway now.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.1-8
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• 2019

Steel elevator pit was developed for the purpose of minimizing the excavation, simplifying the construction of the frame and economical efficiency by improving the problems that occurred in the existing reinforced concrete. It is common to apply conventional RC method through excavation to underground structures such as underground floor collector well and elevator pit. In recent years, the use of steel collector well and steel elevator pits to reduce construction costs by minimizing the materials of steel and concrete has been continuously increasing. The steel elevator pit is an underground structure and then the performance of the welding part and the structure system is important. Specimen with only steel plate and concrete without studs could support the load more than 3 times than the specimen with deck only. Therefore, even if there is no stud, the deck (steel plate) rib is formed and the effect of restraining the steel plate and the concrete during the bending action can be expected. However, since sudden fracture in the elevator pit may occur, stud bolt arrangement is necessary for the composite effect of steel plate and concrete. It is expected that the bending strength can be expected to increase by about 15% or more depending with and without stud bolts.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.789-798
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• 2020

This paper considers the development of the dynamic analysis model and simulation-based operation safety estimation of A-Frame to be applied to the test evaluation support vessel for real sea test. The support vessel will be manufactured by modifying the existing offshore support vessel. Also, development and installation of various sensors and supporting facilities for test evaluation are under preparation. Among these facilities, A-Frame is an equipment that transfers marine equipment from ship deck to the sea floor, and is being designed to transfer up to 50 ton class equipment. However, the A-Frame is a moving equipment using hydraulic cylinders. When the 50 ton equipment is attached and transferred to A-Frame, the buckling of cylinders may occur or A-Frame becomes inoperable due to the influence of huge inertia. For this reason, safety verification should be performed using dynamic analysis techniques that can take into account huge inertia forces in the design of A-Frame. Therefore, in this study, A-Frame and ship behavior were modeled using dynamic analysis method, and the applied loads of various equipment including hydraulic cylinder of A-Frame was measured and the operation safety review was performed.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.42-54
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to provide a reference for stage planning by analyzing current state of major theaters' stage space and understanding feedback from directors belonged to theaters. Each room in total 18 theaters' stage facilities was measured and their usage and requirements were analyzed on the spot. In addition, each director provided their experiential knowledge about appropriate stage composition for musical performance. The findings are as follow: under stage machinery is not needed for musical. Tour teams prefer to use their own show-deck for set conversion. On the other hand, over stage flying system needs to be able to deal with dense, fast, and accurate scene change. The size and location of the motor room needs to be carefully considered. The number of set battens is directly linked up with the size of the motor room, which should be located lower than the gridiron. As stage sets get bigger and complicated, the number of works at the gridiron is also increasing. The grating floor has to have enough strength coping with machines lifting heavy sets. Most sound control for musical performance is being done at F.O.H. these days rather that in the sound control room. It should equip enough work area and related infra especially for tour teams. 1st gallery needs to have enough effective width, power infra for lighting fixture, and strong guardrail. Lastly, the whole process of parking-unloading-transporting equipments and sets from loading dock to stage and vice versa needs to be efficient, and this has to be carefully considered from early stage of planning.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.53-61
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• 2015

The tension type joint is a mechanically very efficient connection method, as it directly uses the load capacity of base metal or high tension bolt, the reduction of the number of drilling hole and fastening and the fatigue resistance. It is applied to the joint of girder and cross beam, horizontal joints of towers, beam to column joints, the secondary member joints of deck floor ends, and brackets. In this paper, static load tests for the T-type tension joint were conducted to investigate the structural behavior of the joint. The parameters were bolt diameter, flange thickness, and the reduction of clamping force of the joint. The failure modes and load capacity of joints and the effects of flange thickness, bolt diameter and clamping force were investigated.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.67 no.1
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• pp.31-41
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• 1984

This study was examined for purposes of identifing woods of the hull construction collected from a sunken old-ship by the anatomical wood features, and then from the result the geographical distribution ranges of the species were described. Most woods of the hull construction, i.e. shell plating, bulkhead, floor, bulwark, deck and kneel were identified with Chinese red pine (Pinus massoniana), but the fenders were idendified with Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata). These two species are known to be the endemic species in the south region of Yangtze River. As the other materials, bulwark stays and liquid tank stays were respectively identified with Cinnamomum spp., Distylium spp., and the geographical distributions of these species are the south China, the south coast of Korea and the Japanese Islands.