• 생태와환경
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2013

Algal blooms in potable water supplies are becoming an increasingly prevalent and serious water quality problem around the world. In addition to precipitating taste and odor problems, blooms damage the environment, and some classes like cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) release toxins that can threaten human health, even causing death. There is a recognized need in the water industry for models that can accurately forecast in real-time algal bloom events for planning and mitigation purposes. In this study, using data for an interconnected system of rivers and reservoirs operated by a New Jersey water utility, various ANN models, including both discrete prediction and classification models, were developed and tested for forecasting counts of three different algal classes for one-week and two-weeks ahead periods. Predictor model inputs included physical, meteorological, chemical, and biological variables, and two different temporal schemes for processing inputs relative to the prediction event were used. Despite relatively limited historical data, the discrete prediction ANN models generally performed well during validation, achieving relatively high correlation coefficients, and often predicting the formation and dissipation of high algae count periods. The ANN classification models also performed well, with average classification percentages averaging 94 percent accuracy. Despite relatively limited data events, this study demonstrates that with adequate data collection, both in terms of the number of historical events and availability of important predictor variables, ANNs can provide accurate real-time forecasts of algal population counts, as well as foster increased understanding of important cause and effect relationships, which can be used to both improve monitoring programs and forecasting efforts.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제30권7호
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• pp.573-584
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• 2021

To analyze the effects of PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 on daily mortality cases, the relations of death counts from natural causes, respiratory diseases, and cardiovascular diseases with PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 concentrations were applied to the generalized additive model (GAM) in this study. From the coefficients of the GAM model, the excessive mortality risks due to an increase of 10 ㎍/m³ in daily mean PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 for each cause were calculated. The excessive risks of deaths from natural causes, respiratory diseases, and cardiovascular diseases were 0.64%, 1.69%, and 1.16%, respectively, owing to PM₁₀ increase and 0.42%, 2.80%, and 0.91%, respectively, owing to PM_2.5 increase. Our result showed that particulate matter posed a greater risk of death from respiratory diseases and is consistent with the cases in Europe and China. The regional distribution of excessive risk of death is 0.24%-0.81%, 0.34%-2.6%, and 0.62%-1.94% from natural causes, respiratory diseases, and cardiovascular diseases, respectively, owing to PM₁₀ increase, and 0.14%-1.02%, 1.07%-3.92%, and 0.22%-1.73% from natural causes, respiratory diseases, and cardiovascular diseases, respectively, owing to PM_2.5 increase. Our results represented a different aspect from the regional concentration distributions. Thus, we saw that the concentration distributions of air pollutants differ from the affected areas and identified the need for a policy to reduce damage rather than reduce concentrations.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.129-134
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• 2005

Styrene is a commercially important chemical used mainly in the production of plastics. A toxic effect exerted by styrene exposure may cause infertility, congenital anomalies or death in offspring. Treatment with styrene for 0, 50, 100, and 500 mg/kg for 5 days in Sprague-Dawley rats significantly decreased sperm motilities and sperm counts while sperm abnormalities were significantly increased. To determine the relationship between changes in sperm motilities and roles of reactive oxygen species (ROS), we determined the effect of styrene on ROS production and mRNA expression of antioxidant enzymes in rats. ROS production was enhanced by styrene treatment in a dose-dependent manner. The mRNA expression of catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) 2 was strongly suppressed by styrene treatment although SOD1 or glutathione peroxidase (GPX) 4 expressions were not significantly changed. Taken together, these results indicate that styrene may cause toxic effect in rat sperm cells by enhancing oxidative stresses.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.312-317
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• 2012

고강도운동의 지속시간이 백혈구 조성과 T-림프구 활성 보조인자로서의 $CD4^+$와 $CD8^+$수준의 변화 그리고 림프수의 세포사에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위해 쥐실험을 하였다. 고강도 운동을 매일 20, 60, 그리고 120분 동안 8주간 실시하였다. 혈액내의 총 백혈구 수는 20분간 운동을 했을 때 상승하였고 이것은 다시 120분 까지 대조군의 수준 이하로 감소하였다. 림프구의 수준변화 패턴 역시 운동시간의 영향을 받았으며 그 변화 정도는 총 백혈구의 그것과 유사하였다. 고강도운동을 실시한 쥐의 혈액 내 $CD4^+$와 $CD8^+$의 수준은 운동시간이 120분간 지속될 때까지 변화가 없었기 때문에 T-림프구의 활성에는 영향을 주지 않는 것으로 보인다. 거의 모든 초기단계 및 후기 단계의 림프구의 세포자멸사는 운동시간에 영향을 받지 않았으나 120분간 운동한 그룹에서 후기단계의 림프구 자멸사 수준이 증가되는 것으로 보아 이때 세포노화의 촉진이 일어났으리라 사료된다. 운동시간이 길어질수록 림프구의 괴사 수준이 증가되는 것을 확인 하였고 이에 따라 고강도운동에 의한 림프구 손상과 면역력 저하의 가능성이 예상된다. 본 연구에서 장시간 동안의 고강도 운동은 림프구의 염증관련 기능과 세포 수에 있어서의 손상 등을 일으켜 면역력의 저하를 초래할 수 있다고 보며 따라서 적어도 본 연구조건에 한해서 20분 이상의 고강도운동은 건강유지 차원에서 바람직하지 않다고 판단된다.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.16.1-16.10
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• 2020

Cancer is a major cause of death in dogs worldwide, and the incidence of cancer in dogs is increasing. The attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic (ATR-FTIR) technique is a powerful tool for the diagnosis of several diseases. This method enables samples to be examined directly without pre-preparation. In this study, we evaluated the diagnostic value of ATR-FTIR for the detection of cancer in dogs. Cancer-bearing dogs (n = 30) diagnosed by pathologists and clinically healthy dogs (n = 40) were enrolled in this study. Peripheral blood was collected for clinicopathological diagnosis. ATR-FTIR spectra were acquired, and principal component analysis was performed on the full wave number spectra (4,000-650 cm^-1). The leave-one-out cross validation technique and partial least squares regression analysis were used to predict normal and cancer spectra. Red blood cell counts, hemoglobin levels and white blood cell counts were significantly lower in cancer-bearing dogs than in clinically healthy dogs (p < 0.01, p < 0.01 and p = 0.03, respectively). ATR-FTIR spectra showed significant differences between the clinically healthy and cancer-bearing groups. This finding demonstrates that ATR-FTIR can be applied as a screening technique to distinguish between cancer-bearing dogs and healthy dogs.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.259-264
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• 2001

목적 : 방사선에 의한 급성 손상으로 소장 음와에서 발생되는 세포고사와 유사분열사의 발생 정도를 시간 경과에 따라서 조사하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 웅성 $200\~250\;g$ Sprague Dawley 쥐를 대상으로 6 MV선형가속기로 2 Gy 전신 방사선조사를 한 후, 2, 4, 8, 24, 48시간에 희생하였다. 소장 음와당 평균 세포고사 수와 유사분열 중인 세포 수의 평균을 정상 대조군과 방사선조사 후 시간대별로 측정하였다. 세포고사가 가장 현저하였던 시간대를 대상으로 In Situ End Labeling (ISEL) 법으로 염색하여 헤마톡실린 에오진 염색법과 비교하였다. 결과 : 음와당 세포고사의 평균 빈도는 정상 대조군에서 0.14였고 방사선조사 후 2, 4, 8, 24, 48시간에 각각 1.43, 3.19, 1.15, 0.26, 0.17로, 방사선조사 후 4시간 경에 가장 많이 증가되었다가 점차 감소되어 24시간에 정상으로 회복되었다. 정상 대조군에서 1.29였던 음와당 유사분열 세포 수의 평균은 방사선조사 후 2, 4, 8, 24, 48시간에 각각 0.56, 0.47, 0.23, 0.65, 1.19로 측정되어서, 방사선조사 후 8시간까지 감소되었다가 48시간 경에 정상으로 회복되었다. 세포고사의 발생이 유사분열 세포 수의 감소보다 변화의 정도도 크고, 조기에 발생되었다. ISEL법에 의한 세포고사의 검출은 발색 시간의 조건에 따라서 위양성이 발생되었다. 결론 : 방사선에 의한 소장의 급성 손상으로 유발되는 세포 사망은 방사선조사 후 대개 $24\~48$시간 내에 정상치로 회복되었고, 유사분열사보다는 세포고사가 더 중요한 역할을 하는 것으로 생각된다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.93-97
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• 2007

We previously reported the anti-proliferative effect of Chungjogupae-tang (CJGPT) in human lung carcinoma A549 cells, which was associated with the induction of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21 in a tumor suppressor p53-independent manner. CJGPT treatment also resulted in the inhibition of prostaglandin E2 release A549 cells by the down-regulation of cyclooxygenase-2. In the present study, we investigated the pathway of the induction of apoptotic cell death by CJGPT in A549 cells. It was found that CJGPT could inhibit the cell viability and induce the apoptotic cell death of A549 cells in a dose-dependent manner as measured by hemocytometer counts, flow cytometry analysis and agarose gel electrophoresis. Apoptosis of A549 cells by CJGPT was associated with a down-regulation of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 and inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) expression. Additionally, DNA fragmentation by CJGPT was connected with the activation of inhibitor of caspase-activated DNase/DNA fragmentation factor 45 (ICAD/DFF45) protein expression.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.759-766
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• 2004

In the present study, we investigated the effects of aqueous extract of the healthful decoction utilizing Phellinus linteus (HDPL) on the cell growth of human lung carcinoma tumor cell line A549. Exposure of A549 cells to HDPL resulted in growth inhibition and induction of apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner as measured by hemocytometer counts, fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometric analysis. This increase in apoptosis was associated with inhibition and/or degradation of apoptotic target proteins such as poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), b-catenin and phospholipase C- 1 (PLC- 1) protein. HDPL treatment induced the down-regulation of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 expression, an anti-apoptotic gene, however, the level of Bax. a pro-apoptotic gene, was increased by HDPL treatment. In addition, HDPL-induced apoptotis of A549 cells was connected with activation of caspase-3 and caspase-9 protease in a dose-dependent manner, however, the levels of inhibitor of apoptosis proteins family were remained unchanged. Taken together, these results indicated that the anti-proliferative effects of HDPL were associated with the induction of apoptotic cell death through regulation of several major growth regulatory gene products such as Bcl-2 family expression and caspase protease activity, and HDPL may have therapeutic potential in human lung cancer.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.1-15
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• 1991

Bigihwan which has been widely used in Oh-jug in oriental Medicine was investigated on its antitumor effect employing blood cancer cell lines. K 562 derived from human erytholeukemia, Raji from lymphoma and $MO_4$ from hlastogenic cancer were used in this study to see the analytical evaluation of Bigihwan' s antitumor effect using three different kinds of methods such as $^{3}H-thymidine$ up take assay. MTT assay and live cell counts by Trypan blue assay. The result obtained are as follows. 1. When higher than 10% Bigihwan was treated. inhibitory effect of tumor killing action was observed showing the increasing order of $MO_4$, K 562 and Raji(Fig. 3). 2. When 1 to 5% of Bigi-hwan was treated, 4 to 30% of tumor cell survival was observed according to various blood tumor cell lines suggesting that antitumor effect of Bigi-hwan was different as the characteristics of tumor cells showing 70 to 95% cell killing effent(Fig. 4). 3. Compared the survivals of cells by relative scales though the initial cpm was variable because of different cell growth rate. Raji was most effective being killed 95% by the treatment of 1% Bigihwan while Raji and K562 showed 93% by 5% Bigihwan.(Fig. 5) 4. The survival rate of Raji derived from Burkitt lymphoma was rather increased to 2.3 times when Bigihwan concentration was increased from 1 to 10% lmplying of refraining from over use of this anticancer drug. specially to lymphoma patients(Fig. 5). 5. Bigihwan was most effective to K 562 and then $MO_4$ showing 95% tumor cell death by using 1% of this anticancer drug while it was least effective to Raji showing only 68% of tumor cell death(Fig.7). 6. Judging from the all the analytical methods used in this study, through all different three tumor cell lines. Bigihwan was most effective to K 562 derived from human erythroleukemia.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제26권
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• pp.9.1-9.9
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• 2011

Objectives: In order to evaluate which temperature index is the best predictor for the health impact assessment of heat stress in Korea, several indexes were compared. Methods: We adopted temperature, perceived temperature (PT), and apparent temperature (AT), as a heat stress index, and changes in the risk of death for Seoul and Daegu were estimated with $^1{\circ}C$ increases in those temperature indexes using generalized additive model (GAM) adjusted for the non-temperature related factors: time trends, seasonality, and air pollution. The estimated excess mortality and Akaike's Information Criterion (AIC) due to the increased temperature indexes for the $75^{th}$ percentile in the summers from 2001 to 2008 were compared and analyzed to define the best predictor. Results: For Seoul, all-cause mortality presented the highest percent increase (2.99% [95% CI, 2.43 to 3.54%]) in maximum temperature while AIC showed the lowest value when the all-cause daily death counts were fitted with the maximum PT for the $75^{th}$ percentile of summer. For Daegu, all-cause mortality presented the greatest percent increase (3.52% [95% CI, 2.23 to 4.80%]) in minimum temperature and AIC showed the lowest value in maximum temperature. No lag effect was found in the association between temperature and mortality for Seoul, whereas for Daegu one-day lag effect was noted. Conclusions: There was no one temperature measure that was superior to the others in summer. To adopt an appropriate temperature index, regional meteorological characteristics and the disease status of population should be considered.