• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제23권11호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2018

In this paper, we propose soft dead pixels detection method by analysing different response at hot and cold images. Abnormal pixels are able to effect detecting a small target. It also makes confusing real target or not cause of changing target size. Almost exist abnormal pixels after image signal processing even if dead pixels are removed by dead pixel compensation are called soft dead pixels. They are showed defect in final image. So removing or compensating dead pixels are very important for detecting object. The key idea of this proposed method, detecting dead pixels, is that most of soft deads have different response characteristics between hot image and cold image. General infrared cameras do NUC to remove FPN. Working 2-reference NUC must be needed getting data, hot & cold images. The way which is proposed dead pixel detection is that we compare response, NUC gain, at each pixel about two different temperature images and find out dead pixels if the pixels exceed threshold about average gain of around pixels.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제21권12호
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• pp.35-41
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• 2016

In this paper, we propose a new real-time dead pixel detection method based on spatial compare filtering, which are usually used in the small target detection. Actually, the soft dead and the small target are cast in the same mold. Our proposed method detect and remove the dead pixels as applying the spatial compare filtering, into the pixel outputs of a detector after the non-uniformity correction. Therefore, we proposed method can effectively detect and replace the dead pixels regardless of the non-uniformity correction performance. In infrared camera, there are usually many dead detector pixels which produce abnormal output caused by manufactural process or operational environment. There are two kind of dead pixel. one is hard dead pixel which electronically generate abnormal outputs and other is soft dead pixel which changed and generated abnormal outputs by the planning process. Infrared camera have to perform non-uniformity correction because of structural and material properties of infrared detector. The hard dead pixels whose offset values obtained by non-uniformity correction are much larger or smaller than the average can be detected easily as dead pixels. However, some dead pixels(soft dead pixel) can remain, because of the difficulty of uncleared decision whether normal pixel or abnormal pixel.

• 재활복지공학회논문지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.41-46
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• 2011

감각신경성 난청의 원인 중 하나는 내이에 존재하는 와우(cochlea)의 기능적 이상 때문이다. 와우에서 내유모세포(inner hair cell, IHC)나 신경의 기능적 이상이 있는 곳을 'dead region'이라고 한다. 보청기에서 dead region에 속하는 주파수 영역의 증폭은 효과가 미약한 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 논문에서는 dead region의 위치에 따른 음성신호의 인지 능력 비교와 dead region이 존재할 때 보청기의 효과적인 이득값을 알아보기 위해 WRS 검사와 선호도 조사를 실시하였다. WRS(Word Recognition Score)검사와 선호도 조사를 위해 정상 청력 능력을 지닌 성인 남녀 8명을 대상으로, white noise와 babble noise를 이용하여 신호 대 잡음비(SNR) 0dB의 조건으로 검사음과 혼합하였으며, dead region의 영역을 세 가지로 분류하였다. 주파수 영역에 따라 low-frequency, mid-frequency, high-frequency dead region으로 나누고, 각 dead region에 따라 14.5 dB, 11.5 dB, 6 dB의 증폭 이득을 다르게 하여 결과를 비교하였다. dead region의 위치에 따른 검사 결과는 각 영역별로 차이가 있었다. WRS 검사결과 low-frequency dead region일 때 보다, mid-frequency dead region나 high-frequency dead region일 때의 WRS점수와 선호도 평가가 높게 나왔으며, 증폭 이득값의 차이를 비교해 보았을 때, 14.5 dB의 이득에 비해 낮은 이득을 주었을 때 WRS 검사 결과값이 더 높게 나왔으며, 높은 이득일수록 선호도 조사에서 낮은 점수를 받았다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제53권12호
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• pp.4093-4097
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• 2021

This study presents a new dead-time measurement method using the gamma attenuation law and generalized dead-time models for nuclear gamma-ray detectors. The dead-time of the NaI(Tl) detection system was obtained to validate the new dead-time determination method using very thin lead and polyethylene absorbers. Non-paralyzing dead-time was found to be 8.39 ㎲, and paralyzing dead-time was found to be 8.35 ㎲ using lead absorber for NaI(Tl) scintillator detection system. These dead-time values are consistent with the previously reported dead-time values for scintillator detection systems. The gamma build-up factor's contribution to the dead-time was neglected because a very thin material was used.

• 공연문화연구
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• 제22호
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• pp.93-121
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• 2011

이 글은 서울지역에서 행해지는 진오기굿의 구성 원리를 도출하고 이를 바탕으로 의미를 규명한 글이다. 진오기굿은 신과 인간이 복합적으로 연결되어 있으면서, 이승과 저승이 혼재되어 있는 세계이고, 인간의 세계에 있던 망자가 신의 세계로 들어가는 과정을 보여주는 의례이다. 진오기굿은 망자를 저승으로 인도하는 과정을 차례로 보여준다. 먼저 신 중심의 거리가 연행되는데, 신이 어떤 과정을 통해 망자를 저승으로 인도할지를 보여준다. 다음으로는 신과 인간이 중심이 되는 거리로 사자를 따라 저승으로 가는 망자의 모습을 보다 구체적으로 보여준다. 마지막으로 인간 중심의 구조로 인간이 어떻게 저승으로 들어가는지를 보여준다. 이러한 반복을 통해 망자가 마침내 저승에 좌정했음을 드러낸다. 신 중심의 굿거리가 신과 인간의 만남을 거쳐 인간 중심으로 연행되는 것이 진오기굿 후반부 저승굿의 짜임이다. <도령돌기> 이후에 연행되는 <베가르기>, <뒷영실>은 망자가 온전하게 저승에 들어갔음을 확인하는 의례이다. 베를 갈라 망자가 저승으로 들어가는 것이 완벽하게 이루어졌음을 보여주고, <뒷영실>에서 망자는 다시 한 번 굿청에 들어와 굿을 해 준 것에 대한 감사함과 함께 죽음의 세계에 안착했음을 알려준다. 저승에 좌정한 조상신에게 비로소 제사를 올리는 <상식거리>는 진오기굿을 통해 인간이었던 망자가 조상신으로 변화했음을 알려준다. 진오기굿은 갑작스러운 죽음을 겪은 재가집을 위로해주는 기능도 수행한다. 재가집의 위로를 위해 가장 필요한 것은 망자가 무사히 저승으로 갔음을 보여주는 것이다. 진오기굿은 그러한 과정을 삼중구조를 통해 보여준다. 신들의 세계에서 망자가 어떻게 천도될 것인가를 보여주고, 저승에서 이승으로 나온 사재를 따라 망자가 무사히 저승으로 들어감을 보여준다. 다시 바리공주 뒤를 따라 저승으로 들어가는 망자의 모습을 보여주어 남은 가족의 마음을 달래준다.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제5권5호
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• pp.589-605
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• 2013

The effect of dead loads on dynamic responses of a uniform elastic beam subjected to moving loads is examined by means of a governing equation which takes into account initial bending stresses due to dead loads. First, the governing equation of beams which includes the effect of dead loads is briefly presented from the author's paper (1990, 1991, 2010). The effect of dead loads is considered by a strain energy produced by conservative initial stresses caused by the dead loads. Second, the effect of dead loads on dynamical responses produced by moving loads in simply supported beams is confirmed by the results of numerical computations using the Galerkin method and Wilson-${\theta}$ method. It is shown that the dynamical responses by moving loads are decreased remarkably on a heavyweight beam when the effect of dead loads is included. Third, an approximate solution of dynamic deflections including the effect of dead loads for a uniform beam subjected to moving loads is presented in a closed-form for the case without the additional mass due to moving loads. The proposed solution shows a good agreement with results of numerical computations with the Galerkin method and Wilson-${\theta}$ method. Finally it is clarified that the effect of dead loads on elastic uniform beams subjected to moving loads acts on the restraint of the transverse vibration for the both cases without and with the additional mass due to moving loads.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제1권4호
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• pp.411-425
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• 2010

The effect of dead loads on dynamic responses of uniform elastic beams is examined by means of a governing equation which takes into account initial bending stress due to dead loads. First, the governing equation of beams which includes the effect of dead loads is briefly presented from the author's paper (Takabatake 1990). In the formulation the effect of dead loads is considered by strain energy produced by conservative initial stresses produced by the dead loads. Second, the effect of dead loads on dynamical responses produced by live loads in simply supported beams and clamped beams is confirmed by the results of numerical computations with the Galerkin method and Wilson-${\theta}$ method. It is shown that the dynamical responses, like dynamic deflections and bending moments produced by dynamic live loads, are decreased in a heavyweight beam when the effect of dead loads is included. Third, an approximate solution for dynamic deflections including the effect of dead loads is presented in closed-form. The proposed solution shows good in agreement with results of numerical computations with the Galerkin method and Wilson-${\theta}$ method. Finally, a method reflecting the effect of dead loads for dynamic responses of beams on the magnitude of live loads is presented by an example.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.197-201
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• 2012

LIVE/DEAD$^{(R)}$ BacLight$^{TM}$ and alamarBlue$^{(R)}$ are fluorescent materials used for the enumeration of live and dead bacteria. LIVE/DEAD$^{(R)}$ BacLight$^{TM}$ is generally used for confocal microscopy applications to differentiate live from dead bacteria in a biofilm or planktonic state. AlamarBlue$^{(R)}$ has also been used widely to assay live and dead bacteria in a planktonic state. Whilst these materials are successfully utilized in experiments to discriminate live from dead bacteria for several species of bacteria, the application of these techniques to oral bacteria is limited to the use of LIVE/DEAD$^{(R)}$ BacLight$^{TM}$ in biofilm studies. In our present study, we assessed whether these two methods could enumerate live and dead oral bacterial species in a planktonic state. We tested the reagents on Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sobrinus, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Enterococcus faecalis and found that only LIVE/DEAD$^{(R)}$ BacLight$^{TM}$ could differentiate live from dead cells for all five of these oral strains. AlamarBlue$^{(R)}$ was not effective in this regard for P. gingivalis or A. actinomycetemcomitans. In addition, the differentiation of live and dead bacterial cells by alamarBlue$^{(R)}$ could not be performed for concentrations lower than $2{\times}10^6$ cells/ml. Our data thus indicate that LIVE/DEAD$^{(R)}$ BacLight$^{TM}$ is a more effective reagent for this analysis.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제42권6호
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• pp.761-781
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• 2012

The collapse of structures due to snow loads on roofs occurs frequently for steel structures and rarely for reinforced concrete structures. Since the most significant difference between these structures is related to their ability to handle dead loads, dead loads are believed to play an important part in the collapse of structures by snow loads. As such, the effect of dead loads on displacements and stress couples produced by live loads is presented for plates with different edge conditions. The governing equation of plates that takes into account the effect of dead loads is formulated by means of Hamilton's principle. The existence and effect of dead loads are proven by numerical calculations based on the Galerkin method. In addition, a closed-form solution for simply supported plates is proposed by solving, in approximate terms, the governing equation that includes the effect of dead loads, and this solution is then examined. The effect of dead loads on static live loads can be explained explicitly by means of this closed-form solution. A method that reflects the effects of dead loads on live loads is presented as an example. The present study investigates an additional factor in lightweight roof structural elements, which should be considered due to their recent development.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2010년도 추계학술대회 초록집
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• pp.83.1-83.1
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• 2010

A Dead-end mode operation is one of the best way to maximize the gas usage rate. But, some components of fuel cell stack like gas diffusion layer(GDL) or membrane can be damaged in dead-end mode operation. In this study, a Large Scale Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell(PEMFC) for a dead-end operation has been developed. The stack is composed with 4 cells which has over 400cm2 of active area. Hydrogen is used as a fuel, and oxygen is used as a oxidant. The dead-end operation performance was evaluated by a long-term dead-end mode operation. The fuel cell stack is operated over 1,500 hours in dead-end mode operating fuel cell test station. And the performance change of the fuel cell stack was investigated.