Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.net.2021.06.038

A new dead-time determination method for gamma-ray detectors using attenuation law  

Akyurek, T. (Department of Physics, Faculty of Art and Science, Marmara University)
Publication Information
Nuclear Engineering and Technology / v.53, no.12, 2021 , pp. 4093-4097 More about this Journal
Abstract
This study presents a new dead-time measurement method using the gamma attenuation law and generalized dead-time models for nuclear gamma-ray detectors. The dead-time of the NaI(Tl) detection system was obtained to validate the new dead-time determination method using very thin lead and polyethylene absorbers. Non-paralyzing dead-time was found to be 8.39 ㎲, and paralyzing dead-time was found to be 8.35 ㎲ using lead absorber for NaI(Tl) scintillator detection system. These dead-time values are consistent with the previously reported dead-time values for scintillator detection systems. The gamma build-up factor's contribution to the dead-time was neglected because a very thin material was used.
Keywords
dead-time; non-paralyzing model; paralyzing model; DMRAL method;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 G.F. Knoll, Radiation Detection and Measurement, fourth ed., John Wiley & Sons, New Jersey, 2000.
2 T. Akyurek, et al., GM counter dead-time dependence on applied voltage operating, temperature and fatigue, Prog. Nucl. Energy 73 (2015) 26-35.
3 B. Almutairi, et al., Simultaneous experimental evaluation of pulse shape and deadtime phenomenon of GM detector, Sci. Rep. 11 (2021) 3320.   DOI
4 L. Costrell, Accurate determination of the dead-time and recovery characteristics of Geiger-Muller counters, J. Res. Natl. Bur. Stand. 42 (3) (1949) 241-249.   DOI
5 T. Akyurek, et al., Portable spectroscopic fast neutron probe and 3He detector dead-time measurements, Prog. Nucl. Energy 92 (2016) 15-21.   DOI
6 B. Buyuk, A.B. Tugrul, Comparison of lead and WC-Co materials against gamma irradiation, Acta Phys. Pol., A 125 (2014) 423-425.   DOI
7 A. Patil, S. Usman, Measurement and application of paralysis factor for improved detector dead-time characterization, Nucl. Technol. 165 (2009) 249-256.   DOI
8 W. Feller, On probability problems in the theory of counters. R. Courant Anniversary Volume, Studies and Essays, Interscience, New York, 1948, pp. 105-115.
9 R.D. Evans, The Atomic Nucleus, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1955.
10 S.H. Lee, R.P. Gardner, A new GM counter dead time model, Appl. Radiat. Isot. 53 (2000) 731-737.   DOI
11 P.B. Moon, Recent developments in Geiger-Muller counters, J. Sci. Instrum. 14 (1937) 189-190.   DOI
12 J.K. Shultis, R.E. Faw, Radiation Shielding, American Nuclear Society, La Grange Park, 2000.
13 R. Mirji, B. Lobo, Computation of the mass attenuation coefficient of polymeric materials at specific gamma photon energies, Radiat. Phys. Chem. 135 (2017) 32-44.   DOI
14 D. Grozdanov, et al., Determination of the Dead-Time Losses in NaI(Tl) Gamma-Ray Spectrometer, 21st International Seminar on Interaction of Neutrons with Nuclei, ISINN-21, Alushta, 2013. May.
15 B. Almutairi, et al., Experimental evaluation of the deadtime phenomenon for GM detector: deadtime dependence on operating voltages, Sci. Rep. 10 (2020) 19955.   DOI
16 J.W. Muller, Dead-time problems, Nucl. Instrum. Methods 112 (1973) 47-57.   DOI
17 Y. Beers, Precision method of measuring Geiger counter resolving times, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 13 (1942) 72-76.   DOI
18 S. Usman, A. Patil, Radiation detector dead-time and pile up: a review of the status of science, Nuclear Engineering and Technology 50 (2018) 1006-1016.   DOI
19 B. Almutairi, T. Akyurek, S. Usman, Voltage dependent pulse shape analysis of Geiger-Muller counter, Nucl. Eng. Tec. 51 (2019) 1081-1090.   DOI
20 M. Yousaf, T. Akyurek, S. Usman, A comparison of traditional and hybrid radiation detector dead-time models and detector behavior, Prog. Nucl. Energy 83 (2015) 177-185.   DOI
21 R. Adams, G.J. Hine, C.D. Zimmerman, Deadtime measurements in scintillation cameras under scatter conditions simulating quantitative nuclear cardiography, J. Nucl. Med. 19 (1978) 538-544.
22 J.A. Sorensen, M.E. Phelps, Physics in Nuclear Medicine, second ed., Grune & Stratton, New York, 1987. Chapters 12 and 13.