• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.87-104
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• 2014

Although gastric cancer is quite common in Korea, the treatment outcome is relatively favorable compared to those in western countries. However, there are currently no Korean multidisciplinary guidelines for gastric cancer. Experts from related societies developed guidelines de novo to meet Korean circumstances and requirements, including 23 recommendation statements for diagnosis (n=9) and treatment (n=14) based on relevant key questions. The quality of the evidence was rated according to the GRADE evidence evaluation framework: the evidence levels were based on a systematic review of the literature, and the recommendation grades were classified as either strong or weak. The applicability of the guidelines was considered to meet patients' view and preferences in the context of Korea. The topics of the guidelines cover diagnostic modalities (endoscopy, endoscopic ultrasound, and radiologic diagnosis), treatment modalities (surgery, therapeutic endoscopy, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy), and pathologic evaluation. An external review of the guidelines was conducted during the finalization phase.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제21권7호
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• pp.1015-1026
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• 2008

The influence of dietary beef tallow (BT) versus sunflower oil (SO) on meat quality and apparent digestibility and deposition of individual fatty acids in the whole carcass was investigated in pigs fed diets containing either BT or SO. The diets contained equal amounts of energy in the form of the variable fats and were fed on an iso-energetic, restricted basis. Crude fat in the SO diet was better digested (p<0.001) than in the BT diet. The dietary fat type had no effect on growth performance, physical properties of the carcass and meat quality. The pigs fed the BT diet showed lower (p<0.001) apparent digestibilities for palmitic and linoleic acid, but those of oleic and ${\alpha}$-linolenic acid were not affected. The ratio of deposition in the carcass to intake of digestible fatty acids for the whole feeding period was decreased (p<0.01) for oleic and linoleic acid in pigs fed the SO diet. The pigs fed the SO diet instead of the BT diet had a lower (p<0.05) deposition:intake ratio for mono-unsaturated fatty acids. The calculated minimum de novo synthesis of saturated fatty acids was increased for the SO diet, but that of mono-unsaturated fatty acids was not different. In conclusion, the iso-energetic replacement of BT by SO had a marked impact on the fatty acid composition of tissues, but did not affect carcass and meat quality traits in spite of the marked difference in the deposition of linoleic acid in adipose tissues, loin muscle and the whole body. In addition, it became clear that the type of dietary fat had marked, specific effects on the synthesis and oxidation of fatty acids.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.738-747
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• 2018

Objective: In a previous study, analysis of Illumina sequenced metagenomic DNA data of bacteria in Vietnamese goats' rumen showed a high diversity of putative lignocellulolytic genes. In this study, taxonomy speculation of microbial community and lignocellulolytic bacteria population in the rumen was conducted to elucidate a role of bacterial structure for effective degradation of plant materials. Methods: The metagenomic data had been subjected into Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLASTX) algorithm and the National Center for Biotechnology Information non-redundant sequence database. Here the BLASTX hits were further processed by the Metagenome Analyzer program to statistically analyze the abundance of taxa. Results: Microbial community in the rumen is defined by dominance of Bacteroidetes compared to Firmicutes. The ratio of Firmicutes versus Bacteroidetes was 0.36:1. An abundance of Synergistetes was uniquely identified in the goat microbiome may be formed by host genotype. With regard to bacterial lignocellulose degraders, the ratio of lignocellulolytic genes affiliated with Firmicutes compared to the genes linked to Bacteroidetes was 0.11:1, in which the genes encoding putative hemicellulases, carbohydrate esterases, polysaccharide lyases originated from Bacteroidetes were 14 to 20 times higher than from Firmicutes. Firmicutes seem to possess more cellulose hydrolysis capacity showing a Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio of 0.35:1. Analysis of lignocellulolytic potential degraders shows that four species belonged to Bacteroidetes phylum, while two species belonged to Firmicutes phylum harbouring at least 12 different catalytic domains for all lignocellulose pretreatment, cellulose, as well as hemicellulose saccharification. Conclusion: Based on these findings, we speculate that increasing the members of Bacteroidetes to keep a low ratio of Firmicutes versus Bacteroidetes in goat rumen has resulted most likely in an increased lignocellulose digestion.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.1012-1022
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• 2020

Objective: Caseins and fatty acids of milk are synthesized and secreted by the epithelial cells of the mammary gland. All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), an active metabolite of vitamin A, has been shown to promote mammary development. This study was conducted to determine the effect of ATRA on casein synthesis and fatty acid composition in MAC-T cells. Methods: MAC-T cells were allowed to differentiate for 4 d, treated with ATRA (0, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 μM), and incubated for 3 d. We analyzed the fatty acid composition, the mRNA expression of casein and fatty acid synthesis-related genes, and the phosphorylation of casein synthesis-related proteins of MAC-T cells by gas chromatography, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and western blotting, respectively. Results: In MAC-T cells, ATRA increased the mRNA levels of α_S1-casein and β-casein, janus kinase 2 (JAK2) and E74-like factor 5 of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 β (STAT5-β) pathway, ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-1 (S6K1) and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E binding protein 1 of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, inhibited the mRNA expression of phosphoinositide 3-kinase and eukaryotic initiation factor 4E of the mTOR pathway, and promoted the phosphorylation of STAT5-β and S6K1 proteins. Additionally, ATRA increased the de novo synthesis of fatty acids, reduced the content of long-chain fatty acids, the ratio of monounsaturated fatty acids to saturated fatty acids (SFA), the ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) to SFA, and the ratio of ω-6 to ω-3 PUFA. The mRNA levels of acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1, fatty acid synthase, lipoprotein lipase, stearoyl-CoA desaturase, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, and sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP1) were enhanced by ATRA. Conclusion: ATRA promotes the synthesis of casein by regulating JAK2/STAT5 pathway and downstream mTOR signaling pathway, and it improves the fatty acid composition of MAC-T cells by regulating SREBP1-related genes.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.291-297
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• 2020

본 연구는 차세대 염기서열 분석법(NGS)을 이용하여 방어의 microsatellite 마커를 개발하고, 개발된 마커를 이용하여 방어 집단의 유전적 특성을 분석하기 위해 수행되었다. 차세대 염기서열 분석 장비인 Illumina Hiseq2500를 이용하여 총 28,873,374개의 read들을 얻어 assembly를 수행한 결과, 전체의 약 1.6%에 해당하는 466,359개의 read들이 assembly 되었으며, 이 read들의 총 길이는 7,247,216,874 bp로 확인되었다. 크기가 518 bp 이상이 되는 contig는 30.729개로 나타났으며, 이 중 microsatellite 영역을 포함하는 contig 132개(0.43%)를 1차로 선별하고, PCR 증폭 여부 및 유전자형 분석을 통해 microsatellite 후보 60개를 2차로 선별하였다. 그 중 방어집단의 마커로서 유용한 15개의 microsatellite 마커를 선택하였다. 방어집단을 대상으로 개발된 15개의 microsatellite 마커로 분석한 결과, 관찰된 유효 대립유전자수(N_A)는 평균 18.5(11~30)로 나타났다. 평균 관측치 이형접합도(H_O)와 평균기대치 이형접합도(H_E)는 각각 0.812(0.431~0.972)와 0.896(0.782~0.949)으로 나타났다. 다형성이 관찰된 모든 microsatellite 마커 간의 연관불평형은 나타나지 않았으며, 해산어의 평균 H_E 값인 0.79 이상의 수치를 나타내었다. 따라서 본 연구에서 개발된 15개의 microsatellite 마커는 방어 집단의 유전적 다양성 분석에 유용할 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.189-202
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• 2018

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of fermenting temperature on the applicability of Lactobacillus plantarum for production of fermented sausages as starter cultures, and its applicable efficiency was also compared with those inoculated with commercial starter culture or non-inoculated control. The L. plantarum isolated from a naturally-fermented meat, identified by 16S rDNA sequencing and again identified by de novo Assembly Analysis method was used as a starter culture. Six treatments: 3 with L. plantarum at different fermenting temperatures (20, 25 and $30^{\circ}C$), and other 3 treatments (1 with commercial starter culture, 1 with its mixture with L. plantarum and 1 non-inoculated control) fermented under the same conditions ($25^{\circ}C$) were prepared. Results revealed that the fermenting temperature considerably affected the pH change in samples added with L. plantarum; the highest pH drop rate (1.57 unit) was obtained on the samples fermented at $30^{\circ}C$, followed by those at $25^{\circ}C$ (1.3 unit) and $20^{\circ}C$ (0.99 unit) after 4 days fermentation. Increasing the temperature up to $30^{\circ}C$ resulted in significantly lower spoilage bacteria count (5.15 log CFU/g) and lipid oxidation level in the products inoculated with L. plantarum. The sensory analysis also showed that the samples added with L. plantarum at $30^{\circ}C$ had significantly higher odor, taste and acceptability scores than those fermented at lower temperatures. Under the same processing condition, although the L. plantarum showed slightly lower acidification than the commercial starter culture, however, it significantly improved the eating quality of the product.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.359-372
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• 2003

Among objectives of periodontal therapy. the principal one is the morphological and functional reconstruction of lost periodontal supporting tissues. This includes de novo formation of connective tissue attachment and the regrowth of alveolar bone. The use of enamel matrix derivative(EMD) may be a suitable means of regeneration new periodontal attachment in the infrabony defects. Implant used to replace lost tooth but, implantitis occurred after installation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of EMD on differentiation and growth of osteoblast in titanium disc. Twentyfive millimeter diameter and 1mm thick Ti disc which was coated 25, 50, 100, 200${\mu}g$/ml of EMD(Emdogain(R)) used as experimental group, 25, 50, 100, 200ng/d of rhBMP-2 as positive control group, and no coat as negative control group. A human osteosarcoma cell line Saos-2 was cultured in Ti disc and cell proliferation and Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity were measured at 1 and 6 days. PCR was performed at 2 and 8 hours. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR for mRNA expressions of various osteoblastic differentiation markers -type I collagen, ALP, osteopontin, and bone sialoprotein - were performed at appropriate concentrations based upon the results of MTT and ALP assay. Cultured cell-disc complexes were prepared for scanning electron microscopy (SEM) at 2 hour. Data were analyzed using Mann-Whitney and repeated- measures 1-way analysis of variance(SPSS software version 10,SPSS. Chicago. IL). After culture, there was more osteoblast in EMD100${\mu}g$/ml than in EMD50, 200${\mu}g$/ml on day 6. There was significant difference in experimental and positive control group compared control group, as times go by(1 and 6 days). Alkaline phosphatase activity was different significantly in EMD100, 200${\mu}g$/ml and BMP100, 200${\mu}g$/ml on day 6. The results of reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) showed that expression of mRNA for ALPase, collagen type I, osteopontin. hone sialoprotein and BMP-2 was detected at 2 hour and 8 hour in EMI 200${\mu}g$/ml subgroup and BMP100ng/ml subgroup. The results of this study suggest that application of enamel matrix derivative on osteoblast attached to titanium surface facilitate the expression of bone specific protein and the differentiation and growth of osteoblast.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제18권7호
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• pp.952-957
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• 2008

본 실험에서는 THP-1 세포의 PMA에 의하여 유도되는 초기 세포부착에 관한 메카니즘을 이해하기 위하여 다양한 요인(혈청, 신규 단백질의 합성, 세포 골격 저해제, 단백질 인신화 저해제)들의 효과를 조사하였다. 또한 본 실험에서는 이들 세포부착의 정도를 일반적으로 세포증식 분석에 사용되고 있는 SRB염색법을 도입하여 세포부착 분석에 간편한 방법의 조건을 확립하였다. PMA에 의한 초기 세포부착에는 배양액중의 혈청의 유무는 영향이 없었으나, 신규 단백질의 합성이 요구되는 것을 확인하였다. 또한 이들 초기 세포부착에 PMA처리에 의한 PKC의 활성화는 필수적이나, 그 하류 활성화 인자로 잘 알려진 MAP-kinase (erk1/2)의 인산화는 필요치 않음을 알 수 있었다. 흥미롭게도 액틴 중합 저해제인 cytochalasin D의 PMA와 공 처리는 오히려 세포부착을 PMA 단독 처리시 보다 증가시켰다. 또한 본 실험에서 사용된 SRB 염색법을 통한 세포부착 분석법은 최근 암 등 다양한 질환의 신약 표적 분자로 주목을 받고 있는 PKC 저해제의 초기 세포 기반 분석에 매우 유용하리라고 생각된다.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.235-243
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• 2008

본 연구에서는 배추 원형질체 배양에 있어 다양한 처리의 효과를 구명함으로써 배추 원형질체 배양을 통한 재분화 체계를 확립하고자 하였다. 배추 원형질체 분리 수율은 효소액, 사용된 조직 및 효소액 처리 시간에 따라 달리 나타났는데, 효소액 처리 약 7시간 이후부터는 분리되는 원형질체의 수가 크게 증가하지 않았다. 따라서 효소 자체에 의한 부정적 영향을 고려하였을 때 최장 7시간 동안 효소처리를 하는 것이 적정한 것으로 판단하였다. 떡잎유래 원형질체를 2,4-D 1.0 mg/L, NAA 0.5 mg/L 및 BA 1.0 mg/L 첨가 액체배지에서 배양하였을 때 초기 세포분열과 이어지는 micro-callus 생장이 가장 양호하였다. 다양한 배추 인자형에 대한 검토 결과 본 연구의 배양조건 하에서는 초기 세포분열과micro-callus 생장이 배추 인자형에 따라 뚜렷하게 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다. 노랑봄 품종의 떡잎에서 분리한 원형질체로부터 생장한 micro-callus 현탁액을 zeatin 0.2 mg/L외 spermidine 0.1 mM이 첨가된 반고체 MS 배지에 plating하였을 때 가장 왕성하게 callus colony가 형성 및 생장하였다. 이들 callus colony는 BA 5.0 mg 및 NAA 1.0 mg/L가 첨가된 배지에서 4.3%의 빈도로 재분화 신초가 유도되었다 얻어진 신초는 PGR 무첨가 MS배지에서 손쉽게 발근하였고 발근된 식군체는 기외에서 정상 식물체로 생장하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 배추 단독 원형질체 배양을 통한 고빈도 식물체 재분화 연구에 중요한 정보를 제공함으로써 유용하게 활용될 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.453-459
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• 2010

Introduction: Ameloblastic carcinoma is a rare malignant lesion, and may arise from either carcinoma ex-ameloblastoma or de novo carcinoma. Aberrant promoter hypermethylation of the tumor-associated genes leading to their inactivation is a common event in many cancer types. The p16/CDKN2/INK4A gene and p16 5 protein are involved directly in regulating the cell cycles. Cadherins are cell adhesion molecules that modulate the epithelial phenotype and regulate tumor invasion. The aim of this study was to evaluate the roles of p16 and E-cadherin methylation and loss of p16 and E-cadherin expression in the malignant transformation of an ameloblastoma. Materials and Methods: Eight cases of ameloblastoma, including 4 benign ameloblastomas without recurrence, 2 benign ameloblastomas with recurrence and 2 carcinoma ex-ameloblastomas, were examined. The promoter hypermethylation profile of the p16 and E-cadherin genes was studied using methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP) and immunohistochemical staining for p16 and E-cadherin expression. Results: 1) Aberrant CpG island methylation of the p16 gene was detected in 3 of the 4 benign ameloblastomas without recurrence and 1 of the 2 benign ameloblastomas with recurrence. 2) Aberrant CpG island methylation of the E-cadherin gene was found in 1 of the 4 benign ameloblastomas without recurrence. 3) A loss of p16 expression was noted in 1 of 4 benign ameloblastomas without recurrence and 1 of 2 carcinoma ex-ameloblastomas. 4) A loss of E-cadherin expression was noted in 2 of the 4 benign ameloblastomas without recurrence, 1 of the 2 benign ameloblastomas with recurrence and 2 of the 2 carcinoma ex-ameloblastomas. 5) A loss of p16 expression was observed in 1 of the 4 cases showing aberrant methylation of the p16 gene. 6) A loss of E-cadherin expression was observed in 3 benign ameloblastoma case showing aberrant methylation of the E-cadherin gene. Conclusion: These results suggest that loss of E-cadherin expression related to the other genetic pathway (not methylation) might be an adjuvant indicator predicting the malignant transformation of an ameloblastoma. However, the number of samples in this study was too small and the relationship between the treatment methods and clinical course were not defined. Therefore, further study will be needed.