• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.707-713
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• 2012

Taraxacum coreanum Nakai (TM) has been investigated for its antidiabetic activity in streptozotocin induced diabetic animals, but few studies have been conducted to evaluate its efficacy for treatment of type II diabetic mice. This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of the water extracts of TM for the treatment of type II diabetes. Twenty four mice(C57BLKS/J Iar $-+Lepr^{db}/+Lepr^{db}$) with type II diabetes were randomly assigned either to a experimental group A (leaves extraction of TM), experimental group B(roots extraction of TM), experimental group C(leaves, roots and flowers extraction of TM) or control group. Water extracts of TM were ingested for 10 weeks. The changes of body weight, level of blood glucose, numerical change of insulin-immunoreactive cells and level of blood insulin were measured after treatment of water extracts of TM. A reduction of the blood glucose level after treatment of TM was observed in all the experimental groups. Especially, experimental C group showed significant reduction of blood glucose level compared with control group. Experimental C group induced an increase the level of blood insulin and density of insulin immunoreactive cells after treatment of TM. These results show that water extracts of TM can improve the severity in type II diabetic mice.

• BMB Reports
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• 제55권11호
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• pp.559-564
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• 2022

Diabetes mellitus is one of the most prevalent diseases in modern society. Many complicationssuch as hepatic cirrhosis, neuropathy, cardiac infarction, and so on are associated with diabetes. Although a relationship between diabetes and hair loss has been recently reported, the treatment of diabetic hair loss by Wnt/β-catenin activators has not been achieved yet. In this study, we found that the depilation-induced anagen phase was delayed in both db/db mice and high-fat diet (HFD) and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice. In diabetic mice, both hair regrowth and wound-induced hair follicle neogenesis (WIHN) were reduced because of suppression of Wnt/β-catenin signaling and decreased proliferation of hair follicle cells. We identified that KY19382, a small molecule that activates Wnt/β-catenin signaling, restored the capabilities of regrowth and WIHN in diabetic mice. The Wnt/β-catenin signaling activator also increased the length of the human hair follicle which was decreased under high glucose culture conditions. Overall, the diabetic condition reduced both hair regrowth and regeneration with suppression of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Consequently, the usage of Wnt/β-catenin signaling activators could be a potential strategy to treat diabetes-induced alopecia patients.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제25권11호
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• pp.1265-1272
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• 2015

잡곡의 하나인 식용피는 폴리페놀과 수용성 식이섬유성분이 풍부하고 전분함량이 타 곡류보다 낮으면서 단백질 함양이 높아 영양학적 건강지표가 높은 잡곡이다. 본 연구에서는 항염증 활성이 강하게 확인된 밀양3호를 선발하여 이의 항당뇨 활성에 관해 조사하였다. 식용피 밀양3호의 80% 에탄올(EtOH) 추출물을 당뇨모델인 C57BL/KsJ-db/db mice에 600 mg/kg로 8주간 투여하여 혈당과 혈중 지질에 대한 영향을 조사한 결과, 공복혈당이 당뇨 대조군에 비해 유의적으로 감소하여 개선 되었으며, 경구 내당성도 1주 투여 시부터 개선되는 효과를 보이다가 8주간의 투여 시는 양성대조군인(메트포민 100 mg/kg) 수준으로 경구 내당성이 개선됨을 확인하였다. 이때 체중증가는 메트포민 투여군(10.36±3.15)에는 못 미치나 8.54±2.24로 당뇨 대조군 체중 증가(8.71±1.64)의 수준이었으며, food efficiency rates를 고려하면 식용피가 식이 섭취에는 큰 영향을 주지 않는 것으로 사료되었다. 총 콜레스테롤 농도는 당뇨 대조군의 총콜레스테롤(229.3±47.8)에 비해 식용피 EtOH 추출물 투여군(160.7±7.6)과 메트포민 투여군(176.0±25.6)에서 유의적으로 감소하였다. LDL-콜레스테롤 농도는 식용피 투여군에서 메트포민 투여군 수준으로 당뇨 대조군에 비해 약 41%정도 감소한 것에 반해, 중성지방은 식용피 추출물의 영향을 받지 않았다. 간독성은 식용피 추출물군의 GOT 값이 메트포민 투여군 보다 더 낮았으며, GPT 활성도는 모든 실험군들 간에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 이상의 연구 결과는 식용피 밀양3호가 항 당뇨 관련 우수한 소재 함유 곡류로 관련 질환 예방과 치료에 활용할 수 있음을 시사한다.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.156-161
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• 2009

Hyperglycemia in the diabetic state increases oxidative stress and antioxidant therapy can be strongly correlated with decreased risks for diabetic complications. The purpose of this study is to determine antioxidant effect of garlic and aged black garlic in animal model of type 2 diabetes. The antioxidant activity of garlic and aged black garlic was measured as the activity in scavenging free radicals by the trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) assay. Three week-old db/db mice were fed AIN-93G diet or diet containing 5% freeze-dried garlic or aged black garlic for 7 weeks after 1 week of adaptation. Hepatic levels of lipid peroxides and activities of antioxidant enzymes were measured. TEAC values of garlic and aged black garlic were $13.3{\pm}0.5$ and $59.2{\pm}0.8{\mu}mol/g$ wet weight, respectively. Consumption of aged black garlic significantly decreased hepatic thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) level compared with the garlic group which showed lower TBARS level than control group (p<0.05). Activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) of garlic and aged black garlic group were significantly elevated compared to the control group. Catalase (CAT) activity of aged black garlic group was increased compared with the control group. These results show that aged black garlic exerts stronger antioxidant activity than garlic in vitro and in vivo, suggesting garlic and aged black garlic, to a greater extent, could be useful in preventing diabetic complications.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.579-588
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 홍어껍질에서 추출한 콜라겐 펩타이드 이화학적 특성과 비만 유발 쥐에 대한 투여 실험을 통해서 지방조직의 지질 감소효과를 조사하였으며, 홍어 껍질 콜라겐 펩타이드를 원료로 한 응용 제품 개발을 통하여 산업적 적용을 검토하였다. 일반성분 분석 결과 홍어 껍질 콜라겐 펩타이드는 대부분이 단백질로 이루어져 있는 고단백 저지방 물질이며, 분자량 측정 결과 약 1000 Da.의 저분자량이고, 아미노산 분석에서는 전형적인 콜라겐 단백질의 특성을 나타내었다. 비만 유발 쥐에 홍어 껍질 콜라겐 펩타이드를 500 mg/kg씩 18일간 경구 투여한 실험 결과에서 사료 섭취량과 음수량이 상당량 줄어 들었으며, 지방조직의 중성지방과 총 콜레스테롤 수치가 유의적으로 감소하였다. 홍어 껍질 콜라겐 펩타이드를 대량생산을 한 결과 제품의 최종 수율은 원료대비 약 17.23%로 상당히 높은 수율을 나타내었다. 이를 원료로 한 기능성 화장품 및 생활용품을 생산 및 출시하였다. 따라서 홍어 가공 부산물인 껍질을 재이용한 기능성 단백질 소재 개발을 통하여 건강기능식품과 화장품 분야에서의 기능성과 가격경쟁력을 갖춘 소재 개발에 기여 할 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제55권1호
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• pp.38-46
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• 2010

C3GHi 쌀 품종은 흑진주벼와 수원425호를 교배조합으로 하여 색소 성분인 cyanidine-3-glucoside(C3G)의 함량을 비약적으로 증대시킨 품종이다. C3GHi 벼품종을 활용하여 기능성 제품 및 소재로의 개발 가능성을 타진하기 위하여 본 연구에서는 C3GHi 벼품종의 항산화 활성 및 항당뇨 기능의 검증을 수행하였다. 1. C3GHi 벼품종의 항산화 활성을 비교 분석한 결과에서 C3GHi는 일반 벼 및 흑진주벼보다 매우 우수한 항산화 활성을 가진 것으로 나타났으며, 대표적 항산화 소재인 glutathione과 유사한 활성을 나타내었다. 2. C3GHi 벼품종의 혈당지수를 인체 시험을 통해서 산출한 결과에서도 일반 현미나 백미에 비해서 15%정도 낮은 혈당지수를 나타내 당뇨 환자들의 식사 대용식의 소재로서 활용 가능성이 높을 것으로 사료된다. 3. db/db mice 모델 및 STZ를 통해 당뇨병을 유발한 동물 모델에서 C3GHi 쌀추출물 및 C3GHi쌀 현미의 동결건조 분말이 혈당 상승을 막고, 산화적 손상을 억제하는 것으로 나타났다. 4. 이상의 결과에서 C3GHi쌀은 낮은 혈당지수 및 항산화 활성, 항당뇨 활성 등을 보유하고 있어 이후 당뇨 환자용 기능성 식사 대용식 및 기능성 식품 원료로서의 개발 가능성이 높다고 판단된다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.164-176
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• 2016

This study was perfomed to investigate the effects of Chunghyul-plus(CHP) on oxidative damage and hyperlipidemia in db/db mouse. After treatment with CHP, safety in cytotoxicity, heavy metal toxicity, production of reactive oxygen species(ROS), nitric oxide (N0) and proinflammatory cytokine IL-Ib, TNF-a, IL-6 in RAW 264.7 cells. Serum total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglyceride, insulin, GLP-1, glucose, food intake, body weight, organ weight, AST, ALT, ALP, BUN, creatine and histologic change of liver and aorta were measured in db/db mouse after oral administration of CHP. CHP showed safety in cytotoxicity and toxicity of liver and kidney for logn time administration. CHP increased the DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity. CHP showed significant inhibitory effect on reactive oxygen species (ROS), and showed inhibitory effect on nitiric oxide(NO) compared to control group. CHP decreased cytokine IL-6 production significantly, and decreased IL-1β and TNF-α compared to control group. CHP decreased body and organ weitht, intake food, and glucose levels compared to control group. CHP decreased total cholesterol and triglyceride significantly, and decreased LDL-cholesterol levels and increased HDL-cholesterol levels compared to control group. CHP decreased atherogenic index and cardiac risk factor significantly. CHP increased serum insulin and GLP-1 compared to control group. In histologic examination, lipophagy in the liver and aorta decreased in CHP treated mice and the cell was regular and boundary of vessel wall was clear compared to control group. These results suggest that CHP is effective in antioxidation activity and treatment and prevention of hyperlipidemia, atherosclerosis, diabetes, ischemic heart disease, stroke and other cardiocerebrovascular disease.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.413-417
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to investigate the hypoglycemic effect of Saururus chinensis Baill in vitro and in vivo. Methanol extract of S. chinensis Baill inhibited yeast ${\alpha}$-glucosidase activity by 49.8%, which was twice as strong as that of acarbose at a concentration of 0.5 mg/mL in vitro. The effect of S. chinensis Baill methanol extract on the postprandial increase in blood glucose levels was studied in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats using a carbohydrate load test. Oral administration of S. chinensis Baill extract (500 mg/kg) significantly decreased incremental blood glucose levels at 60 and 90 min (p<0.05) after oral ingestion of starch (1 g/kg). The area under the glucose response curve of the S. chinensis Baill group was significantly decreased compared to that of the control group (p<0.05). The effect of prolonged feeding of S. chinensis Baill was studied in an animal model of type 2 diabetes. Three-week-old db/db mice were fed an AIN-93G diet or a diet containing 0.5% S. chinensis Baill extract for 7 weeks after 1 week of adaptation. Plasma glucose, insulin, and blood glycated hemoglobin levels of the mice fed S. chinensis Baill extract were significantly lower than those of the control group (p<0.05). Therefore, we conclude that S. chinensis Baill is effective in controlling hyperglycemia in animal models of diabetes mellitus.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.780-789
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• 2022

Background: Incretin impairment, characterized by insufficient secretion of L-cell-derived glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), is a defining step of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Ginsenoside compound K (CK) can stimulate GLP-1 secretion; however, the potential mechanism underlying this effect has not been established. Methods: CK (40 mg/kg) was administered orally to male db/db mice for 4 weeks. The body weight, oral glucose tolerance, GLP-1 secretion, gut microbiota sequencing, bile acid (BA) profiles, and BA synthesis markers of each subject were then analyzed. Moreover, TGR5 expression was evaluated by immunoblotting and immunofluorescence, and L-cell lineage markers involved in L-cell abundance were analyzed. Results: CK ameliorated obesity and impaired glucose tolerance in db/db mice by altering the gut microbiota, especially Ruminococcaceae family, and this changed microbe was positively correlated with secondary BA synthesis. Additionally, CK treatment resulted in the up-regulation of CYP7B1 and CYP27A1 and the down-regulation of CYP8B1, thereby shifting BA biosynthesis from the classical pathway to the alternative pathway. CK altered the BA pool by mainly increasing LCA and DCA. Furthermore, CK induced L-cell number expansion leading to enhanced GLP-1 release through TGR5 activation. These increases were supported by the upregulation of genes governing GLP-1 secretion and L-cell differentiation. Conclusions: The results indicate that CK improves glucose homeostasis by increasing L-cell numbers, which enhances GLP-1 release through a mechanism partially mediated by the gut microbiota-BA-TGR5 pathway. Therefore, that therapeutic attempts with CK might be useful for patients with T2DM.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.455-461
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• 2013

Retinoids regulate not only various cell functions including proliferation and differentiation but also glucose and lipid metabolism. After we observed a marked up-regulation of cellular retinol-binding protein-I (CRBP-I) in the liver of hepatitis B virus x antigen (HBx)-transgenic (HBx Tg) mice which are prone to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and fatty liver, we aimed to evaluate retinoid pathway, including genes for the retinoid physiology, CRBP-I protein expression, and retinoid levels, in the liver of HBx Tg mice. We also assessed the effect of chronic metformin treatment on HCC development in the mice. Many genes involved in hepatic retinoid physiology, including CRBP-I, were altered and the tissue levels of retinol and all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) were elevated in the liver of HBx Tg mice compared to those of wild type (WT) control mice. CRBP-I protein expression in liver, but not in white adipose tissue, of HBx Tg mice was significantly elevated compared to WT control mice while CRBP-I protein expressions in the liver and WAT of high-fat fed obese and db/db mice were comparable to WT control mice. Chronic treatment of HBx Tg mice with metformin did not affect the incidence of HCC, but slightly increased hepatic CRBP-I level. In conclusion, hepatic CRBP-I level was markedly up-regulated in HCC-prone HBx Tg mice and neither hepatic CRBP-I nor the development of HCC was suppressed by metformin treatment.