• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.209-216
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• 2014

The present study was conducted to estimate the NE values of corn, dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) and wheat bran (WB) for laying hens based on an indirect calorimetry method and nitrogen balance measurements. A total of 576 twenty-eight-wk-old Dwarf Pink-shell laying hens were randomly assigned to four groups fed a basal diet (BD) or a combination of BD with 50% corn or 20% DDGS or 20% WB, with four replicates each. After a 7-d adaptation period, each replicate with 36 hens were kept in one of the two respiration chambers to measure the heat production (HP) for 6 days during the feeding period and subsequent 3-d fasting. The equilibrium fasting HP (FHP) provided an estimate of NE requirements for maintenance (NEm). The NE values of test feedstuffs was estimated using the difference method. Results showed that the heat increment that contributed 35.34 to 37.85% of ME intake was not influenced by experimental diets (p>0.05) when expressed as Mcal/kg of DM feed intake. Lighting increased the HP in hens in an fed-state. The FHP decreased over time (p<0.05) with the lowest value determined on the third day of starvation. No significant difference between treatments was found on FHP of d 3 (p>0.05). The estimated AME, AMEn, and NE values were 3.46, 3.44 and 2.25 Mcal/kg DM for corn, 3.11, 2.79, and 1.80 Mcal/kg DM for DDGS, 2.14, 2.10, and 1.14 Mcal/kg DM for WB, respectively. The net availability of AME of corn tended to be numerically higher than DDGS and WB (p = 0.096). In conclusion, compared with corn, the energy values of DDGS and WB were overestimated when expressed on an AME basis.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.531-540
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• 2017

A study was conducted to compare growth performance of six female commercial Korean native chicken (KNC) crossbreeds from hatching to twelve weeks of age. Three hundred and twelve, 1-day-old female commercial KNC were used within 1 paternal line and 6 maternal lines. The chickens were allocated to 24 battery cages to give 4 replicates per strain with 13 chickens per cage. The chickens were reared under continuous lighting (24 h) and water was available at all times. Ad-libitum feeding was practiced throughout the experimental period. Among the six different strains, 2A had the greatest bodyweight (BW) at 42 days after hatching (p < 0.05). No BW difference between six crossbreed strains (p > 0.05) was found thereafter. Crossbreed 1A had the higher average daily gain (ADG) than crossbreed 2A and 3A chickens (p < 0.05), whereas crossbreed 4A, 5A, and 6A had similar ADGs to that of crossbreed 1A (p > 0.05) at 84 days after hatching. Furthermore, crossbreed 4A had a great average daily feed intake (ADFI) from hatching to 84 days (p < 0.05). Nonetheless, there was no difference in the feed conversion ratio (FCR) and uniformity between six crossbreed strains for the experimental period (p > 0.05). Despite that 1A, 4A, and 6A had the higher viability (p < 0.05) than crossbreed 2A and 5A, they had a similar viability than crossbreed 3A (p > 0.05). With this in mind, crossbreed 2A had greater BW, ADG, and FCR than other chicken crossbreeds from hatching to 84 days, although they had a lower viability than others.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.535-539
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• 2010

The formation and elongation of runners, growth of runner plants, and transplant propagation rates of 'Maehyang' strawberry were investigated at various photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) levels. Strawberry plants having $3.1{\pm}0.4$ leaves and $7.0{\pm}1.1mm$ of crown diameter were used as propagules and were cultured for 35 days in 9 transplant production modules using fluorescent lamps as artificial lighting sources. Applied PPF levels were $137.4{\pm}2.1$, $217.0{\pm}1.0$, and $274.7{\pm}8.4{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$ as measured on the surfaces of empty shelves. The numbers of runners and runner plants per propagule were the greatest at $280{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$ PPF. The runner plant propagation rate was 0.27 plant/day/propagule at $280{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$, which was significantly greater than that of conventional propagation methods. Results indicate that high PPF levels promotes the formation of runners and runner plants of strawberry and that the rapid propagation method with high PPF levels can be feasible for production of vigorous transplants in a closed transplant production system.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.220-223
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• 2012

A new cultivar $Dendranthema$ $grandiflourm$ 'Dream Water' was developed at Gyeonggi-do Agricultural Research & Extension Services, Korea in 2009. The cultivar 'Dream Water' was initially derived from the cross in 2005 between 'Patra', a spray chrysanthemum cultivar with yellow single type, and 'Ruces', a spray chrysanthemum cultivar with white single type. The cultivar has single type with ivory petals. Trial evaluation was conducted from 2006 to 2009 for selection of this variety, including a shading culture in spring and a retarding culture in summer. The flowering time of 'Dream Water' was October 24th, and year-round flowering is possible by shading or lighting treatment. The diameter of the flower is 56.0 mm. Number of flowers per stem and petals per flower are 11.1 and 26.8, respectively. Its leaf color was green (Green Group 147A) and plant height was 89.7 cm. Days to flowering under the short day treatment is about 54 in spring, and diameter of flower center was 1.4 cm in the summer. The vase life was 16.7 days in autumn and consumer's preference of new spray chrysanthemum is high level than control.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.517-521
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• 2013

A new cultivar Dendranthema grandiflourm 'Dream Round' was developed at Gyeonggi-do Agricultural Research & Extension Services (GARES), Korea in 2010. The variety 'Dream Round' was initially derived from a cross in 2006 between 'Hebo' a seed parent, a spray chrysanthemum cultivar with white anemone type, and 'Samos' as a pollen parent, a spray chrysanthemum variety with white anemone type. The cultivar has anemone type with white petals. Trial evaluation was conducted from 2008 to 2010 for the selection of that cultivar, including a shading culture in spring and a retarding culture in summer. The flowering time of 'Dream Round' was October 24th, and year-round flowering was possible by shading or lighting treatment. The diameter of flower of 'Dream Round' was 34.1 mm. Numbers of flowers per stem and petals per flower of 'Dream Round' were 12.8 and 26.1, respectively. Its leaf color was green (Green Group 147A) and plant height was 92.4 cm. Days to flowering of 'Dream Round' under the short day treatment was about 54 in spring, and diameter of flower of 'Dream Round' was 34.2 mm in the summer. The vase life of 'Dream Round' was 21.7 days in autumn.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.125-132
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• 2015

The Far Infrared Ray (FIR) is part of the natural energy as light spectrum of sunlight. Human can disentangle the colors within visible ray, but FIR is invisible to human sight because it has longer wavelength than visible ray. The effect of using FIR on broiler performance, blood biochemical profiles and fecal gas emission from litter. Day-old semi-broiler chicks (Ross ♂ ${\times}$ Hyline ♀) were obtained and assigned to eight pens, 2 replicates of white and green color LED light, and with FIR on each color light, in a 20L:4D of lighting program. The body weight gain and feed efficiency were tend to improve under the green color than white color, which were increased by exposing to FIR on both color light. Emission of ammonia and lower hydrocarbons from litter were not different from each color but there was a decrease by exposing to FIR regardless of light color. The level of blood aspartate aminotransferase (AST) tends to be decreased under green color than white color, and this tendency becomes more pronounced as exposing to FIR. Therefore significantly increased under white color without FIR than green color with FIR (P<0.05). The levels of albumin and immunoglobulin were not different from each color but there was an increase by exposing to FIR regardless of light color. In conclusion, exposing to Far Infrared Ray (FIR) when broiler raising, there is potential to increase broiler performance because of improvement of bioactivity and raising environment.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.330-339
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• 2014

Growth and anthocyanins of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L., 'Mid-season') grown under LED lamps with blue light in the range of 430-470 nm or with red light in the range of 630-670 nm were analyzed in this study. Cool-white fluorescent light was used a s the control. P hotosynthetic photon flux, p hotoperiod, air temperature, relative humidity, and $CO_2$ concentration in a closed plant production system were $201{\pm}2\;{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$, 16/8 hours (day/night), $22/18^{\circ}C$, 70%, and $400{\mu}mol{\cdot}mol^{-1}$, respectively. At 21 days after light quality treatment, growth characteristics and anthocyanins content of lettuce as affected by the peak wavelength of blue or red LED were significantly different. Among peak wavelengths treated in this stusy, R1 treatment (peak wavelength 634 nm) and R6 treatment (peak wavelength 659 nm) were effective for increasing leaf width, leaf area, shoot fresh weight, and photosynthetic rate of lettuce. B5 treatment (peak wavelength 450 nm) and B4 treatment (peak wavelength 446 nm) increased the anthocyanins concentration and chlorophyll content in lettuce leaves, respectively. Anthocyanins in lettuce leaves increased linearly with decreasing hue value of leaf color and with increasing SPAD value of lettuce leaves. From these results, it was concluded that the red LED with peak wavelengths of 634 nm and 659 nm and the blue LED with peak wavelengths of 450 nm can be used as potential light spectra for increasing the yield and anthocyanins accumulation of leafy vegetable.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.15 no.3 s.70
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• pp.468-473
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• 2005

The coastal regions of Yeosu, the South Sea of Korea, has occurred annually the red tide which is caused by potentially ichthyotoxic dinoflagellate C. polykrikoides, with a wide avenue for exchange with oceanic waters and freshwater runoff from Sumjin river. We attempted to examine the variability in response to vertical migration and concentration of extracted DNA/RNA of C. polykrikoides exposed to salinity-stratified waters. The experimental aquarium of the 60 liter was employed to culture C. polykrikoides. One aquarium was supplied with only sea water, the other was consisted of sea water and freshwater. Experiment was conducted for 5 days. In experimental column (mixture of freshwater and sea water), salinity was maintained to 20 at upper and approximately 30 at bottom during the period of this study. The fluctuation with related to dissolved oxygen and pH was similar pattern to both columns. Chlorophyll a was significantly higher value at upper than bottom. During 24h, chlorphyll a on experimental column was extremely high on the top as soon as lighting, compared with control. With elapsed time, the gap between experimental and control columns was a little. In darkness, chlorophyll a was not significantly different between upper and bottom, most cells appeared to randomly distribute on column regardless of water layer. Fluctuation with related to concentration of extracted DNA and RNA based on ratio of absorbance of 260 and 280 nm in experimental column was higher at final day or diel migration than control. These results implied that a large volume of freshwater could be associated with influence of concentration of DNA and RNA, in particular, rapid upward movement caused massive fish kills as soon as sunset.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.18B no.3
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• pp.117-130
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to produce a better way to detect crossroad accidents, which involves an efficient method to produce background images in consideration of object movement and preserve/demonstrate the candidate accident region. One of the prior studies proposed an employment of traffic signal interval within crossroad to detect accidents on crossroad, but it may cause a failure to detect unwanted accidents if any object is covered on an accident site. This study adopted inverse perspective mapping to control the scale of object, and proposed different ways such as producing robust background images enough to resist surrounding noise, generating candidate accident regions through information on object movement, and by using edge information to preserve and delete the candidate accident region. In order to measure the performance of proposed algorithm, a variety of traffic images were saved and used for experiment (e.g. recorded images on rush hours via DVR installed on crossroad, different accident images recorded in day and night rainy days, and recorded images including surrounding noise of lighting and shades). As a result, it was found that there were all 20 experiment cases of accident detected and actual effective rate of accident detection amounted to 76.9% on average. In addition, the image processing rate ranged from 10~14 frame/sec depending on the area of detection region. Thus, it is concluded that there will be no problem in real-time image processing.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.205-214
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• 2015

This study aimed to investigate the effects of reducing feed intake on performance and meat quality in old laying hens. A total of 200 Hy-Line Brown laying hens (100 weeks old) were randomly allotted to five dietary treatments: control (100% daily feed intake), 90%, 60%, 50%, and 20% daily feed intake. Each treatment was replicated four times with 10 birds per replication and two birds per cage. Ten-bird units were arranged according to a randomized block design. The feeding trial lasted for 4 weeks under a 16L:8D lighting regimen. The results indicated that the daily feed intake correlated with hen-day egg production and feed conversion ratios (P<0.05). The carcass yields and partial ratios were also correlated with daily feed intake (P<0.05). The levels of leukocytes (without basophils) were higher in the 50% and 20% daily feed intake groups than in the other groups. The concentrations of dry matter, crude ash, crude fat, and crude protein, water holding capacity, cooking loss, and fatty acids in the breast meat did not decrease as the daily feed intake decreased. In conclusion, reducing daily feed intake decreased laying performance and carcass yield but had no effect on breast meat quality.