• 한국작물학회지
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• 제48권6호
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• pp.490-494
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• 2003

1) 들깨 속의 개화일수는 파종기 및 품종에 따라 큰 변이를 보였다. 5월 1일 이후 파종기가 지연됨에 따라 품종간 차이가 적어지는 경향이었고 8월 1일 파종기에서 품종간 5일로 가장 적은 개화일수 차이를 보였다. 2) 들깨 속은 파종기 및 품종에 따라 개화반응이 다양하였다. 1월 1일 파종 및 5월 1일 이후 파종기에서는 영양생장에서 생식생장으로 정상적인 개화 반응을 보였으나, 2월에서 4월까지 파종한 경우에는 영양생장\$\longrightarrow$생식생장\$\longrightarrow$영양생장+생식생장\$\longrightarrow$근영양생장\$\longrightarrow$생식생장, 영양생장\$\longrightarrow$영양생장+생식생장\$\longrightarrow$영양생장\$\longrightarrow$생식생장, 상위분지는 영양생장만 하고 하위분지는 영양생장과 생식생장을 동시에 하는 등 영양생장과 생식생장이 가역 적으로 변화하였다. 3)들깨의 화성자극 이동방향과 분열조직에 있는 엽수에 따른 반응을 조사하기 위하여 처리한 결과 단일 처리된 부위만 개화반응을 보여 들깨에 있어 화성자극은 이동하지 않는 것으로 도꼬마리 등 다른 식물과는 상이하였다. 4)단일처리 기간에 따른 개화일수 단축은 9월 상순 이전에 개화하는 품종은 8일 처리로 효과가 있었으나 9월 하순에 개화하는 품종은 14일 처리에서 유의하게 단축되었다.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.73-81
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• 1998

Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were administered with Q-35 at the dose levels of 0, 30, 100 and 300 mg/kg/day by oral gavage from gestation day 17 to lactation period. Effects of the test chemical on general findings, reproductive performance of dams and development of Fl generation were examined. There were no treatment related changes in physical signs, body weight, necropsy findings, organ weights, delivery and nursing behavior. In 100 and 300 mg/fg/day treated groups, the food consumption of dams was decreased significantly during gestational day 19~21. The gestation length of 300 mg/tg/day treated group was increased significantly compared to the control group (22.3 $\pm$0.48 vs 22.0$\pm$0.39). Although the gestational length of all groups were in normal range of the rat, potential effect of the drug could not be ruled out. External anomaly of Fl fetus induced by Q-35 was not detected in any groups. There were no treaoent related changes in physical development, reflex functions, sensory functions, locomotor activity and motor coordinating activity. Estrus cycle, fertility and reproductive performance of Fl were not changed in all treated groups. There was no external abnormality related to the drug administration on the examination of F2. These results suggest that Q-35 has no adverse effect on the peri- and postnatal period in rats except the reduction of food consumption at the beginning of drug administration and the potential effect on the elongation of gestation length.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 1995

The development of omasum in fetuses between 60, 90, 120 days of gestation and neonates of Korean native goats was investigated by fight; scanning electron microscopy. The results were summarized as follows : 1. In the 60-day-old fetuses, the stomach was developed and differentiated into four compartments of rumen, reticulum, omasum, and abomasum. The mucosa of the omasum was thrown into folds which appeared to be three or four different orders of large, medium, small, and smallest laminae. 2. In the 90-day-old fetuses, the omasal laminae had increased greatly in length and cores of omasal laminae were invaginated laterally. 3. In the 120-day-old fetuses, the wall of the omasal laminae had increased in length and the lamina epithelialisis had slightly increased in thickness. The lateral invaginations at the dark zone had increased in length and depth. The tunica muscularis increased only slightly in thickness particularly within its inner circular layer. 4. In the neonate, the muscularis and the omasal laminae had increased in thickness. The lateral invaginations of the dark zone were observed in the first, second and third order of omasal laminae. 5. Scanning electron microscopic studies : In the 90-day-old fetuses, numerous microvilli and microridges were observed on the luminar surface of the omasal mucosa. The omasal papillae were already formed at 120 days of gestation. In the I20-day-old fetuses omasal papillae liked nipple shape. In the neonate, the omasal papillae liked the thumb.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.15-18
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• 1998

Receptivity of corn silk to pollen decreases with time. For effective pollination, it is important to study the receptivity of corn silks in relation to time elapsed after their emergence. Two commercial corn hybrids, 'Kwanganog' and 'Suwon 19', were tested for their silk growth and effects of delayed pollination on kernel development for 1 to 13 days after emergence of the first silk. Silks elongated rapidly for the first 3 days and then gradually decreased. Silks grew more than 30mm per day for the first 3 days and stopped growing on the 11 or 12th day after emergence of the first silk. Filled ear length decreased slowly for the first 8 days, and then decreased rapidly. Similar trends were observed for number of kernel rows and number of kernels per row or ear. The highest numbers of kernels per row or ear were observed when plants were pollinated 2-4 days after silking. These numbers decreased gradually up to 8 days, and then decreased sharply. This result indicates that 8 day-delayed pollination has no influence on kernel development. There were negative correlations between silk length and ear characteristics except kernel weight. Silk growth rate was positively correlated with filled ear length, row number, and kernel number. It might be assumed that delayed pollination by one week after the first silk emerged would not affect on kernel set.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.284-288
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• 2002

향어, Cyprinus carpio [Linnaeus]의 체장에 따른 심전도를 구명하기 위하여, 어체내에 전극을 삽입하여 3가지 체장 범위 (10~15, 15~20, 20~25cm)에서의 심전도를 주간과 야간으로 구분하여, 16~18$^{\circ}C$ 수온에서 30분간 조사한 심박수와 생체전위를 마취상태와 안정상태로 구분비교 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1 체장이 10~15 cm인 경우, 마비상태 (0~9분)에서의 평균심박수는 주간에 43.4 beat/min, 야간에 45.9 beat/min였고, 평균생체전위는 주간에 4.38 $\mu\textrm{V}$, 야간에 3.64 $\mu\textrm{V}$로 나타났으며, 안정상태 (9~30분)에서의 평균심박수는 주간에 69.4 beat/min, 야간에 67.4 beat/min였고, 평균생체전위는 주간에 3.82 $\mu\textrm{V}$, 야간에 3.50 $\mu\textrm{V}$로 나타났다. 2 체장이 15~20cm인 경우, 마비상태 (0~5분)에서의 평균심박수는 주간에 42.2 beat/min, 야간에 45.4 beat/min였고, 평균생체전위는 주간에 4.13 $\mu\textrm{V}$, 야간에 3.95 $\mu\textrm{V}$로 나타났으며, 안정상태(5~30분)에서의 평균심박수는 주간에 67.6 beat/min, 야간에 65.3 beat/min였고, 평균생체전위는 주간에 4.58 $\mu\textrm{V}$, 야간에 4.61 $\mu\textrm{V}$로 나타났다. 3. 체장이 20~25 cm인 경우, 마비상태(0~4분)에서의 평균심박수는 주간에 47.5 beat/min, 야간에 47.5 beat/min였고, 평균생체전위는 주간에 4.81 $\mu\textrm{V}$, 야간에 4.20 $\mu\textrm{V}$로 나타났으며, 안정상태(4~30분)에서의 평균심박수는 주간에 67.5 beat/min, 야간에 64.8 beat/min였고, 평균생체전위는 주간에 5.31 $\mu\textrm{V}$, 야간에 4.90 $\mu\textrm{V}$로 나타났다.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.181-185
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• 1995

Segmental intestinal dilatation is rare, which causes symptom of bowel obstruction and requires resection. The resection is not only diagnostic but also curative procedure. Recently, author experienced 2 cases of segmental dilatation of the ileum due to focal agenesis of the intestinal muscularis in 7 day & 4 day-old female neonates. The post operative recovery was excellant in the first case after resection of dilated ileum(15cm in length) and end to end anastomosis, and discharged at 20th day. But in the second case, the passage disturbance was not relieved after resection of dilated ileum (30cm in length), and author re-resected 80cm more of dilated proximal ileum at 2 weeks after the first operation. This baby discharged after diarrhea control with Loperin on 1 month after the second operation. Final histologic examination showed 1) normal population of ganglion cells in both narrowed & dilated ileum in both cases. 2) focal abscence of muscularis propria in both cases. 3) relative hypertrophy of inner circular muscle layer and thinned, multiple fragmented outer longitudinal muscle layer in case 2.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.162-171
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• 2001

This study was performed to investigate the relationship between obesity, health-related lifestyle, and dietary intake and serum lipid level in 96 male university students. Health-related lifestyle factors were obtained from questionnaires. Dietary intakes were evaluated with one-day 24-hr recall and two-day dietary record. Anthoropometric data were recorded and serum cholesterol and triacylglycerol concentrations were measured. 21.9%, 36.5%, 36.5%, and 6.2% of the subjects had levels beyond the normal range in serum total cholesterol(TC), HDL-cholesterol(HDL-C), LDL-cholesterol(LDL-C), and triacyglycerol respectively, and 57.3% of the subjects had more than one hyperlipidemic factor. TC was correlated positively with BMI(p〈0.01), waist length(p〈0.05), hip length(p〈0.05), and the amount of smoking(p〈0.05). HDL-C was correlated negatively with BMI(p〈0.05) and hip lenghth(p〈0.05). LTD-C was correlated positively with BMI(p〈0.01), water length(p〈0.05), hip length(p〈0.01), and coffee consumption(p〈0.05). TG was correlated positively with waist length(p〈0.01), waist-to-hip ratio(p〈0.05), and amount of smoking(p〈0.01) and negatively correlated with frequence of exercise(p〈0.05). Among nutrient intakes, only the ratio of protein to energy was correlated negatively with TC(p〈0.05). Logistic regression analysis revealed that BMI, waist length, hip length, waist-to-hip ratio, and amount of cigarette smoking were associated with an increased risk of hyper-TC. BMI, waist length, and hip length were associated with an increased risk of hypo-HDL-C. BMI and coffee consumption were associated with an increased risk of hyper-LDL-C. Amount of cigarette smoking was associated with an increased risk of hyper-TG. In conclusion, a high prevalence of hyperlipidemia in subjects was observed. Also obesity, smoking, and coffee consumption were observed to be highly with the risk of hyperlipidemia in subjects. These findings imply that these factors should be primarily considered in planing the nutrition education program for the prevention of cardiovascular disease in male university students.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제54권3호
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• pp.220-224
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• 2013

Objective : This study aimed to determine the optimal time for tracheostomy by evaluating the benefits and safety of early versus late tracheostomy in spinal cord injury (SCI) patients. Methods : We retrospectively reviewed a total of 254 patients with spinal cord injury. Of them, we selected 21 spinal cord injury patients who required tracheostomy due to long-term mechanical ventilation and analyzed their medical records. The patients were categorized into two groups. Early tracheostomy was performed day 1-10 from intubation in 10 patients and the late tracheostomy was performed after day 10 in 11 cases. We also evaluated the duration of mechanical ventilation, stay in the ICU and complications related to tracheostomy, the injury level of and clinical severity. All data was analyzed using SPSS 18.0/WIN. Results : The early tracheostomy offered clear advantages for shortening the total ICU stay (20.8 day vs. 38.0 day, p=0.010). There was also statistically significant reduction in the total length of time on mechanical ventilation (5.2 day vs. 29.2 day, p=0.009). However, the reductions in the incidence of pneumonia (40% vs. 82%) and the length of ICU stay post to tracheostomy (6 day vs. 15 day) were found to be statistically not significant. There were also no statistically significant differences in the injury level and clinical severity between the groups. Conclusion : We concluded that the early tracheostomy (at least 10 days) is beneficial for SCI patients who are likely to require prolonged mechanical ventilation.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제25권10호
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• pp.1445-1457
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• 2016

In this study, we investigated the growth of striped mullet (Mugil cephalus), Yesso scallop (Patinopecten yessoensis) and kelp (Saccharina japonica) farmed under the IMTA (integrated multi-trophic aquaculture) system developed by national institute of fisheries science (NIFS). The farmed striped mullets grew from an initial length and weight of $152.5{\pm}12.1mm$ and $41.6{\pm}7.8g$ in October 2013 to $154.2{\pm}5.6mm$ and $47.5{\pm}8.6g$ in November, $160.2{\pm}8.7mm$ and $55.9{\pm}9.1g$ in December and $168.4{\pm}9.6mm$ and $58.4{\pm}8.7g$ in January. The fish continued to grow and reached $190.2{\pm}9.4mm$ in length and $87.5{\pm}8.9g$ in weight in April and $256.4{\pm}9.7mm$ and $156.7{\pm}6.7g$ in October 2014. The daily growth rate (DGR) for total fish length was 0.015~0.1 mm/day during the periods of fast growth and attained 0.038~0.1 mm/day during February ~ March. The kelp grew from an initial blade length and wet weight of $1.19{\pm}0.2cm$ and $0.0028{\pm}0.0012g$ in January 2014 to $3.3{\pm}0.8cm$ and $2.5{\pm}0.9g$ in February and $126.5{\pm}11.6cm$ and $107.4{\pm}22.6g$ in March, after which, erosion occurred and slowed the growth. The DGRs for kelp length ranged 0.03~1.9 mm/day in January 2014 and increased to 0.88~1.9 mm/day during March~April. Increasing water temperatures beginning in April lowered the DGR to 0.03 mm/day. Yesso scallops grew from an initial shell length, shell height and wet weight of $11.83{\pm}0.6mm$, $12.68{\pm}0.7mm$ and in September 2013 to $19.9{\pm}2.5mm$, $20.8{\pm}2.6mm$ and $0.9{\pm}0.04g$ in November 2013. They continued to grow to $45.91{\pm}0.71mm$ in shell length, $42.55{\pm}0.8mm$ in shell height and $12.7{\pm}1.3g$ in wet weight by May 2014 and $60.2{\pm}2.51mm$, $554.6{\pm}2.61mm$ and $24{\pm}2.70g$ by October 2014. The DGRs for shell length of Yesso scallop ranged from 0.02 to 0.256 mm/day with higher values of 0.256~0.27 mm/day during November~December 2013 and March~April 2014.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.543-554
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to find whether hemline cycles exist and whether hemlines show greater within-year variability over time. Utilizing US Vogue data from 1950 to 2013 on hemline length of women's daywear, total 2102 day-dresses or skirts on full fashion pictures were analyzed. The skirt length was divided by the total length of figure in the picture which was measured from shoulder to ankle. Aggregated yearly means smoothed by means of three-point moving averages were used to provide a better indication of the long-term direction of movement of the hemline. Within-year hemline variability was smoothed by the way of three-point moving average as well. The data showed five cycles on hemline change processes. The first cycle took 21 years from 1950 to 1971, which was the longest period and had the biggest hemline changes. The second cycle was the shortest from 1971 to 1977, in which hemline moved between below-knee length and midcalf. The hemline in the third cycle moved between midcalf and miniskirt. The third cycle took 16 years from 1977 to 1993. The forth was a short cycle from 1998 to 2001, and hemlines moved moderately between below-knee length and above-knee length. The fifth cycle has been on going since 2001, and the hemline has been getting longer after 2007. The within-year variability of hemlines was bigger in 1980s than previous years and was steadily increased.