• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.163-178
• /
• 2014

Following research proposes "Virtualization of Smart Cards (ViSCa)" which is a security system that aims to provide a multi-device platform for the deployment of services that require a strong security protocol, both for the access & authentication and execution of its applications and focuses on analyzing Virtualization of Smart Cards (ViSCa) platform-based mobile payment service by comparing with other similar cases. At the present day, the appearance of new ICT, the diffusion of new user devices (such as smartphones, tablet PC, and so on) and the growth of internet penetration rate are creating many world-shaking services yet in the most of these applications' private information has to be shared, which means that security breaches and illegal access to that information are real threats that have to be solved. Also mobile payment service is, one of the innovative services, has same issues which are real threats for users because mobile payment service sometimes requires user identification, an authentication procedure and confidential data sharing. Thus, an extra layer of security is needed in their communication and execution protocols. The Virtualization of Smart Cards (ViSCa), concept is a holistic approach and centralized management for a security system that pursues to provide a ubiquitous multi-device platform for the arrangement of mobile payment services that demand a powerful security protocol, both for the access & authentication and execution of its applications. In this sense, Virtualization of Smart Cards (ViSCa) offers full interoperability and full access from any user device without any loss of security. The concept prevents possible attacks by third parties, guaranteeing the confidentiality of personal data, bank accounts or private financial information. The Virtualization of Smart Cards (ViSCa) concept is split in two different phases: the execution of the user authentication protocol on the user device and the cloud architecture that executes the secure application. Thus, the secure service access is guaranteed at anytime, anywhere and through any device supporting previously required security mechanisms. The security level is improved by using virtualization technology in the cloud. This virtualization technology is used terminal virtualization to virtualize smart card hardware and thrive to manage virtualized smart cards as a whole, through mobile cloud technology in Virtualization of Smart Cards (ViSCa) platform-based mobile payment service. This entire process is referred to as Smart Card as a Service (SCaaS). Virtualization of Smart Cards (ViSCa) platform-based mobile payment service virtualizes smart card, which is used as payment mean, and loads it in to the mobile cloud. Authentication takes place through application and helps log on to mobile cloud and chooses one of virtualized smart card as a payment method. To decide the scope of the research, which is comparing Virtualization of Smart Cards (ViSCa) platform-based mobile payment service with other similar cases, we categorized the prior researches' mobile payment service groups into distinct feature and service type. Both groups store credit card's data in the mobile device and settle the payment process at the offline market. By the location where the electronic financial transaction information (data) is stored, the groups can be categorized into two main service types. First is "App Method" which loads the data in the server connected to the application. Second "Mobile Card Method" stores its data in the Integrated Circuit (IC) chip, which holds financial transaction data, which is inbuilt in the mobile device secure element (SE). Through prior researches on accept factors of mobile payment service and its market environment, we came up with six key factors of comparative analysis which are economic, generality, security, convenience(ease of use), applicability and efficiency. Within the chosen group, we compared and analyzed the selected cases and Virtualization of Smart Cards (ViSCa) platform-based mobile payment service.

• KIPS Transactions on Computer and Communication Systems
• /
• v.11 no.9
• /
• pp.317-322
• /
• 2022

The rapid development of information technology is also bringing about many changes in the medical environment. In particular, it is leading the rapid change of medical image information systems using big data and artificial intelligence (AI). The prescription delivery system (OCS), which consists of an electronic medical record (EMR) and a medical image storage and transmission system (PACS), has rapidly changed the medical environment from analog to digital. When combined with multiple solutions, PACS represents a new direction for advancement in security, interoperability, efficiency and automation. Among them, the combination with artificial intelligence (AI) using big data that can improve the quality of images is actively progressing. In particular, AI PACS, a system that can assist in reading medical images using deep learning technology, was developed in cooperation with universities and industries and is being used in hospitals. As such, in line with the rapid changes in the medical image information system in the medical environment, structural changes in the medical market and changes in medical policies to cope with them are also necessary. On the other hand, medical image information is based on a digital medical image transmission device (DICOM) format method, and is divided into a tomographic volume image, a volume image, and a cross-sectional image, a two-dimensional image, according to a generation method. In addition, recently, many medical institutions are rushing to introduce the next-generation integrated medical information system by promoting smart hospital services. The next-generation integrated medical information system is built as a solution that integrates EMR, electronic consent, big data, AI, precision medicine, and interworking with external institutions. It aims to realize research. Korea's medical image information system is at a world-class level thanks to advanced IT technology and government policies. In particular, the PACS solution is the only field exporting medical information technology to the world. In this study, along with the analysis of the medical image information system using big data, the current trend was grasped based on the historical background of the introduction of the medical image information system in Korea, and the future development direction was predicted. In the future, based on DICOM big data accumulated over 20 years, we plan to conduct research that can increase the image read rate by using AI and deep learning algorithms.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
• /
• v.7 no.3
• /
• pp.62-73
• /
• 2008

In this paper, domestic standard revision plan of dynamic frequency method which is used both in unmanned automatic toll collection system and manned collection system of the express highway is presented. For such ETCS, the infrared rays (870 nm) of active frequency method and the frequency integrated method (5.8 GHz) are adopted and extended to be operated to the all around the Toll Gate. This standardization plan is based on inter connection reference model between OSI (Open System Interconnection) in process of ITS short range radio communication standardization of 5.8 GHz bandwidth to support traffic information and control system service, and the derived revision plan by starting from physical layer which support interoperability for multiple access between RSE (Road Side Equipment) and OBE (On Board Equipment), in which is categorized into physical layer, data link layer, and application layer. In case of radiation power, existing standard is divided by class1 (within 10 m) and Class2 (within 100 m) according to transmission lengthwhile it is operated with just single standard 'Class1' because of notification of Ministry of Information and Communication in 2004. In the case of the limitation value of incident power in communication area, considering operation plan of ETCS that is on actuality operation the measurements are reflected to the standard. In other wort this paper proposed the improvement standard of incident power, pseudo response in the communication area and radiated power in order to secure stability and compatibility among operator systems about the needed part on ETCS operation.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
• /
• v.13 no.3
• /
• pp.121-135
• /
• 2008

Railroad logistics transporting freight by train takes charge of 10 or 20 percent of domestic cargos. Railroad logistics users such as transport companies including shippers or Inland Container Depot(ICD) use electronic document(EDI or XML) or input data through WEB to process railroad logistics business. However, as business environments evolving into e-business, it is required to upgrade the legacy railroad logistics process. As the increase of using ebXML-based schema format, it is also needed to improve the electronic documents based on DTD format into those of XML schema format. This study deals with information standard for railroad logistics to improve the railroad logistics business. To this purpose railroad business processes were re-defined through the standard business process modeling methodology. Information model was also derived by defining railroad logistics activities from business process model. And Business Information Entities(BIEs) were defined to design new electronic documents according to the extracted information model. An improved system architecture for railroad logistics was proposed as well. The results of this study will provide an effective and flexible business flow to railroad logistics business.

• International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.75-82
• /
• 2009

In this parer, we propose a new way of improving DGNSS service using combination of multiple SBAS information. Because SBAS uses Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO) satellites, it has very large coverage but it can be unavailable in urban canyon because of visibility problem. R. Chen solved this problem by creating Virtual Reference Stations (VRS) using the SBAS signal [1]. VRS converts SBAS signal to RTCM signals corresponding its location, and broadcast the converted RTCM signals over the wireless internet. This method can solve the visibility problem cost effectively. Furthermore it can solve DGNSS coverage problem by creating just a transmitter instead of a reference station. Developing above method, this paper proposes the methods that integrate two or more SEAS signals into one RTCM signal and broadcast it. In Korea, MSAS signal is available even though it is not officially certified for Korean users. As a Korean own SBAS-like system, there is the internet-based KWTB (Korean WADGPS Test Bed) which we developed and released at ION GNSS 2006. As a result, virtually two different SBAS corrections are available in Korea. In this paper, we propose the integration methods for these two independent SBAS corrections and present the test results using the actual measurements from the two systems. We present the detailed algorithm for these two methods and analyze the features and performances of them. To verify the proposed methods, we conduct the experiment using the logged SBAS corrections from the two systems and the RINEX data logged at Dokdo monitoring station in Korea. The preliminary test results showed the improved performance compared to the results from two independent systems, which shows the potential of our proposed methods. In the future, the newly developed SBASs will be available and the places which can access the multiple SBAS signals will increase. At that time, the integration or combination methods of two or more SBASs will become more important. Our proposed methods can be one of the useful solutions for that. As an additional research, we need to extend this research to the system level integration such as the concept of the decentralized W ADGPS.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.141-157
• /
• 2002

extensible Markup Language (XML) is a new markup language for data exchange on the Internet. In this paper, we propose a language extensible Rule Markup Language (XRML) which is an extension of XML. The implicit rules embedded in the Web pages should be identifiable, interchangeable with structured rule format, and finally accessible by various applications. It is possible to realize by using XRML. In this light, Web based Knowledge Management Systems (KMS) can be integrated with rule-based expert systems. To meet this end, we propose the six design criteria: Expressional Completeness, Relevance Linkability, Polymorphous Consistency, Applicative Universality, Knowledge Integrability and Interoperability. Furthermore, we propose three components such as RIML (Rule Identification Markup Language), RSML (Rule Structure Markup Language) and RTML (Rule Triggering Markup Language), and the Document Type Definition DTD). We have designed the XRML version 0.5 as illustrated above, and developed its prototype named Form/XRML which is an automated form processing for disbursement of the research fund in the Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAISI). Since XRML allows both human and software agent to use the rules, there is huge application potential. We expect that XRML can contribute to the progress of Semantic Web platforms making knowledge management and e-commerce more intelligent. Since there are many emerging research groups and vendors who investigate this issue, it will not take long to see XRML commercial products. Matured XRML applications may change the way of designing information and knowledge systems in the near future.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.19 no.3
• /
• pp.171-179
• /
• 2018

In order to ensure the interoperability of products and technologies, companies apply standard technology in R&D but encounter various obstacles in this process, which they try to overcome through active standardization activities. Various studies have investigated the obstacles and coping strategies of companies in the R&D process. However, studies on the obstacles and coping strategies in the standardization process are insufficient, and the types of obstacles related to standardization, so a variety of studies are also needed on the types of activities. In this study, we tried to determine the types of obstacles related to standardization and to examine how these obstacles affect the standardization activities of companies. The analysis used the data from the 'National Standards Survey' which was conducted by the Korean Standards Association in Korea for companies engaged in the electrical, electronic, and information-related fields in Korea. The relationship between standard-related difficulties, needs and standardization activities was verified through structural equation modeling. The analysis results revealed that the standards-related disability issues have some influence on the standardization activities and the mediating effect by the necessity of the standard was investigated. We also found that many companies are making various efforts to overcome the barriers caused by standard activities. This suggests that a company can build a virtuous cycle structure by performing strategic actions to overcome obstacles by standardization activity and reducing the obstacles caused by standard-related research and development.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.19 no.3
• /
• pp.32-39
• /
• 2018

Raman spectra exhibit differences in intensity depending on the measuring equipment and environmental conditions even for the same material. This restricts the pattern recognition approach of Raman spectroscopy and is an issue that must be solved for the sake of its practical application, so as to enable the reusability of the Raman database and interoperability between Raman devices. To this end, previous studies assumed the existence of a transfer function between the measurement devices to obtain a direct spectral correction. However, this method cannot cope with other conditions that cause various intensity distortions. Therefore, we propose a classification method using linear intensity calibration which can deal with various measurement conditions more flexibly. In order to evaluate the performance of the proposed method, a Raman library containing 14033 chemical substances was used for identification. Ten kinds of chemical Raman spectra measured using three different Raman spectroscopes were used as the experimental data. The experimental results show that the proposed method achieves 100% discrimination performance against the intensity-distorted spectra and shows a high correlation score for the identified material, thus making it a useful tool for the identification of chemical substances.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.10 no.9
• /
• pp.68-78
• /
• 2010

As the IP multicast function is very slowly deployed in Internet due to its scalability problem and inter-domain interoperability problem, interest in the P2P(Peer-to-Peer) streaming technologies for the realtime multimedia multicast applications such as IPTV is highly growing. This paper proposes a P2P streaming method for the QoS-sensitive multimedia multicast applications such as highly-interactive personal IPTV and video conferences. The proposed P2P streaming method allows an application to construct a reliable streaming tree in which a proper number of backup peers are placed according to its reliability requirement. The reliable streaming tree reduces the reconnection delay, occurred in the case of a normal and/or abnormal peer leave, so as to minimize the loss of streaming data. In the proposed P2P streaming method, the join delay of a peer called startup delay is also substantially reduced because the bandwidth and end-to-end delay information of every peer kept in a distributed way allows the target peer for a joining peer to be able to be quickly determined. Moreover, the proposed method's peer admission control mechanism based on the bandwidth and end-to-end delay enables the delay-bounded streaming services to be provided for its corresponding applications.

• Journal of KIISE:Computing Practices and Letters
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.130-142
• /
• 2008

Different from other ontology languages, TopicMap is capable of integrating numerous amount of heterogenous information resources using the locational information without any information transformation. Although many conventional editors have been developed for topic maps, they are standalone-type only for writing XTM documents. As a result, these tools request too much time for handling large-scale data and provoke practical problems to integrate with legacy systems which are mostly based on relational database. In this paper, we model a large-scale topic map structure based on XTM 1.0 into RDB structure to minimize the processing time and build up the ontology in legacy systems. We implement a topic map platform called X-TOP that can enhance the efficiency of ontology construction and provide interoperability between XTM documents and database. Moreover, we can use conventional SQL tools and other application development tools for topic map construction in X-TOP. The X-TOP is implemented to have 3-tier architecture to support flexible user interfaces and diverse DBMS. This paper shows the usability of X-TOP by means of the comparison with conventional tools and the application to healthcare cancer ontology management.