• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• v.23 no.1 s.53
• /
• pp.1-7
• /
• 1999

Photosynthetic rates and leaf bleaching were measured under light of far-red, red, orange, green, blue and white in order to clarify the effect of light qualities on photosynthesis in Panax species, P. ginseng and P. quinquefolium. Photosynthetic rate of P. ginseng and P. quinquifolium showed higher in the order under the light of red > orange > blue > white > green. Degree of leaf bleaching in P. quinquifolium showed severer in the order under the light of far-red > red > white > blue > orange > green. These suggest that shading material with blue or orange color is good for ginseng growth. As for the effect of temperature, the photosynthesis was increased with increasing temperature untill $25^{\circ}C$ and thereafter decreased. Therefore, it was clarified that the optimum temperature for photosynthesis of P. ginseng and P. quinquefolium was $25^{\circ}C$. And the dark respiration rate of ginseng leaf also increased with increasing air temperature. Especially, the dark respiration rate increased by $80\%$ for P. ginseng and by $73\%$ for P.quinquefolium at above $30^{\circ}C$ as compared with $25^{\circ}C$. In general, the photosynthesis rate was higher in P. quinquifolium than in P. ginseng and ranged from 3.54 to 4.04 mg $(CO_2{\cdot}dm^{-2}{\cdot}hr^{-1})$ for P. quinquefolium and from 2.08 to 2.59 mg$(CO_2{\cdot}dm^{-2}{\cdot}hr^{-1})$ for P. ginseng.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
• /
• v.45 no.3
• /
• pp.135-143
• /
• 2009

To study the behavioral reaction of common squid Todarodes pacificus, to different colors of LED light, individual distribution in the dark condition without LED light stimuli, individual distribution when four colors of light stimuli were at the sections of end and middle of water tank and the changes of gathering rates as the elapse of illuminating time were examined. When it was dark, the distribution of the fish in each section of the tank was U-shape regardless of the investigating time intervals, which means that Todarodes pacificus gathered at the both ends of the tank. The individual distribution when light stimuli were at the one end of the tank showed the tendency of gathering at the illuminated section and decreasing at the opposite section. There were 448 of them at the end of the tank when the light was blue, 352 when white, 302 when green and 132 when red. Thus the fish liked blue light the most, followed by white light. The variations of gathering rate at the both ends of tank as illuminating time elapsed showed the tendency of increasing at the light section (A section), however, it showed the tendency of decreasing at the darkest section (F section). The individual distribution showed the tendency of letter $\wedge$ of gathering at the center and decreasing at the both ends mostly when the light stimuli were at the middle section of tank. The gathering rates at the lighting section were 80.4% when red, 76.4% when white, 69.6% when green and 56.7% when blue. The fishes showed the affinity for the red light mostly, followed by the white light source. The red light and blue light showed the opposite when the light stimuli were at the one end of water tank. The variations of gathering rates as the elapse of time at the lighted section showed the tendency of gradual increasing in the four light sources. The color of light source showing the highest gathering rate within 25-30 minutes of light stimuli was the white, followed by the red.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
• /
• v.6 no.2
• /
• pp.36-44
• /
• 1998

The purpose of this study was to identify and to classify the names of costume colors of women of Silla. The results of this study can be summarized as follows; Until now scholars and researchers interpreted nine colors in Sam Guk Sa Ki as nine colors explained in the dictionaries. However, term, nine colors in the contexts did not refer to the literary meaning of nine colors such as blue, red, yellow, white, black, green, purple, pink, and navy blue as explained in the dictionaries. 'Nine colors' of Silla were women's costume colors which were specified in the royal edict in the texts. Thus, 'nine colors' of Silla had a specific meaning rather than literary meaning. 'Nine colors' of Silla women's costume were identified as red( ), yellow(黃), purple(紫), purplish pink(紫粉), gold powder(金屑), pink(紅), yellow powder(黃屑), dark pink(緋) and dark purple(滅紫). These 'nine colors' were actually prohibited colors in women's costume in the royal edict. Women from true bone, the highest class, were prohibited the use of tow colors of red and yellow out of nine colors. While women from four du pum and common class were forbidden the use of nine colors out of total of nine colors. Kinds and numbers of colors of costume were used as a means of differentiating the social class and rank of women in Silla. Also it was found that women of Silla favored red purple, pink tones and yellow color in their costume and these colors were fashionable colors among women of Silla. These fashionable costume colors of Silla women seems to be influenced by fashions of women of T'ang dynasty of China. Red, purple, pink, yellow and green were favorite colors of women of T'ang dynasty of China.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.90-94
• /
• 2009

Mong Hsu rubies from Myanmar were heat treated in oxidizing(oxygen) atmosphere at $1650^{\circ}C$ for 1 hour. The investigations of the micro-structural defects in the samples before and after heat treatment have been carried out by the variety of analysis techniques of FTIR, UV-VIS-NIR and SEM-EDS. It was found that after heat treatment the dark blue cores region were disappeared and turned to orange red color with the presence of the dense cloudy brownish colored tiny particles in and near former blue zoning. As-received ruby samples only revealed the presence of FTIR absorption peaks of diaspore, boehmite and O-H stretching, at 1986, 2115 and $3078/3319\;cm^{-1}$ respectively. The UV-VIS-NIR absorption of as-received and heat treated ruby samples similarly showed peaks at 405, 554 and 693 nm associated with $Cr^{3+}$, but for the same samples, the absorption peak of heat-treated ruby samples at 693 nm was somewhat stronger than that of the untreated ruby samples. Especially the presence of $Cr^{3+}$ peaks at 659 and 675 nm was found obviously in as-received ruby samples only. The SEM-EDS investigation disclosed the micro-porous defect structures commonly related to the core regions of the untreated ruby samples, which after heat treatment in an oxidizing environment those defect features have been dissolved into the host phase resulting in the lightening or disappearance of the dark coloration of ruby core.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.117-130
• /
• 2010

The main objective of this research was to understand the characteristics of contrast color coordination through the analysis of modern woman fashion color coordination as they appear in the 'Collections' from '04 SS to '09/'10 AW. Data collection of 122 was done through review of '$pr{\hat{e}}t$-$\grave{a}$-porter Collections' of four cities; Milan, London, New York, Paris. Statistical analysis of frequency and qualitative interpretation of contrast color coordination characteristics were completed. The main findings were as follows; (1) The combined color type of 'red+blue' and 'yellow+blue' were the most frequently appeared in the same ratio, and followed by 'green+violet', 'red+yellow', 'green+orange', and 'orange+violet'. The contrast tone showed the most, and followed by the similarity and identity, and the type of tone harmony used differently according to the type of contrasting color combination. (2) The general characteristics of contrasting color harmony were as follows,; Some contrasting colors looked harmonious when used light colors and the contrast between light and dull colors which made the hues even more harmonious. Also combinations of dull colors which work well with other dull colors or vivid colors. Light & vivid color or light & dark color, however, often showed too much contrast and using two contrasting vivid colors presented awkward and restless look. When used one vivid color and one dark color, a little easier to looked at, but still not particularly elegance or effectively harmonious. (3) The types of contrasting color harmony showed some differences between seasons. Contrasting color harmony showed more frequently in the S/S collections than in A/W collections.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.11-15
• /
• 1982

The authors carried out an experiment to find out the response of filefish, Navodon modestus (Gunther), to the colored nets. The experimental tank of dimensions 360L$\times$50W$\times$55H cm was set up in a dark room. Six longitudinal sections, each being 60cm intervals, are marked in the tank to observe locations of the fishes. The depth of water in the tank was 50 cm. Two light bulbs of 30 W, placed at the both ends of the tank, projected the light horizontally into the tank. Two different colored nets selected from seven colors(white, black, gray, red, green, blue, and yellow) were placed 60 cm distance from each side of the tank. The fishes were acclimatized in the dark for 60 minutes before they were employed in the experiment. After the light was turned on, the number of fish in each section of the tank was counted for an hour in every 2 minutes into interval, the mean value of fishes in each section was used as the distribution rate of the fish. The order of colors disliked by fishes was found to be white, red, green, black, blue, yellow and gray. The distribution rate of fish in front of colored net shows a decreasing tendency as the lapse of illumination time increases.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.16 no.4
• /
• pp.330-334
• /
• 1983

The author carried out an experiment to find out the response of gray rock cod, Sebastes inermis (Cuvier et Valenciennes) to the color light. The experimental tank ($360L{\times}50W{\times}55H\;cm$) was set up in a dark room. Six longitudinal sections with 60 cm intervals are marked in the tank to observe the location of the fish. Water depth in the tank was kept 50 cm level. Light bulbs of 20W at the both ends of the tank projected the light horizontally into the tank. Two different colored filters were selected from four colors of red, blue, yellow, and white, and they were placed in front of the light bulbs to make different colors of light. Light intensity were controlled by use of auxiliary filters intercepted between the bulb and the filter. The fishes were acclimatized in the dark for 50 minutes before they were employed in the experiment. Upon turning on the light, the number of fish in each section was counted 40 times in 30 second intervals, and the mean of the number of fish in each section was given as the gathering rate of the fish. The colors favourited by the fish was found in the order of white, blue, yellow and red. The gathering rate of fish on illumination period was small and comparatively fluctuated with stability. The difference of the gathering rates on two different colors of light was much greater, regardless of illumination period, in day time than in night time.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.17 no.3
• /
• pp.191-196
• /
• 1984

The author carried out an experiment to find out the response of filefish, Navodon modestus(Gunther) to the colored lights. The experimental tank($360L{\times}50W{\times}55Hcm$) was set up in a dark room. Six longitudinal sections with 60 cm intervals are marked in the tank to observe the location of the fish. Water depth in the tank was kept 50 cm level. Light bulbs of 20W at the both ends of the tank projected the light horizontally into the tank. Two different colored filters were selected from four colors of red, blue, yellow, and white, and they were placed in front of the light bulbs to make different colors of light. Light intensity were controlled by use of auxiliary filters intercepted between the bulb and the filter. The fishes were acclimatized in the dark for 50 minutes before thor were employed in the experiment. Upon turning on the light, the number of fish in each section was counted 40 times in 30 second intervals, and the mean of the number of fish in each section was given as the gathering rate of the fish. The colors favourited by the fish was found in the order of blue, white, yellow and red. The gathering rate of fish on illumination period was not constant but varied randomly. The difference of the gathering rates on two different colors of light was rather in significant, however the difference was larger in the day time than in the night time.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
• /
• v.22 no.2
• /
• pp.65-70
• /
• 1995

The synthesis of betalain in hairy root cultures of Phytolacca esculenta van Houtte required the light, but the growth of hairy roots was inhibited 5 times under light condition(1500 1X) compared to dark condition. To investigate the growth inhibition of hairy roots under light condition, we surveyed the effects of several antioxidants on growth and betalain production if suspension cultures of hairy roots was increased 1.2-1.4 times under dark condition and 1.3-1.9 times under light condition by the treatment of ascorbic acid, glutathione, $\alpha$-tocopherol, sodium pyrosulfate and propylgallic acid. The betalain production was increased 1.2-2.1 times by antioxidants under light condition. The combination treatment of antioxidants didn't have any significant effect on the growth of hairy roots and betalain synthesis. The antioxidants of the betalain production were more effect under blue light than others. It was discussed that the endogenous oxidants may be produced under blue light.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
• /
• v.29 no.6
• /
• pp.523-529
• /
• 2015

The purpose of this case-series study is to report the effect of Seungmahwangryeontang-gami and facial venesection on Hot flush patients. For this report, two of patients had taken Seungmahwangryeontang-gami for 45 days and the other patient had taken eungmahwangryeontang-gami for 60 days. Also, one of the patients had taken twice facial venesection, and the other two patients had done it three times during the treatment. During this period, we tried to find out that there were objective change and subjective change in reduction of hot flush. We were going to ascertain the subjective change through the change of VAS score. In case of objective change, we used the change of the color which were taken by the Derma Vision. The result of the treatment, each patients' VAS score reduced from 73 to 41, 67 to 44, and 71 to 51. Based on the Derma vision's facial color change, the score of Red and Dark Red, which mean Hot flush, were reduced. On the other hand, that of Blue and Dark Blue were increased. According to the results, we had obtained positive clinic effects from Seungmahwangryeontang-gami and facial venesection on Hot flush patients respectively. Although this report is based on few patients' treatments on hot flush with Seungmahwangryeontang-gami and facial venesection, we can use this result in a good way. However, the limitation of this report is that we can't generalize the following result because of the lack of the cases and we can't present a conclusive evidence which can prove the validity of the Hot flush from the case-series study.