• 한국환경과학회지
• /
• 제25권7호
• /
• pp.989-998
• /
• 2016

In this study, we analyzed the content and compensation factors of 337 cases of national environmental disputes from five recent years (2000~2014). Causes of damage were noise-vibration in 234 cases (69%), sunlight in 48 cases (14%), air pollution in 19 cases (6%), water pollution in 15 cases (4%), odor in 13 cases (4%), and others factors in 8 cases (3%). Sources of damage were construction in 224 cases (66%), structures in 36 cases (11%), vehicle on road in 31 cases (9%), industry in 18 cases (5%), environmental facility in 11 cases (3%), livestock facility in 6 cases (2%), and other sources in 11 cases (3%). From the results of logistic regression analysis, important factors associated with compensation were found to be damage amount, damage distance, zoning districts, source, and administrative disposition.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
• /
• 제37권1호
• /
• pp.50-55
• /
• 2017

In attempt to avoid crop damage through wild bird's picking, this study was designed with aim to evaluate several pre-sowing soybean seed coatings for optimum yield in corn-soybean mixed forage. It was investigated under four cropping treatments, viz. 1) corn sole, 2) corn mixed with soybean without any coating, 3) corn with iron coated soybean and 4) corn with thiram coated soybean. Each treatment had three replicates and corn sole was control treatment. Pioneer (P1184) and crossbred ($PI483463{\times}Hutcheson$) seeds were used for corn and soybean, respectively. The trial was conducted under randomized block design from $5^{th}$ June to $23^{rd}$ September, 2015. Data were an alyzed through ANOVA technique using SAS9.1.3 software. Results depicted that survivability of soybean against wild birds damage was found better (p<0.05) in thiram coating which was higher than iron coating and control treatment but later on thiram coating had adverse effects on subsequent growth of soybean plants. Corn stalk height was decreased (p<0.05) in thiram coating, whereas corn ear height was reduced in iron coating treatment. Iron coating enhanced (p<0.05) height of soybean plant (p<0.05) better than that of thiram coating. Soybean seed coatings didn't influence dry matter yield and nutritive value in terms of total digestible nutrients yield in corn soybean mixed forage. Conclusively, although presowing thiram coating enhanced survivability of soybean plants against wild bird damage but had adverse effects on its subsequent growth. However, soybean seed coatings didn't influence yield and nutritive value of corn soybean intercropping forage.

• 한국농공학회논문집
• /
• 제61권6호
• /
• pp.21-30
• /
• 2019

Livestock odor is comprised of mixed type of odorous compounds. Among these, ammonia ($NH_3$) and hydrogen sulfide ($H_2S$) are the two known major odor causing substances. Because high odor concentration reduces productivity of livestock and causes damage to the surrounding communities, quantitative analysis is needed to manage the odor inside and outside the livestock facilities. It is also necessary to evaluate odor dispersion according to the distance between the receptors taking into account the influence of odor source and weather condition. Therefore, in this study, we tried to evaluate the internal environment and odor dispersion from experimental pig house considering weather conditions. An experimental farm was specifically selected to eliminate the interference of odors generated by adjacent farms. $NH_3$ and complex odor were quantitatively analyzed using a gas detector and air dilution sensory method. The concentration of $NH_3$ and complex odor in pig house showed a distinct concentration difference according to the cleaning and ventilation conditions. $NH_3$ concentration and complex odor was lower than emission standard in the pig house and at the site boundary. The average $NH_3$ concentration (P1~P3) and the $NH_3$ concentration at the site boundary (S1) were strongly correlated with R=0.77. While the correlation for complex odor inside and at the site boundary had R=0.52. The correlation coefficient between $NH_3$ and the complex odor was 0.80.

• 한국안전학회지
• /
• 제26권4호
• /
• pp.34-40
• /
• 2011

This paper is purposed to develop an leakage current detecting system(LCDS) which can prevent electrical fires on breaker capacity expansion as well as ruptures of XL(Extra long) pipelines and power failure by operation of ELB(Earth leakage breaker) at auto water machine in winter. In order to develop LCDS, this paper studied field state investigation, field state experiment, development of leakage alarm system and verification experiments. Field states investigation at livestock companies(10 companies) in cheong-won location to deduce the problems of auto water machine is analyzed. The field state experiment is conducted at B livestock company in cheong won location. The field state experiment method is measured with leakage current when ELB tripped by environment factor(fine, cloudy, and rainy day). The LCDS is developed as MCU(Micro Control Unit) part applied leakage current values at B livestock company. Verification experiments for the leakage current detecting system were conducted by two methods of current supply and field test. Results show that LCDS suggested in this paper are valuable and usable in auto water machine based on environment factor, which will prevent severe damage to human beings and properties and reduce the electrical fires in livestock.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
• /
• 제42권3호
• /
• pp.201-207
• /
• 2022

Fescues, which are widely cultivated as grasses and forages around the world, are often naturally infected with the endophyte, Epichloë. This fungus, transmitted through seeds, imparts resistance to drying and herbivorous insects in its host without causing any external damage, thereby contributing to the adaptation of the host to the environment and maintaining a symbiosis. However, some endophytes, such as E. coenophialum synthesize ergovaline or lolitrem B, which accumulate in the plant and impart anti-mammalian properties. For example, when livestock consume excessive amounts of grass containing toxic endophytes, problems associated with neuromuscular abnormalities, such as convulsions, paralysis, high fever, decreased milk production, reproductive disorders, and even death, can occur. Therefore, pre-inoculation with non-toxic endogenous fungi or management with endophyte-free grass is important in preventing damage to livestock and producing high-quality forage. To date, the diagnosis of endophytes has been mainly performed by observation under a microscope following staining, or by performing an immune blot assay using a monoclonal antibody. Recently, the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based molecular diagnostic method is gaining importance in the fields of agriculture, livestock, and healthcare given the method's advantages. These include faster results, with greater accuracy and sensitivity than those obtained using conventional diagnostic methods. For the diagnosis of endophytes, the nested PCR method is the only available option developed; however, it is limited by the fact that the level of toxic alkaloid synthesis cannot be estimated. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to develop a triplex real-time PCR diagnostic method that can determine the presence or absence of endophyte infection using DNA extracted from seeds within 1 h, while simultaneously detecting easD and LtmC genes, which are related to toxic alkaloid synthesis. This new method was then also applied to real field samples.

• 한국농공학회논문집
• /
• 제54권6호
• /
• pp.45-52
• /
• 2012

Along with global warming, ever intensifying weather events have increased damages to agricultural farms and facilities. The objective of this study was to investigate the spatial distribution and regional characteristics of agricultural damages by extreme weather events. Agricultural disaster statistics provided by the National Emergency Management Agency were summed over for a 13-year period from 1998 to 2010 and used for the spatial analysis. Two indices of damage area ration and property damage per unit area were introduced to quantify regional agricultural damages. As the results, farm inundation accounted for the largest area primarily damaged by typhoons with heavy rainfalls. Most property damages to farm lands originated from farm erosion in the alpine regions by localized guerrilla rains. The two major causes of damages to greenhouse and livestock facilities were typhoon with strong wind and winter blizzards. Gangwon was the province of the largest property loss mostly from farm land erosion losses, followed by Gyeongnam, Jeonnam, and Chungnam where losses to greenhouse and livestock facilities were relatively greater. Property loss per unit area was also the greatest for the Gangwon province (4.91 M\/ha), followed by Gyongnam and Chungnam of 2.20 and 1.50 M\/ha, respectively. Unit loss for greenhouse and livestock facilities was 13.3 M\/ha, approximately 13 times greater than that for farm land (1.06 M\/ha). The study findings indicated the importance of reducing highland farm erosion and reinforcing farming facilities structures for agricultural disaster management.

• 한국동물위생학회지
• /
• 제33권3호
• /
• pp.275-285
• /
• 2010

This study was designed to evaluated the nitrite scavenging activity and protective effect of the Puerariae Radix and green tea extract on lead acetate and cadmium-induced liver damage in mice. The quantitative analytical method for major antioxidants, isoflavones, puerarin, catechine and caffeine in galgun (Puerariae Radix) and green tera extract were established by HPLC. Contents of isoflavones, such as daidzin, genistin, daidzein and genistein were 4.23g/100g, 0.13g/100g, 0.07g/100g, and 0.03g/100g, and puerarin contents was 8.99g/100g, respectively. The total catechins and caffeine contents of green tea extract were 49.24g/100g and 6.53g/100g. The nitrite scavenging ability of galgun extract (pH 1.2, 100mg/ml) was 98.07% and it was higher than those of other extracts. It was the highest at the pH 1.2 and more than 64% in 25~100mg green tea extract, and was dependents on pH and concentration of the samples. The hepatoprotective effects of an aqueous extract from the root of gal gun and standard puerarin were evaluated against lead acetate and cadmium-induced liver damage in mice. Galgun extract and standard at a dose of 100mg/kg and 10mg/kg, 50mg/kg were administered orally once daily for successive 5 days and then a lead acetate and cadmium were orally at 3 hrs after the every day administration of galgun. The substantially elevated serum enzymatic activities of alanine and aspartate aminotransferase were due to lead acetate and cadmium treatment was dose dependently restored to the near normal level. In addition, galgun extract also significantly prevented the elevation of hepatic malon-dialdehyde formation in the liver of lead acetate and cadmium intoxicated mice in a dose-dependent manner. The results of this study clearly indicated that green tea and galgun extracts had nitrite scavenging ability and galgun extract had potent hepato-protective effects against lead acetate and cadmium-induced hepatic damage in mice and standard puerarin was also showed similar to the results of the galgun extracts.

• 한국농공학회논문집
• /
• 제54권1호
• /
• pp.63-72
• /
• 2012

In livestock industry, damage caused by the epidemic diseases such as Foot-and-Mouth Disease (FMD), Highly-Pathogenic-Avian-Influenza (HPAI) and Porcine-Reproductive-and-Respiratory-Syndrome (PRRS) was very serious. The financial loss incurred from FMD alone which occurred on Nov. 2011 in Korea was estimated at 3 billion won, 23 % of annual livestock industry production. The livestock industry in Korea has greater risk of disease infection because of high density production, etc. Investigating the spread of livestock diseases should consider both direct and indirect contact as well as other various factors including airborne. Airborne infection of livestock disease was first hypothesised in the early 1900s, however, field experimental studies are still limited. Furthermore, no protocol is available in detecting airborne viruses in the field. In this study, effective virus samplers were investigated by comparative analysis of the type of samplers used detect to airborne virus. Laboratory experiments were conducted to compare virus samplers such as Bio-sampler, Dust-sampler, Compact-Cascade-Impactor (CCI) and Microflow in detecting PRRSV. Samples were analyzed by Reverse-Transcription PCR to assess the efficiency of the instrument in detecting the airborne virus. First, samples were classified into five levels according to light intensity of gel images and then the classified results were normalized. In every case, Bio-sampler and Dust-sampler were comparable with each other and have shown to be more effective than CCI and Microflow samplers.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• 제66권1호
• /
• pp.57-78
• /
• 2024

In a global context, bacterial diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria have inflicted sustained damage on both humans and animals. Although antibiotics initially appeared to offer an easy treatment for most bacterial infections, the recent rise of multidrug-resistant bacteria, stemming from antibiotic misuse, has prompted regulatory measures to control antibiotic usage. Consequently, various alternatives to antibiotics are being explored, with a particular focus on bacteriophage (phage) therapy for treating bacterial diseases in animals. Animals are broadly categorized into livestock, closely associated with human dietary habits, and companion animals, which have attracted increasing attention. This study highlights phage therapy cases targeting prominent bacterial strains in various animals. In recent years, research on bacteriophages has gained considerable attention, suggesting a promising avenue for developing alternative substances to antibiotics, particularly crucial for addressing challenging bacterial diseases in the future.

• 한국환경보건학회지
• /
• 제37권3호
• /
• pp.173-181
• /
• 2011

Koo-ni Firing Range in Maehyang-ri consisted of a firing range around 'Nong-sum' and a land-based firing range in the nearby coastal area. From 1951, when the US Air Force began field firing, residents of Maehyang-ri suffered damage to health, environment, life and property due to 54 years of field firing and noise. The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of the environmental damage, property loss, and health impairment by reviewing literature and related lawsuits. Environmental damage, the destruction of coastal fisheries and wetlands, would be a result of heavy metal contamination of soil. Fishing restrictions and the confiscation of farmlands caused financial hardship. Errant bombings led to the loss of life and property, including buildings and livestock. As a result, residents repeatedly sued the Republic of Korea for damages. The court decided partially in favor of the plaintiffs. Finally, Koo-ni firing range was closed down in 2005. Through the literature review, it is presumed that the noise caused hearing problems, hypertension, and mental illness. Since earlier studies were confined to a small fragment of the damage, additional studies focused on chronic health hazards are needed.