• 대한한의학회지
• /
• 제26권2호
• /
• pp.217-230
• /
• 2005

Objectives: Chungpaesagan-tang (CPSGT), which is frequently used for treating patients of cerebrovascular disease, has not been reported by clinical doctors concerning the effect of neuronal aptosis caused by brain ischemia. To study the effect of CPSGT on focal cerebral ischemia in normal and diabetic rats and SHR, focal cerebral ischemia was induced by transient MCAO, and after onset CPSGT was administrated. Methods: Rats (Sprague-Dawley) were divided into four groups: sham-operated group, MCA-occluded group, CPSGT­administrated group after MCA occlusion, and normal group. The MCA was occluded by intraluminal method. CPSGT was administrated orally twice (l and 4 hours) after middle cerebral artery occlusion. All groups were sacrificed at 24 hours after the surgery. The brain tissue Was stained with $2\%$ triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) or $1\%$ cresyl violet solution, to examine effect of CPSGT on ischemic brain tissue. The blood samples were obtained from the heart.~. Tumor necrosis $factor-\alpha$ level and interleukin-6 level of serum was measured from sera using enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA). Then changes of immunohistochemical expression of $TNF-\alpha$ in ischemic damaged areas were observed. Results: In NC+MCAO+CP and DM+MCAO+CP, CPSGT significantly (p<0.01) decreased the number of neuron cells compared to the control group. CPSGT markedly reduced (p<0.01) the infarct size of the forebrain in distance from the interaural line on cerebral ischemia in diabetic rats. CPSGT significantly reduced the $TNF-\alpha$ expression in penumbra region of damaged hemisphere in diabetic rats. Conclusions: CPSGT had a protective effect on cerebral ischemia in SD rats, especially in diabetic rats compared with normal SD rats.

• 대한한의학회지
• /
• 제30권3호
• /
• pp.1-14
• /
• 2009

Objectives : Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by neuronal loss and extracellular senile plaque. Moreover, the cellular actions of ${\beta}$-amyloid (A${\beta}$ play a causative role in the pathogenesis of AD. This study was designed to determine whether Woo-Gui-Um, a commonly used Korean herbal medicine, has the ability to protect cortical and hippocampal neurons against A${\beta}_{25-35}$ neurotoxicity Methods : In the present study, the authors investigated the preventative effects of the water extract of Woo-Gui-Um in a mouse model of AD. Memory impairment was induced by intraventricularly (i.c.v.) injecting A${\beta}_{25-35}$ peptides into mice. Woo-Gui-Um extract was then administered orally (p.o.) for 14 days. In addition, A${\beta}_{25-35}$ toxicity on the hippocampus was assessed immunohistochemically, by staining for Tau, MAP2, TUNEL, and Bax, and by performing an in vitro study in PC12 cells. Results : Woo-Gui-Um extract had an effect to improve learning ability and memory score in the water maze task. Woo-Gui-Um extract had significant neuroprotective effects in vivo against oxidative damage and apoptotic cell death of hippocampal neurons caused by i.c.v. A${\beta}_{25-35}$. In addition, Woo-Gui-Um extract was found to have a protective effect on A${\beta}_{25-35}$-induced apoptosis, and to promote neurite outgrowth of nerve growth factor (NGF)-differentiated PC12 cells. Conclusions : These results suggest that Woo-Gui-Um extract reduces memory impairment and Alzheimer's dementia via an anti-apoptotic effect and by regulating Tau and MAP2 in the hippocampus.

• 대한한의학회지
• /
• 제29권1호
• /
• pp.179-191
• /
• 2008

Background and Objectives : Atopic dermatitis is a recurrent or chronic eczematous skin disease with severe pruritus,and has increased in Korea. Although the pathogenic mechanisms of atopic dermatitis are yet unknown, recently skin barrier dysfunction and hyperresponsive Th2 cells in the acute phase have been reported as important mechanisms. Cheonggi-san(CGS) is used in oriental clinics for treatingacute skin lesions of eczema or urticaria. There have been no studies on the therapeutic mechanism of CGS for curing atopic dermatitis. We aimed to find out the therapeutic effects of its internaluse on atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions, induced in NC/Nga mice by the mite antigen D. pteronyssinus and disrupting skin barrier. Materials and Methods : The NC/Nga mice were classified into three groups: control group, atopic dermatitis elicitated group(AD), and CGS treated group (CT). Atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions were induced on the back of female NC/Nga mice, 12 weeks of age, by tape stripping, 5% SDS applied to disrupt skin barrier and painting 3 times a week with D. pteronyssinus crude extract solution for 3 weeks. CT was treated with CGS orally after atopic dermatitis was elicitated. We observed changes of skin damage, mast cells, substance P, angiogenesis, skin barrier, Th2 cell differentiation, nuclear factor-${\kappa}B(NF-{\kappa}B)$ p65 activation and COX-2 in NC/Nga mice with atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions. Results : The skin damages as eczema were seenin AD, but mitigated in CT. The degranulated mast cells in dermal papillae increased in AD, but decreased in CT. The substance P positive reacted cells in CT remarkably decreased. The angiogenesis increased in AD, but decreased in CT. The decrease of lipid deposition and ceramide in AD was seen, but anincrease of lipid deposition and ceramide in CT was seen. The distribution of IL-4 positive reacted cells in dermal papillae increased in AD, but decreased in CT. The distribution of NF-${\kappa}B$ p65 positive reacted cells & COX-2 positive reacted cells in CT decreased. Conclusion : The results may suggest that the CGS per os decreases the dysfunction of the skin barrier, inhibits Th2 cell differentiation and inhibits NF-${\kappa}B$ p65 activation in NC/Nga mice with atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
• /
• 제14권11호
• /
• pp.644-656
• /
• 2014

최근 들어 이어지는 대형 안전사고는 공공 및 민간 영역에 걸쳐 발생하는 가운데, 초동 대처의 부실로 인해 많은 인명과 재산의 손실을 가져오고 있다. 부지불식간에 비상사태가 발생할 경우 신속한 신고 접수 및 정확한 현장 상황 전파와 같은 초기 대응만 제대로 이루어진다면 그 피해를 최소화할 수 있다. 이러한 안전사고와 재난 재해로부터 선제적 대응 및 예방에 스마트폰 기반 모바일 재난관련 앱의 역할이 중요해지고 있다. 이러한 관점에서 본 연구는 재난에 효과적으로 대처하기 위해 개발된 국내 재난관련 공공 앱서비스의 현황 및 이용 실태를 조사하였다. 재난 안전 분야 공공 앱은 보급 초창기로 사용자들에게 어떠한 요인이 앱 서비스의 이용에 중요한 영향을 미치는지를 밝히고자 하였다. 이를 토대로 현재 운용중인 재난관련 공공 앱의 문제점과 개선 방향을 제시하고, 향후 개발되어질 공공 앱의 서비스 방향과 이용 활성화 방안을 모색하고자 하였다. 연구결과, 사용자 측면의 신속성과 콘텐츠 측면의 신뢰도가 재난앱 활성화를 위해 가장 시급하고도 중요도 높은 요인으로 도출되었다.

• 복식
• /
• 제59권3호
• /
• pp.157-165
• /
• 2009

This study intends to discuss the efficient stage costume design that uses costume-rentals and production method as a realistic alternative for production of stage costume of low budget performance. Directly participating in the costume design and production of the performance , this researcher applied the methodology of corroborative study on the basis of production process and results by referring to the papers and literature published by academic society for the theory necessary for study. Centering around the western costume in the stage costumes of , the scope of study was the costume of Paris, France prevalent at the end of the 19th century which is epochal background of performance. In spite of its merit of reducing production charge and production in the low budget performance, costume-rentals is subject to the lack of considering unitγ with other visual factors and limit in reflecting the creativity of costume designer. The following actions shall be taken to solve such problem. First, it is essential to set production direction and plan that meets budget and work concept. Second, it is required to highlight the characteristic factor of the age which is the background of work so as to grant the sense of age and to produce the visual unity of costume by supplementing the costume composition. Third, it is necessary to make large effect with low lost by using costume articles that can express the characteristics of the age. Fourth, it is required to efficiently reflect the transformation of design by minimizing the damage of costume through research on the sewing method and materials as well as creative idea. In this way, the efficient stage costume could be realized in the performance with low budget by approaching costume-rentals in the viewpoint of costume design, transforming it in accordance with work concept and adding the visual factors.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
• /
• 제10권2호
• /
• pp.201-212
• /
• 2006

Purpose : Vesicoureteral reflux(VUR) is the major risk factor of urinary tract infection(UTI) in children and may result in serious complications such as renal scarring and chronic renal failure. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between VUR and renal scar formation, the usefulness and correlation of various imaging studies in reflux nephropathy, and the spontaneous resolution of VUR. Methods : We retrospectively reviewed 106 patients with VUR with no accompanying urogenital anomalies in the Department of Pediatrics, Bundang CHA Hospital during the period from Jan. 1996 to Mar. 2005. Ultrasonography and $^{99m}Tc$-dimercaptosuccinic acid(DMSA) scan were performed in the acute period of UTI. Voiding cystourethrography(VCUG) was performed 1 to 3 weeks after treatment with UTI. Follow-up DMSA scan was performed 4 to 6 months after treatment and a follow-up VCUG was performed every 12 months. Results : The mean age at detection of VUR was $13.8{\pm}22.2$ months and the male to female ratio was 2:1. The incidence of renal scarring showed a tendency of direct correlation between severity of VUR(P<0.001) and abnormal findings of renal ultrasonography(P<0.01). 63.2%(24 of 38 renal units) of renal parenchymal defects present in the first DMSA scan disappeared on follow-up DMSA scans. Follow-up DMSA scans detected renal scars in 7(14%) of 50 renal units with ultrasonographically normal kidneys. Meanwhile, ultrasonography did not show parenchymal defects in 7(36.8%) of 19 renal units where renal scarring was demonstrated on a follow-up DMSA scan. The spontaneous resolution rate of VUR was higher(75%) in cases with low grade(I to III) VUR(P<0.01). Conclusions : The presence and severity of VUR and abnormal findings of renal ultrasonography significantly correlated with renal scar formation. DMSA scan was useful in the diagnosis of renal defects. Meanwhile renal ultrasonography was an inadequate method for evaluating renal parenchymal damage. Therefore, follow-up DMSA scans should be performed to detect renal scars even in children with low-grade VUR and normal renal ultrasonography.

• 동의생리병리학회지
• /
• 제18권2호
• /
• pp.507-516
• /
• 2004

Alzheimer's disease(AD) is a geriatric dementia that is widespread in old age. In the near future AD will be the commom disease in public health service. Although a variety of oriental presciptions in study POD(Polygala tenuifolia extracted from dichlorometan) have been traditionally utilized for the treatment of AD, their pharmacological effects and action mechanisms have not yet fully elucidated. It has been widely believed that AP peptide divided from APP causes apoptotic neurotoxicity in AD brain. However, recent evidence suggests that CT105, carboxy terminal 105 aminoacids peptide fragment of APP, may be an important factor causing neurotoxicity in AD. SK-N-SH cells expressed with CT105 exhibited remarkable apoptotic cell damage. Based on morphological observations by phase contrast microscope and NO formation in the culture media, the CT105-induced cell death was significantly inhibited by POD. In addition, AD is one of brain degeneration disease. So We studied on herbal medicine that have a relation of brain degeneration. From old times, In Oriental Medicine, PO water extract has been used for disease in relation to brain degeneration. We were examined by ROS formation, neurite outgrowth assay and DPPH scravage assay. Additionally, we investigated the association between the CT105 and neurite degeneration caused by CT105-induced apoptotic response in neurone cells. We studied on the regeneratory and inhibitory effects of anti-Alzheimer disease in pCT105-induced neuroblastoma cell lines by POD. Findings from our experiments have shown that POD inhibits the synthesis or activities of CT105, which has neurotoxityies and apoptotic activities in cell line. In addition, treatment of POD(>50 ㎍/㎖ for 12 hours) partially prevented CT(105)-induced cytotoxicity in SK-N-SH cell lines, and were inhibited by the treatment with its. POD(>50 ㎍/㎖ for 12 hours) repaired CT105-induced neurite outgrowth when SK-N-SH cell lines was transfected with CT105. As the result of this study, In POD group, the apoptosis in the nervous system is inhibited, the repair against the degerneration of Neuroblastoma cells by CT105 expression is promoted. Decrease of memory induced by injection of scopolamin into rat was also attenuted by POD, based on passive avoidance test. Taken together, POD exhibited inhibition of CT105-induced apoptotic cell death. POD was found to reduce the activity of AchE and induced about the CA1 in rat hippocampus. Base on these findings, POD may be beneficial for the treatment of AD.

• 대한토목학회논문집
• /
• 제37권3호
• /
• pp.585-592
• /
• 2017

도심 내 매설된 대다수의 하수관로는 노후가 심각하게 진행되어 파손의 가능성이 높다. 또한, 도시개발의 집중도가 높아 인구밀도나 통행량이 많으므로 하수관로가 붕괴되면 사회 경제적으로 막대한 피해를 입게 된다. 따라서 관로 파손에 의한 사고를 예방하기 위해 사전적인 유지관리가 필요하며, 한정된 재원의 효율적인 활용을 위해 파손의 가능성과 피해의 규모를 동시에 고려한 위험도 기반의 우선순위 결정방안이 제시되어야 한다. 본 연구에서는, 다양한 해외 연구사례를 검토하여 위험도 기반의 하수관로의 조사 우선순위 결정 방법을 도출하였고 도심지 배수분구에 적용 검토하였다. 우선, 서울시 하수관로 GIS DB를 통해 확보 가능한 영향인자를 도출하고, 각 영향인자들의 가중치, 구분항목, 영향점수를 결정하여 가중치 환산법으로 하수관로 파손결과를 산정하였다. 또한, 하수관로의 예상 내용연수 대비 사용연수를 계산하여 파손가능성을 도출하였으며, 내츄럴 브레이크 방법으로 파손결과와 파손가능성을 5등급으로 구분하였다. 위 방법을 서울시 내 위치한 소규모 배수분구에 적용하여 위험도 매트릭스와 위험도 등급을 도출하였으며, 그 결과 전체 대상의 26%가 위험도 4-5등급인 CCTV조사 우선대상으로 선정되었다. 따라서 위험도 기반의 CCTV 우선순위 결정방법을 활용하여 조사가 우선적으로 필요한 대상을 체계적으로 결정할 수 있을 것이다.

• 보존과학회지
• /
• 제32권3호
• /
• pp.395-402
• /
• 2016

수변에 위치한 신륵사를 대상으로 대규모 치수 사업이 주변 환경(온 습도, 강수량, 풍속, 시정현천)에 미치는 영향을 모니터링 하였고, 문화재의 손상을 유발할 수 있는 환경 인자로 안개일수를 도출하였다. 보 건설 이후 여주 이천지역의 월별 상대습도가 최대 9.6% 감소하였는데 이는 해당 연도의 강우일수 및 강수량의 감소에 의한 것이다. 남한강에 인접한 신륵사는 100 m 이내의 수변과의 거리, 평균 풍속 0.5 m/s의 안개발생 요인들로 안개가 발생하고 유지되기 좋은 입지 환경을 갖고 있다. 신륵사의 안개 발생일수를 보 설치기간에 따라 비교한 결과, 설치 직후 발생일이 53일 감소하였다. 안개 발생시 공간에 따른 상대습도는 외부, 조사당 외부, 조사당 내부 순으로 높았고, 조사당 외부와 내부의 차이는 평균 5.4%로 확인되었다. 계절별, 공간별 모두 안개가 발생하는 날의 상대습도가 맑은 날 대비 평균 6.3% 높았다. 남한강의 강폭 면적이 보 건설 전 대비 건설 후 1.45배 증가하여 향후 증발량 증가에 따른 안개발생일수 변화가 예측됨에 따라 안개 발생과 상대습도에 대한 장기적인 모니터링이 요구된다.

• 한국터널지하공간학회 논문집
• /
• 제20권1호
• /
• pp.83-97
• /
• 2018

터널은 도로, 철도, 지하철과 같은 교통의 통로이자 수로, 전력구, 비축기지와 같은 특수목적을 위해 널리 활용되고 있으며, 터널의 사용 목적, 주변 지반조건 및 경제성에 따라 다양한 터널 형상으로 시공되고 있다. 이에 대해 기존 터널과 주변지반 및 구조물에 관한 연구는 꾸준하게 발표되었으나 단일 형상에 대해 터널굴착 시 주변 지반과 구조물의 거동을 분석한 연구들이 대다수이다. 터널의 붕괴사고는 지상 구조물의 붕괴사고 보다 막대한 인적, 물적 손실을 가져오기 때문에 터널 굴착 및 주변지반의 거동을 관측하고 분석하는 작업은 매우 중요하며, 단일 형상이 아닌 다양한 터널 형상에 대한 연구가 필요할 것으로 판단된다. 따라서, 본 연구는 trapdoor장치를 이용한 실내 모형시험을 통해 군말뚝 하부에 터널 정거장 굴착 시 주변지반의 거동을 측정하였다. 이때 터널 정거장 형상의 단면을 arch와 box 형태로 제작하였으며, 각 터널 정거장 형상 별 0.1B, 0.25B, 0.4B로 터널과 군말뚝 간 이격거리를 다르게 하여 다양한 조건에서의 지반거동을 분석하였다. 또한, 근거리 사진계측 및 이미지프로세싱 기법을 통해 지반의 거동을 관측하였으며, 유한요소 수치해석을 통해 실내 모형시험, 근거리 사진계측의 결과와 비교 분석하였다.