• 한국동물학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.7-15
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• 1966

In a previous paper, the dirunal and monthly changes of the tidal flat temperature and chlorinity were observed. In this paper the resistance of the young short necked clam in various growth stages to the temperature, to the chlorinity and to the exposure were studies. The young clam used were in early (E), medium (M) and late (L) young stages whose shell lengths were 2.0-3.5mm, 9.0-11.0mm. and 14.0-16.0mm., respectively. The results were : 1. At various sea water temperatures , the chlorinity resistance of the young clam was directly proportional to the shell length. 2. When both inadequate sea water temperature and abnormal chlorinity are simultaneously applied, the resistance of these young clams was more markedly reduced than the case of applying either one of these conditions. 3. In clams of M and L, no lethal effect were observed when daily immersion of four to eight hours for a week into the sea water of any concentration of chloriity at 26-34$^{\circ}C$, whereas in E, 37-90% of mortalities were obtained by immersion of eight hours daily into both the fresh water and the sea water of higher chloriniites (more than 23.5$\textperthousand$ Cl) at the same temperature above. 4. The lower critical thermal maximum for lethal to the young clam was 38$^{\circ}C$. With four hours immersion daily at the water temperature of 38$^{\circ}C$, the mortalities of E, M and L to the lower chlorinities (less than 6.7$\textperthousand$Cl) were 100, 70-100 and 27-37% respectively ; to the higher chlorinities (more than 23.5$\textperthousand$Cl) 10-70, 10-37 and 3 % respectively ; to the normal range of chlorinities (13.4-16.8$\textperthousand$Cl) 0-13, 3 and 0 % respectively. 5. No lethal effects were observed in E and M clams immersed continuously for seven days in sea water with chlornities of 7.2 -21.7$\textperthousand$Cl at 18-24$^{\circ}C$, while notable mortalities were observed in E which had been kept at lower (less than 4.8$\textperthousand$ Cl) and higher (more than 24.1$\textperthousand$ Cl) chlorinites. 6. Although the resistance of the young clam to the chlorinity may have to be related closely to the life history of the clam prior subject to the experiment, the adapted chlorinity range was 7.2-19.3$\textperthousand$ Cl and the optimum range was 13.4-16.8$\textperthousand$Cl. 7. Remarkable lethal effects were observed for the E and M clams to the exposure temperature of 38$^{\circ}C$ whereas the L and had no such fatal results.

• 한국기후변화학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.109-123
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• 2017

The effects of recent climate change on hydrological systems could affect the Winter Olympic Games (WOG) because the event is dependent on suitable snow and ice conditions to support elite-level competitions. We investigate the long-term variability and change in winter total precipitation (P), snowfall water equivalent (SFE), and ratios of SFE to P during the period 1973/74~2015/16 in Gangwon province. The climatological percentages of SFE relative to winter total precipitation were 71%, 28%, and 44% in Daegwallyeong, Chuncheon, and Gangneung, respectively. The winter total P, SFE, and SFE/P has decreased (but not significantly), although significant increases of winter maximum and minimum temperature were detected at a 95% confidence level. Notably, a significant negative trend of SFE/P at Daegwallyeong in February, the month of the WOG, was attributable to a larger decrease in SFE related to the increases in maximum and minimum temperature. Winter wet-day minimum temperatures were warmer than climatological minimum temperatures averaged over the study period. The 20-year return values of daily maximum P and SFE decreased in Yongdong area. Since the SFE/P decrease with increasing temperature, the probability of rainfall rather than snowfall can increase if global warming continues.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제29권8호
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• pp.1207-1213
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• 2016

Heat stress negatively affects milk quality altering its nutritive value and cheese making properties. This study aimed at assessing the impact of seasonal microclimatic conditions on milk quality of Friesian cows. The study was carried out in a dairy farm from June 2013 to May 2014 at Beni-Suef province, Egypt. Inside the barn daily ambient temperature and relative humidity were recorded and used to calculate the daily maximum temperature-humidity index (mxTHI), which was used as indicator of the degree of heat stress. The study was carried out in three periods according to the temperature-humidity index (THI) recorded: from June 2013 to September 2013 (mxTHI>78), from October 2013 to November 2013 (mxTHI 72-78) and from December 2013 to April 2014 (mxTHI<72). Eighty Friesian lactating dairy cows were monitored in each period. The three groups of cows were balanced for days in milk and parity. Milk quality data referred to somatic cell count, total coliform count (TCC), faecal coliform count (FCC), Escherichia coli count, percentage of E. coli, and Staphylococcus aureus, percentage of fat, protein, lactose, total solid and solid non-fat. Increasing THI was associated with a significant decrease in all milk main components. An increase of TCC, FCC, and E. coli count from mxTHI<72 to mxTHI>78 was observed. In addition, the isolation rate of both S. aureus and E. coli increased when the mxTHI increased. The results of this study show the seriousness of the negative effects of hot conditions on milk composition and mammary gland pathogens. These facts warrant the importance of adopting mitigation strategies to alleviate negative consequences of heat stress in dairy cows and for limiting related economic losses.

• 대기
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.195-207
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• 2020

This study aims to introduce the structure of the impact-based heat health warning system on 165 counties in South Korea developed by the National Institute of Meteorological Sciences. This system was developed using the daily maximum perceived temperature (PTmax), which is a human physiology-based thermal comfort index, and the Local ENSemble prediction system for the probability forecasts. Also, A risk matrix proposed by the World Meteorological Organization was employed for the impact-based forecasts of this system. The threshold value of the risk matrix was separately set depending on regions. In this system, the risk level was issued as four levels (GREEN, YELLOW, ORANGE, RED) for first, second, and third forecast lead-day (LD1, LD2, and LD3). The daily risk level issued by the system was evaluated using emergency heat-related patients obtained at six cities, including Seoul, Incheon, Daejeon, Gwangju, Daegu, and Busan, for LD1 to LD3. The high-risks level occurred more consistently in the shorter lead time (LD3 → LD1) and the performance (r_s) was increased from 0.42 (LD3) to 0.45 (LD1) in all cities. Especially, it showed good performance (r_s = 0.51) in July and August, when heat stress is highest in South Korea. From an impact-based forecasting perspective, PTmax is one of the most suitable temperature indicators for issuing the health risk warnings by heat in South Korea.

• 한국지리정보학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.197-214
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• 2019

본 연구에서는 Terra/Aqua MODIS LST(Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer Land Surface Temperature)의 Daytime, Nighttime 자료와 기상청 기상관측소 86개 지점에 대한 최고, 최저 및 평균기온을 이용하여 두 자료 사이의 상관성을 분석하고, 한파 및 폭염 발생 기간의 특성을 집중적으로 분석하였다. 모든 자료는 2008년부터 2018년까지 총 11년간 일별로 구축하였으며, Pearson 상관계수(Pearson correlation coefficient, R)와 평균제곱근오차(Root Mean Square Error, RMSE)를 이용하여 상관성 분석을 수행하였다. 시계열 분석 결과, 대상 기간 전체에서 기온과 MODIS LST 간의 변동 양상은 유사하였고, 최고 기온과 MODIS 자료의 R 0.9 이상, 평균기온과 최저 기온과는 0.8 이상으로 기온과 MODIS LST 사이의 상관성은 높은 것으로 나타났다. 특히, 최고 기온은 Terra MODIS LST Daytime과 정확도가 제일 높고, 최저 기온은 Terra MODIS LST Nighttime과 상관성이 제일 높은 것으로 분석되었다. 한파 기간에는 Terra/Aqua MODIS 모두 주간 자료보다 야간 자료의 상관성이 더 높은 것으로 분석되었으며, 특히 Terra MODIS LST Nighttime과의 상관성이 좋은 것으로 분석되었다. 폭염 기간에는 Aqua MODIS LST Daytime 자료가 가장 좋은 것으로 분석되었으나, 전체적인 R이 0.5보다 낮아 추후 활용을 위해서는 식생이나 토지이용, 고도 등 다른 요소를 활용한 추가 분석이 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제59권1호
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• pp.89-96
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• 2014

1980년부터 2012년까지의 전국 92개소의 기상청 기상자료를 수집하고 전국의 감자 지역적응시험 성적을 수집하였다. 이 데이터들을 활용하여 기상요소가 감자수량에 미쳤던 영향을 평가하고 기상자료를 활용, 감자 수량을 예측해 보고자 하였다. 노지 무피복 재배 수미감자를 대상으로 전국 17지역의 86개 지역적응시험 성적을 추출하여 해당지역의 기상요소들간 상관계수를 조사한 결과, 감자의 상서수량은 파종일부터 50일간의 평균기온, 최고기온 및 일교차와 고도의 상관이 나타났고, 수확 50일전부터 수확일까지의 최고기온과도 고도의 상관이 있었으며, 수확 30일전부터 10일전까지의 강수량, 상대습도, 일조시간 및 강수일수도 높은 상관이 나타났다. 이들 시기별 기상요소들과 감자 상서수량간의 관계를 통계분석 프로그램 SAS를 이용하여 단계분석(Stepwise)한 결과, 다음과 같은 감자 수량예측 모형을 얻을 수 있었다. $$y=7.820{\times}Tmax_-1-6.315{\times}Prec_-4+128.214{\times}DR_-8+91.762{\times}DR_-3+643.965$$ 감자는 품종마다 기상에 대한 반응이 다르고, 기상 이외에도 토양, 비료, 재배방법 등 여러가지 가능한 요인들이 존재하므로 이 모형만으로 우리나라 지역별 감자수량을 정확히 예측할 수는 없겠으나, 기후변화에 적응하는 농업기술개발을 위한 지역별 감자 파종적기 재설정, 재배적지 탐색 등에 활용할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.293-297
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• 1999

Based on the monthly weather report of Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA) and daily sea surface temperature (SST) in Incheon harbor of National Fisheries Research and Development Institute, heat budget in Incheon coastal area was estimated. The temperature differences between the sea surface and near bottom were nearly within 1$^{\circ}C$. This indicate the mixing from the sea surface and the bottom. The net heat flux through the sea surface and the advection through the inner and outer bay was affected uniformly to the water body in Incheon coastal area. The net heat flux was about 110W/$m^2$ in maximum value on May, about -80W/$m^2$ in minimum on January. The net heat flux through the sea surface from the solar radiation was about 2.35$\times$${10}^5$W during the year. This heat flux flew out the bay through the advection by the same flux.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2017년도 추계 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.39-40
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• 2017

This study aims to evaluate the humidity control performance of low-priced generic ceramic panels that are used to control humidity. Temperature and humidity are monitored by using 'Living Lab' and the change of indoor relative humidity is measured and analyzed. According to the results of the study, the indoor relative humidity of rooms installed with ceramic panels was found to be low compared to that of living rooms by 2.2%RH (test period) and 3.2%RH (daily). In the case of maximum relative humidity, rooms installed with ceramic panels were found to be low by 6.9%RH. The results are attributable to the humidity absorption of ceramic panels. Accordingly, future ceramic panels need the improvement of performance and an appropriate construction area should be derived depending on indoor space.

• 한국농림기상학회지
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.200-207
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• 2003

온도기반 생태모형을 경관규모에 적용하기 위해 널리 쓰이는 BioSIM을 우리나라 환경에 도입할 경우 예상되는 문제점을 파악하기 위해 먼저 일 최고기온 추정과정을 검토하였다. 과열지수 대신 사용되는 개방도의 신뢰성을 검증하기 위해 전라북도 순창군 동계면 전역을 대상으로 10${\times}$10m 면적 단위로 총 57만여 개 지점의 개방도를 계산하고, 같은 지점에 대해 추분, 하지, 동짓날의 과열지수를 계산하였다. 각 날짜별 과열지수의 변이를 개방도에 의해 설명하기 위한 2차 회귀식을 작성한 바 회귀식의 결정계수($R^2$)는 동지에 0.44, 하지에 0.50, 추분에 0.56으로 Regniere(1996)의 추정치 0.7-0.9에 비해 크게 낮았다. 따라서 개방도를 사용하여 추정된 복잡지형의 일 최고기온값은 신뢰도가 낮아 생태모형의 구동변수로 부적합하므로 반드시 과열지수를 직접 계산해서 사용해야 한다.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.311-311
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• 2017

The relationships between rice grain filling and air temperature of maturing period in paddy field were analyzed to evaluate the effects of climatic change on rice productivity in Korea. Data of air temperature of 31, 41 and 51 days after heading(DAH) for 11 years from 2002 to 2016 were collected and analyzed to determine the effects on rice yield and yield component related traits of Chucheogbyeo, popular cultivar in Gyeonggi province in Korea. As the results, ripening ratio was closely correlated with the mean of daily maximum temperature (DMAT $r=0.71^*$), the mean of daily temperature difference (DTD, $r=0.67^*$) of 41 DAH and DTD ($0.65^*$) of 51 DAH. Weight of 1,000 paddy rice grains was closely correlated with accumulated sunshine hours (ASH) of 31 ($r=0.84^{**}$), 41 ($r=0.75^{**}$), 51 ($r=0.72^*$) DAH. Brown rice grain weight recovery ratio was closely correlated with DTD ($r=0.76^{**}$) and ASH ($r=0.84^{**}$) of 31 DAH, DMAT ($r=0.75^{**}$, $r=0.79^{**}$), DTD ($r=0.79^{**}$, $r=0.77^{**}$) and ASH ($r=0.81^{**}$, $r=0.79^{**}$) of 41 and 51 DAH. Paddy rice yield was closely correlated with MDT ($r=-0.63^*$) of 31 DAH, mean of daily minimum temperature (DMIT, $r=-0.83^{**}$, $r=-0.70^*$), DTD ($r=0.71^*$, $r=0.62^*$) of 31 and 41 DAH. Brown rice yield was correlated closely with DMIT ($r=-0.86^{**}$, $r=-0.73^*$) and DTD ($r=0.80^{**}$, $r=0.72^*$) of 31, 41 DAH, and DTD ($r=0.69^*$) of 51 DAH. Milled rice yield was correlated closely with DMIT ($r=-86^{**}$, $r=-0.73^*$), DTD ($r=0.79^{**}$, $r=0.71^*$) of 31, 41 DAH, and DTD ($r=0.68^*$) of 51 DAH.