• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제27권10호
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• pp.1443-1451
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• 2014

Increasing cost and scarcity of maize has stimulated the use of alternative feed sources (AFS) in the diets of cattle. In this study, we investigated the effects of partial or total replacement of maize on nutrient digestibility, growth performance, blood metabolites, and economics in Limousin crossbred feedlot cattle. Forty-five $Limousin{\times}Luxi$ crossbred bulls were randomly assigned to the three treatment groups, orthodox diet (OD; 45.0% maize), partial replacement diet (PRD; 15% maize, 67% AFS), total replacement diet (TRD; 0% maize, 100% AFS). The growth feeding trial lasted for 98 days. Dry matter intake (DMI) and average daily gain (ADG) were recorded. The digestion trial was carried out after the end of the growth trial. Total faeces and feed samples were measured daily. Digestibilities of dry matter (DM) and organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) were calculated. After the feeding trial, blood metabolites were measured in 12 animals from each group. Initial and final body weights did not differ significantly among treatment groups (p>0.05). The ADG and DMI were 1.72 and 8.66, 1.60 and 9.10, and 1.40 and 9.11 kg/d for OD, PRD, and TRD, respectively. The PRD and TRD exhibited lower ADG (p<0.01) and higher DMI (p<0.01) than OD. The DMI (%body weight) was comparable between groups (p>0.5). Feed efficiency of PRD and TRD were lower than OD (p<0.01). The DM digestibility decreased with reduced level of maize (p = 0.10), OM digestibility was higher in OD (p<0.05), and CP, NDF and ADF digestibilities were similar for all groups (p>0.05). Blood urea nitrogen (mg/dL) in PRD and TRD was higher than OD (p<0.01), while other blood parameters did not differ significantly. Feed costs ($/head/d) were 1.49, 0.98, and 0.72 for OD, PRD, and TRD, respectively (p<0.01). Feed costs per kg gain ($) were significantly lower for PRD (0.63) and TRD (0.54) than OD (0.89; p<0.01). Overall profit ($/head) and daily profit ($/head/d) did not differ significantly between treatments (p>0.05), although TRD showed the highest economic benefits overall (p<0.01). While a traditional diet maximized the growth rate, partial or total replacement of dietary maize with AFS proved economically feasible due to their lower costs and comparable nutrient digestibilities of DM, CP, NDF, and ADF. Partial replacement may prove economically competitive in the current situation of China.

• 한국의사학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.43-56
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• 2011

Everyone once in a life experience headaches as symptoms are very common. According to a study in a country of more than a week and as many as those who have experienced a headache amounts to 69.4%. In addition, the high reported prevalence of migraine in 30s for 80% of all migraine sufferers daily life interfere with work or was affected. In Western medicine, the cause of headaches is traction or deformation of pain induced tissue like scalp, subcutaneous tissue, muscle, fascia, extracranial arteriovenous, nerves, periosteum. But it turns out there are not cause why pain induced tissue is being tracted or deformated. Therefore, most of the western-therapy is mainly conducted with regimen for a temporary symptom reduction. Therefore, I examined how it has been developed in Chinese Ming Dynasty, the perception of headache, change in disease stage and an etiological cause. Oriental medicine in the treatment of headache is a more fundamental way to have an excellent treatment. The recognition of head in "素問($s{\grave{u}}$ $w{\grave{e}}n$)" and "靈樞($l{\acute{i}}ng$ $sh{\bar{u}}$)" began to appear in 'Soul-神($sh{\acute{e}}n$) dwelling place' and 'where to gather all the Yang-'諸陽之會($zh{\bar{u}}$ $y{\acute{a}}ng$ $zh{\bar{i}}$ $hu{\grave{i}}$)'. Also, head was recognized as '六腑($li{\grave{u}}f{\check{u}}$) 淸陽之氣($q{\bar{i}}ng$ $y{\acute{a}}ng$ $zh{\bar{i}}$ $q{\grave{i}}$) and 五臟($w{\check{u}}$ $z{\grave{a}}ng$) 精血($j{\bar{i}}ng$ $xu{\grave{e}}$) gathering place'. More specific structures such as the brain is considered a sea of marrow(髓海-$su{\check{i}}$ $h{\check{a}}i$) in "內經($n{\grave{e}}i$ $j{\bar{i}}ng$)" and came to recognized place where a stroke occurs. Accompanying development of the recognition about head, there had been changed about the perception of headache and the recognition of the cause and mechanism of headache. And the recognition of headache began to be completed in Ming Dynasty through Jin, Yuan Dynasty. Chinese Ming Dynasty, specially 樓英($l{\acute{o}}u$ $y{\bar{i}}ng$), in "醫學綱目($y{\bar{i}}xu{\acute{e}}$ $g{\bar{a}}ngm{\grave{u}}$)", first enumerated prescription in detail by separating postpartum headache. and proposed treatment of headache especially due to postpartum sepsis(敗血-$b{\grave{a}}i$ $xu{\grave{e}}$). 許浚($x{\check{u}}$ $j{\grave{u}}n$) accepted a variety of views without impartial opinion in explaining one kind of headache in "東醫寶鑑($d{\bar{o}}ng-y{\bar{i}}$ $b{\check{a}}oji{\grave{a}}n)$" 張景岳($zh{\bar{a}}ng$ $j{\check{i}}ng$ $yu{\grave{e}}$), in "景岳全書($j{\check{i}}ng$ $yu{\grave{e}}$ $qu{\acute{a}}nsh{\bar{u}}$)", established his own unique classification system-新舊表裏($x{\bar{i}}nji{\grave{u}}$ $bi{\check{a}}ol{\check{i}}$)-, and offered a clear way even in treatment. Acupuncture treatment of headache in the choice of meridian has been developed as a single acupuncture point. Using the classification of headache to come for future generation as a way of locating acupoints were developed. Chinese Ming Dynasty, there are special treatments like 導引按蹻法($d{\check{a}}o$ y ${\check{i}}n$ ${\grave{a}}n$ $ji{\check{a}}o$ $f{\check{a}}$), 搐鼻法($ch{\grave{u}}$ $b{\acute{i}}$ $f{\check{a}})$, 吐法($t{\check{u}}$ $f{\check{a}}$), 外貼法($w{\grave{a}}i$ $ti{\bar{e}}$ $f{\check{a}}$), 熨法($y{\grave{u}}n$ $f{\check{a}}$), 點眼法($di{\check{a}}n$ $y{\check{a}}n$ $f{\check{a}}$), 熏蒸法($x{\bar{u}}nzh{\bar{e}}ng$ $f{\check{a}}$), 香氣療法($xi{\bar{a}}ngq{\grave{i}}$ $li{\acute{a}}of{\check{a}}$). Most of this therapy in the treatment of headache, it is not used here, but if you use a good fit for today's environment can make a difference.

• 정신신체의학
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.115-125
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• 1995

Reports about the prevalence of premenstrual symptoms state that occurs in 20 to 100% of most reproductive-age women. There is a close association between premenstrual syndrome and affective disorders as well as same some other psychiatric disorders. Late luteal phase dysphoric disorder (LLPDD) is a premenstrual condition defined in DSM-III-R by severe mood changes and other symptoms that repeatedly occur only in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. However, DSM-III-R does not specify how to compute the change from the follicular to the luteal phase or how to determine when the amount of change is great enough to warrant the diagnosis nor how to determine occupational or social functional impairment. This study was conducted to evaluate the nature, severity and magnitude of premenstrual syndrome in women with current psychiatric disorders by using prospective Daily Rating Form(DRF), and to measure symptom changes according to three scoring methods for diagnosing LLPDD. Our study obtains the data about premenstrual changes estimated by DRF from 22 women with psychiatric disorders who had met criteria for major depressive syndrome on the Premenstrual Assessment Form (PAF). The data was scored by each three methods and was determined to meet criteria A for LLPDD. The results are as follows: 1) the subjects, when scored according to the percent change method, effect size method and absolute severity method, met the DSM-III-R criteria A for LLPDD in 36.4% (8 subjects), 14% (3 subjects) and 4.5% (1 subject) of the cases respectively. 2) The items of irritability, anger and impatience were occurred most frequently on the DRF, when it was scored according to the three scoring methods. And the item of breast pain was next frequent according to the effect size method and the percent change method but according to the absolute severity method. 3) The PAF item of impaired social functioning was reported by 16 (73%) of the subjects. 4) 4 (18%) of the subjects met criteria A for LLPDD and reported impaired social functioning. The prevalency of LLPDD according to each method varied. The percent change method yielded the greatest (36.4%), and the absolute seventy method yielded the laest (4.5%), The effect size method yielded an intermediate frequency (14%). Therefore, for maximizing the diagnostic accuracy of LLPDD, a diagnostic procedure including a measure of change (e.q., effect size method, percent change method) as well as confirmed diagnosis by DRF, will be needed. Also, an accurate tool to evaluate impaired social functioning will be required.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.119-122
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• 2013

암컷, 9개월, 2.2 kg의 단모종 고양이가 2주간의 심한 변비 증상을 주증으로 내원하였다. 보호자 보고에서 증상 발생 4개월 전 골반 골절이 있었음을 확인 하였다. 신체 검사에서 이급후중 및 오른쪽 고관절의 운동 제한을 확인 하였고, 직장 검사에서 양측 관골구의 내측 돌출과 치골의 배측 변위를 동반한 골반 강 협착을 확인할 수 있었다. 방사선 검사에서 확장 된 대장과 골반 강의 비정상적 구조를 동반한 골반 강 협착을 확인 하였다. 배변 유연제와 관장을 이용한 보존적 치료를 실시하였으나 심한 변비 증상이 개선 되지 않았다. 장골, 좌골, 치골, 관골구의 부분 절골술을 실시 하였다. 수술 후 방사선 검사와 직장검사에서 확장 된 골반 강을 확인 할 수 있었다. 수술 후 배변 유연제(5 ml, PO, q12h; Duphalac$^{(R)}$)를 2주간 투약 하였고 그 후 2주간은 2.5 ml 용량으로 투여 하였다. 수술 후 따뜻한 물을 이용한 관장을 2회 실시 하였다. 수술 후 14일 째 검사에서 배변과 보행에 문제가 없음을 확인 하였고 5개월 째 검사에서 심한 배변과 오른쪽 뒷다리 파행 증상이 관찰 되지 않았다.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.113-124
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• 2007

갈수량(low flow)은 과거 자연상태 하천에서 갈수기에 흘렀던 유량으로서 자연과 사람이 공유할 수 있는 최소한의 유량이며, 이수측면에서 하천수의 공급능력을 평가하여 취수량을 설정하는 기준 유량이다. 일본과 우리나라에서는 평균갈수량과 기준갈수량을, 미국과 영국 등에서는 10년빈도 7일 갈수량($7Q_{10}$)을 갈수량 지표로 사용하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 위의 세 지표를 관측자료와 모의 생성자료를 이용하여 비교하고 고찰하여 보았다. 갈수량 산정을 위해서는 과거의 관측 유량자료가 필요하나 국내에는 수위관측시설이 한정되어 있을 뿐 아니라 홍수기에 비해 갈수기 자료가 턱없이 부족하여 갈수량 산정에 많은 어려움을 겪고 있다. 국내에서는 대부분 비유량법(drainage-area ratio method)으로 미계측유역의 갈수량을 산정하고 있다 본 연구에서는 미계측유역(ungauged basin)의 갈수량을 산정하기 위한 방법으로 비유량법과 지역회귀기법(regional regression method), 기저유량상관법(baseflow correlation method)을 국내에 적용하여 보고, 각 방법의 적용시 지침과 국내에 적합한 갈수량 산정방법을 제시하였다.

• 한국방사선학회논문지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.307-312
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• 2021

핵의학에서 Dose calibrator는 단일 핵종의 방사능을 측정하기 위해 사용하는 장비이다. 인체에 정확한 용량의 투여는 진단과 치료에 중요한 요인으로 작용하며, 투여 전 Dose calibrator를 통한 방사능 측정은 가장 중요한 요소이다. 이러한 Dose calibrator는 각 의료기관에서 설치 후 일상적인 정도 관리를 시행한다. 정도관리는 설치 후 품질관리를 보증하는 하나의 방편이며 진료의 질을 향상시키고 환자의 안전을 도모하는 데 필수적이다. 이에 정확하고 표준화된 성능 평가 방법을 구축해야 한다. 따라서 본 연구는 정도관리의 정확도와 기준성을 높여 품질 관리의 정량적 평가를 위해 3D 프린트를 이용하였다. 연구 방법은 정도관리를 위한 Q.C 표준선원이 중앙에 장착될 수 있는 3D 프린트를 이용한 보조기구를 재작하였다. 재현성 검사를 시행하였을 때 3D 프린트의 장착 유무에 따른 정도관리 선원의 오차율 값의 차이를 비교하였다. 연구 결과 표준선원의 정도관리 기댓값과 판독값의 오차 범위가 F-18 핵종에서는 0.302% 감소하였고, ^99mTc-pertechneate 핵종에서는 0.09% 로 나타났다. 향후 정량적이고 표준화된 정도관리를 통해 장비의 노후화, 표준선원의 반감기에 따른 계산 오류 등 정도관리의 영향을 주는 요인을 감소시키고 정확한 방사성의약품을 투여할 수 있는 기본적인 요인으로 작용할 수 있을 것이라 사료된다.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.363-365
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• 2013

15살, 중성화 암컷 2.80 kg의 말티즈 개가 불명의 경련 및 허탈로 내원하였다. 내원시, 혈청화학적검사에서 심한 저혈당이 나타났으나 전해질검사, 전혈구검사, 뇨분석 및 방사선과 복부초음파에서는 특이적인 소견이 관찰되지 않았다. 인슐린 수치는 정상이었으며, 프락토스아민은 정상범위보다 약간 낮았다. 저혈당의 교정을 위해 프레드니솔론이 처방되었고, 임상증상은 개선되었다. 처음 내원한지 45주 후에, 저혈당성 경련의 재발로 다시 내원하였고, 이때 낮은 혈당치와 매우 높은 인슐린농도가 측정되었다. 복부 초음파 상에서, 췌장은 실질이 전반적으로 증가된 균질하지 않은 에코를 보였으며, 실질 내에 저에코성의 병변이 관찰되었다. 이러한 소견을 근거로, 이 개는 인슐린종으로 임상적 진단되었다. 더 높은 용량의 프레드니솔론을 하루에 2회씩 투여하였고, 경련 등의 임상증상은 개선되었다. 처음 내원한지 688일 후, 환자는 인슐린종으로 인한 저혈당성 경련의 재발 없이 아직 생존해있다. 이 사례는 말티즈 개에서 인슐린종의 진단과 프레드니솔론 단독으로 인슐린종의 장기간 관리에 대한 좋은 예를 보여준다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제58권2호
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• pp.6.1-6.11
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• 2016

Background: Dietary supplementation of unsaturated fats in ruminants, if not stabilized, can instigate oxidative stress which can have negative impact on production performance and enhance the susceptibility to various diseases. The current study examined the effect of dietary 80 % canola oil and 20 % palm oil blend (CPOB) on serum fatty acids, antioxidant profile and biochemical indices in goats. Thirty Boer bucks (4-5 months old; initial BW, $20.34{\pm}0.77kg$) were randomly assigned to diets containing 0, 4 or 8 % CPOB and fed daily for a period of 90 days. Blood was sampled from the goats on 0, 30, 60 and 90 days of the trial and the serum was analyzed for fatty acids, cholesterol, glucose, total protein, antioxidants and lipid oxidation. Results: Neither diet nor sampling time influenced serum TBARS value, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities, LDL cholesterol, VLDL cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose and total protein. Goats fed 4 and 8 % CPOB had higher (P < 0.05) total cholesterol and HDL cholesterol than the control goats on day 30, 60 and 90. The proportion of C15:0 decreased with increasing level of CPOB on day 30 and 60. Serum C18:1n-9 increased with increasing level of CPOB in diet on day 60. The proportion of C18:3n-3 and C22:5n-3 increased (P < 0.05), while the proportion of C18:2n-6 decreased (P < 0.05) with increase in the level of CPOB on day 60 and 90. Dietary CPOB did not affect serum total carotenoid and ${\delta}$-tocopherol but did increase (P < 0.05) ${\alpha}$ and ${\gamma}$-tocopherol. Conclusion: Dietary canola oil and palm oil blend could be supplemented in diets without instigating oxidative stress in goats.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.218-224
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• 2018

Objective: This study evaluated the effects of different levels of protein concentrate supplementation on the growth performance of yak calves, and correlated the growth rate to changes occurring in the plasma- amino acids, -insulin profile, and signaling activity of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) cascade to characterize the mechanism through which the protein synthesis can be improved in early weaned yaks. Methods: For this study, 48 early (3 months old) weaned yak calves were selected, and assigned into four dietary treatments according to randomized complete block design. The four blocks were balanced for body weight and sex. The yaks were either grazed on natural pasture (control diet) in a single herd or the grazing yaks was supplemented with one of the three protein rich supplements containing low (17%; LP), medium (19%; MP), or high (21%; HP) levels of crude proteins for a period of 30 days. Results: Results showed that the average daily gain of calves increased (0.14 vs 0.23-0.26 kg; p<0.05) with protein concentrates supplementation. The concentration of plasma methionine increased (p<0.05; 8.6 vs $10.1-12.4{\mu}mol/L$), while those of serine and tyrosine did not change (p>0.05) when the grazing calves were supplemented with protein concentrates. Compared to control diet, the insulin level of calves increased (p<0.05; 1.86 vs $2.16-2.54{\mu}IU/mL$) with supplementation of protein concentrates. Addition of protein concentrates up-regulated (p<0.05) expression of mTOR-raptor, mammalian vacuolar protein sorting 34 homolog, the translational regulators eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E binding protein 1, and S6 kinase 1 genes in both Longissimus dorsi and semitendinosus. In contrast, the expression of sequestosome 1 was down-regulated in the concentrate supplemented calves. Conclusion: Our results show that protein supplementation improves the growth performance of early weaned yak calves, and that plasma methionine and insulin concentrations were the key mediator for gene expression and protein deposition in the muscles.

• 한국패류학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.205-214
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• 2008

흔한가리비 종묘생산시 부화 유생사육시 파판에 부착 후 60일째까지의 경과일수(X)에 따른 자패의 각장(SL) 성장은 $SL=0.1664e^{0.0579x}$($r^2=0.924$) 회귀직선식으로 나타낼 수 있었다. 지귀도에서 사육한 각장 1 mm 치패는 1개월후에 $4.1{\pm}0.8\;mm$로 성장하였고 2, 3, 4 및 5개월째에는 각각 각장 $13.0{\pm}1.9$, $23.1{\pm}3.1$, $30.3{\pm}4.3$, $33.6{\pm}5.2\;mm$로 성장 하였다. 시험기간 동안 지귀도 연안에서 흔한가리비의 수심별 일간 각장 성장량은 165.6, 154.0 140.0, $137.4{\mu}m/day$ 순으로 수심이 깊어질수록 성장량은 낮았고(p < 0.05), 사육밀도별에서는 각각 168.3, 145.8, 115.2, $101.8{\mu}m/day$로 사육밀도가 높을수록 성장이 느렸다(p < 0.05). 제주연안에서의 흔한가리비 치패의 중간육성은 제주시 옹포리연안보다는 서귀포시 지귀도 연안이 성장 및 생존율에서 높아서 양식가능성이 높았고, 일본의 경우와 비교해서는 성패까지 사육할 경우, 3-6개월 정도 더디었지만 양식가능성은 충분하다고 생각되며, 양식의 성공률을 높이기 위해서는 여름철 태풍 내습에 대한 시설물의 안정성이 우선 고려되어야 할 것으로 사료된다.