• 자원환경지질
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.201-216
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• 1973

Being believed thus far to be distributed in the wide areas in the vicinity of Seoul, the capital city of Korea, the Yonchon System in its type locality in Yonchon-gun from which the name derived was never previously traced down or correlated to the Precambrian metamorphic complex in Seoul area where the present study was carried out. Due to in accessibility to Yonchon area, the writer also could not trace the system down to the area studied so as to correlate them. The present study endeavored to differentiate general stratigraphy and interprete the structure of the metamorphic complex in the area. In spite of the complexity of structure and rapid changes in lithofacies of the complex, it was succeeded to find out the key bed by which the stratigraphy and structure of the area could be straightened out. The keybeds were the Buchon limestone bed in the western parts of the area; Daisongri quartzite bed cropped out in the southeastern area; Jangrak quartzite bed scattered in the several localities in the northwest, southwest, and eastern parts of the area; and Earn quartzite bed isolated in the eastern part of the area. These keybeds together with the broad regional structure made it possible to differentiated the Precambrian rocks in ascending order into the Kyonggi metamorphic complex, Jangrak group and Chunsung group which are in clinounconformable relation, and the first complex were again separated in ascending order into Buchon, Sihung, and Yangpyong metermorphic groups. Althcugh it has being vaguely called as the Yonchon system thus far, the Kyonggi metamorphic complex have never been studied before. The complex might, however, belong to early to early-middle Precambrian age. The Jangrak and Chunsung group were correlated to the Sangwon system in North Korea by the writer (1972), but it became apparent that the rocks of the groups have different lithology and highly metamorphosd than those of the Sangwon system which has thick sequence of limestone and slightly metamorphosed. Being deposited in the margin of the basin, it is natural that the groups poccess terrestrial sediments rather than limestone, yet no explanation is at hand as to what was the cause of bringing such difference in grade of metamorphism. Thus the writer attempted to correlate the both groups to those of pre-Sangwon and post-Yonchon which might be middle to early-late Precambrian time. Judging from difference in grade of deformation and unconformity between the Kyonggi metamorphic complex, Jangrak group, and Chunsung group, three stages of orogeny were established: the Kyonggi, Jangrak orogenies, and Chunsung disturbance toward younger age. It is rather astonishing to point out that the structure of these Precambrian formations. was not effected by Daebo orogeny of Jurassic age. The post-tectonic block faulting was accompanied by these orogenies, and in consequence NNE and N-S trending faults were originated. These faulting were intermittented and repeated until Daebo orogeny at which granites intruded along these faults. The manifestation of alignment of these faults is indicated by the parallel and straight linear development of valleys and streams in the Kyonggi Massifland.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.65-88
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• 1982

In the last ten years, marine geological and geophysical survey and research were conducted by Japanese, Russian and American scientists in the East Sea of Korea (Japan Sea). Many research results were published. However, regional research of the geology of the continental margin of the Korean Peninsula was not conducted. This study has made on attempt to classify submarine strata and stratigraphic boundaries. The study has revealed characters of submarine geology and structure. Isopach maps of each identified stratigraphic unit have been constructed as the results of this study. The study was conducted on the basis of analyses of marine seismic surveys carried out in the continental margin of the East Sea between Kangneung and Pohang. Three depositional basins were identified in the study area and they were named as, Mukho Basin, Hupo Basin and Pohang Basin. The Mukho Basin is developed in continental slope and shelf in the area between Kangneung and Samcheog. Quaternary and Pliocene sediments attain a maximum thickness of 900 m. Basement rocks are interpreted as granite and gneiss. They are correlated with granite-gneiss of the Taebaecksan Series of Pre-cambrian age and the Daebo granite of Jurassic age. The Hupo Basin is developed in the continental shelf between Uljin and Youngdeok. Quaternary and Pliocene sediments attain a maximum thickness of 600 m. Basement rocks were interpreted as granite and gneiss and they are correlated with metamorphic rocks of Pre-cambrian age and the Daebo granites, comprising the Ryongnam Massif. The Pohang Basin is developed in the area between Pohang and Gangu. This basin contains Miocene and older sediments. Basement rocks are not shown. Many faults are developed within the continental shelf and slope. These faults strike parallel with the coast line. A north-south direction is predominant in the southern study area. However, in the northern study area the faults strike north, and north-west. The faults are parallel to each other and are step faults down-thrown to the east or west, forming horst and graben structures which develop into sedimentary basins. Such faults caused the development of submarine banks along the boundary between the continental shelf and slope. This bank has acted as a barrier for deposition in the Hupo Basin. Paleozoic sedimentary rocks distributed widely in the adjacent land area are absent in the Mukho Basin. This suggests that the area of the basin was situated above the sea level until the Pliocene time. The study area contains Pliocene sediments in general. These sediments overlie the basement complex composed of metamorphic rocks, granites, Cretaceous (Kyongsang System) sedimentary rocks and Miocene sedimentary rocks. These facts lead to a conclusion that the continental shelf and slope of the study area were developed as a result of displacements along faults oriented parallel to the present coast line in the post Miocene time.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제19권spc호
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• pp.193-206
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• 1986

A number of auriferous veins occur in the Precambrian metamorphic terrain from Chungju to Mugeug district. These gold (-silver) deposits consist mainly of the fissure-filling quartz veins intruding the Precambrian gneiss or schist and Jurassic or Cretaceous granite. These gold (-silver) deposits can be 'divided into two mineralization epochs, (a) gold-rich veins related to Daebo igneous activity, and (b) gold-silver veins related to Bulgugsa igneous activity. These two groups of ore deposits with different generation can be characterized by the mode of occurrence of ore vein and the ore mineral associations. The auriferous quartz veins of Taechang and Boryeon mines associated with late Jurassic igneous activity are massive in character, and show the simple mineral assemblages and low Ag/Au ratio in the ores, representing a single mineralization system. The ore minerals are predominantly quartz containing minor or trace amonts of pyrrhotite, sphalerite, galena, pyrite, chalcopyrite and electrum. Electrum is closely associated with pyrrhotite and has chemical compositions from 61.4 to 78.5 atomic % Au. Fluid inclusion data suggest that ore minerals were deposited at temperatures between 238 and $390^{\circ}C$ from $CO_2$-rich fluids. The gold and/or silver-bearing quartz veins of Geumwang mine related to middle Cretaceous igneous activity are characterized by the multistage history, diverse mineral assemblages with high Ag/Au ratio in the ores. The ores of Geumwang mine have two contrasting mineral assemblages (1) pyrite+galena+sphalerite+arsenopyrite+electrum+argentite, representing the higher gold mineralization, and (2) pyrite+chalcopyrite+ galena +sphalerite+ arsenopyrite+silver sulfosalts+ electrum+ native silver+argentite, representing the higher silver mineralization. Electrum is closely associated with pyrite and has chemical compositions from 11.2 to 49.9 atomic % Au. The depositional environment during the higher gold mineralization can be estimated as the range of both temperature and sulfur fugacity, T= $200{\sim}300^{\circ}C$, log f ($S_2$) = $10^{-10}{\sim}10^{-15}$. The higher silver mineralization may be interpreted to have formed a range of falling temperature ($150{\sim}200^{\circ}C$) and low sulfur fugacity($10^{-10}{\sim}10^{-15}$). These temperature data are consistent with homogenization temperatures of fluId inclusions in quartz. Thus, the gold veins related to the Daebo igneous activity may be formed by the environment of higher temperature and pressure than the gold-silver veins associated with the Bulgugsa igneous activity.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.143-156
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• 2007

This study has researched the management status and the pollution level of water, soil, stream sediments of 11 abandoned coal mines out of a total of 12 within Obong-Dam area except Bukyung mine, which was submerged when constructing Obong-Dam, and selected areas which are in needs to have pollution control facilities in the first place. From the results of examination on the runoff at the waste rock pile and mineheads, the runoff from Sueun mine (pH, Fe, Al), Samwon mine (pH, Al), Wangdo mine (pH, Al), Mose mine (pH, Fe, Al) and Daeryeong mine (pH) exceeded the permissible discharge standards of the water quality, but the water at merging point with Obong-Dam after joined with Doma branch satisfied both Water Quality Standards and Drinking Water Quality Standards. In regard to groundwater contamination, it is found that areas where exceeded the Drinking Water Quality Standards are Wangdo mine (pH), Jangjae mine (pH, Zn), Daeryeong mine (pH) whereas all areas satisfied Soil Contamination Warning Standards of Soil Environmental Conservation Law. When comparing a research result on underwater sediments of branches of abandoned mines to the EPA Guidelines for classification of great lakes harbor sediments, Dongguk Gaerim (Fe), Jungwon mine (Fe), Daebo mine (Mn), Samwon mine (Mn) and Daeryeong mine (Mn) showed mid-level of contamination, whereas Sueun (Fe, Mn), Daebo mine (Fe), Woosung mine (Fe, Mn), Wangdo mine (Fe, Mn), Mose mine (Fe) and Daeryeong mine (Fe) showed high-level of contamination. In addition, contamination levels of underwater sediments in Wangsan and Doma branch where abandoned mine's branches merge together, Wangsan branch showed no contamination at all whereas Doma branch shows mid-level of contamination which reflect the Doma branch is affected by waste rock pile and minehead runoff of the abandoned mines in the Doma branch area. It is concluded that Mose mine and Sueun mine required treatment of acid mine drainage. and Wangdo, Jungwon, and Samwon mines were in need of mine tailing and erosion control work. The Samwon mine additionally required a control system for closed minehead runoff. Although the Samwon mine reached a high concentration of Al, Mn $Ca^{2+}$, $SO{_4}^{2-}$ in the runoff, the levels decreased after it was combined with a tributary. It has been concluded that after further monitoring of the cause of pollution, a preventive measure system may be needed to be built.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제37권9호
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• pp.1095-1100
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• 2008

국내산 밤 일부 품종(단택, 대보, 석추, 옥광, 병고)의 기능성 성분 분석과 이들 물질들의 항산화력 및 밤 추출물이 대식세포 활성에 미치는 영향력을 알아보았다. 국내산 밤 일부 품종의 내피와 과육에서 coumarin, gallic acid 그리고 catechin이 HPLC에 의해 검출되었다. 밤 내피에 가장 풍부한 기능성 성분은 catechin이고 그 다음 gallic acid와 coumarin 순이었으나, 과육에서는 gallic acid만 검출되었다. 따라서 밤의 기능성 성분인 gallic acid와 catechin의 항산화력을 DPPH radical 소거작용과 SOD 유사활성을 통해 알아보았다. Gallic acid과 catechin을 6.0 mg/100 g 처리하였을 때 DPPH radical 소거작용이 각각 69.4%와 38.3%였으며, gallic acid의 DPPH radical 소거작용은 농도 의존적이었다. Gallic acid를 동일한 농도의 catechin과 비교하면 모든 농도 구간에서 catechin보다 gallic acid가 높은 DPPH radical 소거활성을 나타내었다. 그러나 SOD 유사활성은 gallic acid보다 catechin이 높았다. 더하여 밤의 과육, 노란과육 및 흰과육 추출물들이 대식세포 활성에 미치는 영향력을 알아보았다. 병고 흰과육 추출물은 현저하게 대식세포 활성을 증가시켰고, 병고, 단택, 대보 및 옥광의 노란과육 추출물 역시 아무 것도 처리하지 않은 세포와 비교하여 현저히 대식세포를 활성화시켰다. 노란과육 추출물이 흰과육 추출물보다 더욱 더 대식세포 활성을 증가시켰고, 5품종 중 병고가 대식세포 활성을 가장 증가시켰다.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제15권9호
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• pp.19-28
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• 2014

최근 제한적인 국토 조건, 차량 주행 편의 및 고속화, 국토의 효율적인 이용을 위하여 장대터널 비율이 증가하고 있다. 국내 터널 지보설계 시 RMR 및 Q-System에 의한 경험적 방법을 주로 사용하고 있으나, 숏크리트 지보재가 NATM 터널의 핵심 지보재임에도 불구하고 현재 국내에서는 이와 관련된 연구가 미흡한 관계로 주로 국내외의 터널 적용사례를 바탕으로 충분한 검증없이 II등급 암반 조건에서부터 강섬유보강 숏크리트를 적용하고 있으며, 작용하는 하중에 관계없이 전단면에 일괄적으로 동일한 숏크리트 지보재를 적용하는 등 RMR 및 Q-System에서 제시하고 있는 기준보다 지보재를 다소 과다하게 적용하고 있는 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 기존 적용사례에 근거한 지보패턴과는 달리, 연구지역의 지질조건인 대보화강암 기반인 산악터널 조건을 고려하여 일반 숏크리트와 강섬유보강 숏크리트 적용범위를 재평가하여 암반등급별 강섬유보강 숏크리트의 합리적 적용방안을 제시하고자 하였다. 또한 현장시험시공을 통해 계측 및 역해석을 이용한 수치해석을 수행하여 안정성을 검증하였다. 현장시험시공 및 수치해석결과 RMR 값이 동일 등급 내 상위에 분포하는 경우에는 지보패턴을 상위 등급에 준하는 설계가 가능한 것으로 나타났으며, 연구지역과 같이 암반상태가 대체로 양호한 상태인 대보화강암 기반 산악터널에서는 III등급까지 일반 숏크리트가 강섬유보강 숏크리트를 대체하여도 안정성에 문제가 없고, IV등급은 천단부에만 강섬유보강 숏크리트를 적용하여도 Key-block에 의한 낙반에 대한 안정성 확보가 가능한 것으로 평가되었다.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.204-209
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• 2020

We investigated the physicochemical properties of brown rice by cultivar to select cultivar suitable for making brown rice porridge. The moisture content of the brown rice ranged from 8.79~11.78% with the highest varieties being 'Geonyangmi'. The crude ash and crude lipid content ranged from 1.02~1.65% and 1.65~3.26%, while the rest were similar except for 'Daebo'. Crude protein also had the lowest 'Daebo' and generally glutinous rice showed higher crude protein content than common rice. The hardness showed that 'Seolgaeng' and 'Keunnun' were the lowest, and 'Haiami' was the highest. In the RVA analysis, the setback was in the range -80.61~22.44 and was low in the order of 'Wolbaek', 'Baekjinju'', and 'Dongjinchal'. As a result of water binding capacity (WBC) measurement, 'Sindongjin', 'Geonyang' and 'Samkwang', were high in common rice, and 'Dongjinchal' and 'Hwaseonchal' were high in glutinous rice. Generally, solubility and swelling power in common rice was found to be lower than in glutinous rice. As a result, 'Samkwang' is considered suitable for brown rice porridge production because of high WBC, breakdown, and low setback.

• 암석학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.121-142
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• 2016

삿갓봉암체는 기존에 다른 암체들과 함께 연구된 바는 있으나 몇몇 기초적인 암석학적 특성은 다뤄지지 못했다. 본 연구에서는 삿갓봉암체에 대해 보다 자세한 암석학적 특성을 보고하고, 남한의 다른 대보화강암, 불국사화강암과 지화학적 특성을 비교하고자 한다. 삿갓봉암체는 영덕군 경정리에서 장사리에 걸쳐 남북으로 길게 신장된 형태로 발달한다. 삿갓봉암체는 대부분 섬록암질암으로 구성되어있으며, 염기성미립포유암(이하 MME)을 다량 포획하고 있다. 야외조사결과 삿갓봉암체와 인접하는 백악기 퇴적암은 상호 부정합관계가 예상된다. 지화학적 특성을 대보, 불국사 암군과 비교했을 때, 삿갓봉암체는 주원소와 미량원소 특성에서 대보화강암에 보다 유사한 분포 특성을 보였으며, 칼크알칼리 계열의 암석으로 분류되었다. 조구조적으로 삿갓봉암체는 섭입대 화강암의 특징을 보이며, 각섬석에서의 AlT 값은 타 암체들보다 낮은 값을 가져, 보다 얕은 정치 심도를 가졌던 것으로 예상된다. 삿갓봉암체는 뚜렷한 아다카이트 특성을 보이는 인근의 영덕화강암과는 다른 지화학적 특성을 가지고 있으며, 이는 MME의 산출로 예상되는 고철질 맨틀물질의 혼성에 의한 영향으로 예측된다.

• 대한지리학회지
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• 제42권6호
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• pp.898-913
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• 2007

전북 부안 화강암지역에서 기반암을 피복하고 있는 세립질 뢰스-고토양 연속층의 퇴적물 특성과 기원지를 검토하였다. 조사단면에서 퇴적층 두께는 약 280cm이며, 상부로부터 표층, Layer 1(고토양), Layer 2(뢰스), Layer 3(고토양), Layer 4(뢰스), Layer 5(고토양)로 이루어져 있다. 대자율값은 각 층준 사이에 뚜렷한 차이를 보이며 변동한다. pH, 산화환원전위(ORP), 수분함량, 토양경도와 달리, 유기물 함량은 대자율과 유사하게 토층의 특징을 잘 반영한다. 세 가지 조건하에서 측정된 토색 중 습윤 상태의 토색이 각 층준의 차이를 양호하게 반영하지만, 먼셀(Munsell) 색체계의 특성상 일부 지점에서는 변화 양상이 다소 불분명하다. 부안단면의 지형적 특성, 퇴적 구조 그리고 주원소 및 희토류 원소 조성이 주변 기반암 및 하천퇴적물과는 분명한 차이를 보이는 반면, 중국 황토고원의 시료와 매우 유사한 조성을 보이기 때문에, 연구 지역의 뢰스는 중국 황토고원 및 그 주변지역에서 기원한 물질에 의해 형성된 것으로 판단된다. 퇴적 이후에는 퇴적지의 환경, 즉 한국의 기후조건, 특히 많은 강수량에 의해 기원지와 다른 풍화특성을 보인다.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.447-461
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• 1992

본 역의 쥬라기화강암류는 "편마상화강암"과 "대보화강암"으로 분류 (1 : 250,000 전주도폭, 1973) 되어져 있으나, "대보화강섬록암"은 본 연구에서의 거창화강섬록암에 해당된다. 이들 화강섬록암류에 대한 조암광물의 경하기재, 암석화학, 및 저어콘의 형태적 연구를 하였다. 모드조성상 이들은 주로 화강성록암에 해당되지만 편마상화강섬록암은 Trondhjemitic trend를, 거창화강섬록암은 granodioritic trend를 각각 따른다. 이들 두 암체는 모두 칼크-알칼라인 계열이며 I-type (자철석계열)에 속하나, 편마상화강섬록암은 분화말기에 La, Ce, Yb의 enrichment를 겪은 반면, 거창화강섬록암은 분화초기에 Yb의 depletion을 겪은 것으로 생각된다. 사장석은 대체로 올리고클레이스에 해당한다. 흑운모는 (Mg, Fe) 고용체간의 성분변화보다 (Si, Al) 고용체간의 변화가 더 뚜렷하다. 각섬석은 거창화강섬록암에서만 제한적으로 산출되며 tschermakite에 해당한다. 저어콘 주면의 상대적 발달을 보면, 편마상화강섬록암은 대부분 {100}={110}형에 가까운 것들이 많으나, 거창화강섬록암은 {110} 탁월형 (저온형)에서 {100} 탁월형 (고온형)에 이르는 다양한 변화를 보인다. 그러나 이들은 대부분 저온형 마그마 용체내에서 결정화되었다. PPEF (Prism-Pyramid-Elongation-Flatness) 도에서, 편마상화강섬록암은 닫힌 가위형 (closed scissors type), 거창화강섬록암은 열린 가위행 (open scissors type)을 보인다. 이는 거창화강섬록암의 저어콘들이 지각물질 또는 편마상화강섬록암을 형성시킨 잔류마그마와 혼화된 마그마로부터 정출되었음을 암시해 주는 것으로 생각된다.