• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제64권4호
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• pp.792-799
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• 2022

Dopamine (DA) is known to be a key modulator of animal behaviors. Thus, the plasma concentration of DA might be used as a biomarker for the behavioral characteristics of horses. The behavioral characteristics of horses vary depending on the breed, age, and sex. Moreover, the DA receptor genotypes are also related to horse behaviors. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the DA concentration variations of horse plasma by breed, age, sex, or genotype of its receptor. The horses were divided by breed into Thoroughbred (n = 13), Pony (n = 9), Warmblood (n = 4), and Haflinger (n = 5). The age variable was divided into three different groups: post-pubertal (2-5 years, n = 6), adult (6-13 years, n = 19), and aged horses (15-24 years, n = 6). The sex variable was divided into geldings (n = 8) and mares (n = 23). Approximately 10 mL of blood was collected, and an ELISA kit was used to measure the plasma concentration of DA. Polymerase chain reaction analysis was performed to identify the genetic variation in the DA D4 receptor gene (DRD4). SPSS statistical software was used for statistical analysis. The DA concentrations in geldings were significantly lower than those in mares. There was no significant difference in DA concentrations among breed and age groups. Horses with the GG and GA genotypes had significantly higher plasma concentrations of DA compared to horses with the AA genotype for the G292A gene. Briefly, the plasma concentration of DA varied depending on the sex and genotype of G292A. These factors should be considered when the concentration of DA is used as a biomarker for the behavioral characteristics of horses. In conclusion, the DA concentration or DRD4 genotype of horse plasma has the potential to be used as a biomarker that can predict the behavioral characteristics of horses.

• 한국방사선학회논문지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.391-398
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• 2019

본 논문에서는 Telos Device를 이용한 검사 시 인가한 daN 힘의 차이와 무릎의 안정성에 관여하는 근육들의 개인차에 따른 전방십자인대의 동요 정도에 대해 연구하고자 한다. Telos Device를 이용한 Lachman Test로 검사하였으며, 오른쪽과 왼쪽을 각각 0, 15, 30 daN, 운동부하 후 30 daN의 힘으로 변화하며 검사하여 전방십자인대의 변화를 측정하였다. 근육량 측정은 CT(Computed Tomography)를 이용하였으며, 힘줄(tendon)을 피해 근육을 측정하기 위해 무릎뼈(patella) 상방 8 cm의 위치를 검사하였다. 전방십자인대(Anterior Cruciate Ligament)의 변화 정도는 Piview의 Caliper 기능을 이용하여 측정하였으며, 근육량은 CT 단면 영상을 Image J 프로그램을 이용하여 지방을 제외한 뼈와 근육의 면적을 측정하였다. 측정값들은 SPSS Ver. 18을 이용하여 결과 값을 얻었다. Telos Device 로 인가하는 힘의 변화에 따라 전방십자인대의 동요 정도를 측정한 결과 오른쪽과 왼쪽 모두 15 daN과 30 daN의 힘을 인가하였을 때 통계적으로 유의한 무릎 동요의 차가 발생하였으며(p<0.05), 30 daN과 운동부하 후 30 daN에서의 동요 정도는 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다(p>0.05). 근육면적의 차이와 전방십자인대의 동요 정도와의 상관관계에서 15 daN의 압력에서 오른쪽 r=-0.45, 왼쪽 r=0.44로 음의 상관관계를 보였다(p<0.05). Telos Device에 인가하는 힘의 정도에 따라 전방십자인대의 동요는 커지는 것으로 분석되며, 또한 개인의 근육량의 차이에 따라 전방십자인대의 동요 정도에도 차이를 보이는 것으로 분석된다. 따라서 개인의 근육량의 차이에 따라 Telos Device에 인가되는 힘도 변화되어야 하는 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.755-759
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• 1988

Laminated Composites, SS41-Cu-SS41 plates are made by brazing bonding and hot bonding process. Fatigue repeated plane bending tests are carried out and the fracture behavior of Laminated composites, SS41-Cu-SS41 plates are compared with that of homogeneous steel, SS41plates. The following results are obtained; (1) The fatigue life of the brazing bonding plates is higher than those of SS41 plates and hot bonding plates under high stress. (2) The relations between the fatigue crack growth rate, da/dN and stress intensity factor are, da/dN=4.7*10$^{-10}$ $K^{3.20}$, for SS41 da/dN=7.8*10$^{-9}$ $K^{2.43}$, for CAH da/dN=3.6*10$^{-9}$ $K^{2.54}$, for CAB da/dN=1.58*10$^{-9}$ $K^{2.94}$ , for PAH da/dN=1.23*10$^{-9}$ $K^{2.69}$, for PAB

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.57-60
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• 2004

A highly specific antigenic protein of 31 kDa from plerocercoid of Spirometra mansoni (sparganum) was obtained by gelatin affinity and Mono Q anion-exchange column chromatography. The purified 31 kDa protein was subjected to N-glycan enzymatic digestion for structural analysis. The relative electrophoretic mobility was analyzed by SDS-PAGE, before and after digestion. On SDS-PAGE after enzymatic digestion, the 31 kDa protein showed a molecular shift of approximately 2 kDa, which indicated the possession of complex N-linked oligosaccharides (N-glycosidase F sensitive) but not of high-mannose oligosaccharides (endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase H, non-sensitive). Chemically periodated 31 kDa protein showed statistically non-significant changes with human sparganosis sera by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Therefore, the dominant epitopes of the 31 kDa molecule in human sparganosis were found to be mainly polypeptide, while N-glycans of the antigenic molecule in sparganum was minimal in anti-carbohydrate antibody production.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.38-42
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• 2002

A chitinase gene (pCHi58) encoding a 58 kDa chitinase was isolated from the Serratia marcescens KCTC 2172 cosmid library. The chitinase gene consisted of a 1686 bp open reading frame that encoded 562 amino acids. Escherichia coil harboring the pChi58 gene secreted a 58 kDa chitinase into the culture supernatant. The 58 kDa chitinase was purified using a chitin affinity column and mono-S column. A nucleotide and N-terminal amino acid sequence analysis showed that the 58 kDa chitinase had a leader peptide consisting of 23 amino acids which was cleaved prior to the 24th alanine. The 58 KDa chitinase exhibited a $98\%$ similarity to that of S. marcescens OMB 1466 in its nuclotide sequence. The chitinolytic patterns of the 58 kDa chitinase released N,N'-diacetyl chitobiose (NAG2) as the major hydrolysis end-product with a trace amount of N-acetylglucosamine. When a 4-methylumbellyferyl-N-acetylglucosamin monomer, dimmer, and tetramer were used as substrates, the 58 kDa chitinase did not digest the 4-Mu-NAG monomer $(analogue\;of\;NAG_2)$, thereby indicating that the 58 kDa chitinase was likely an endochitinase. The optimum reaction temperature and pH of the enzyme were $50^{\circ}C$ and 5.0, respectively.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.22-27
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• 1994

For the $\beta$=1 specimen with constant thickness, Crack growth rate is smoothly increasing in the a-N curve. On the other hand for $\beta$=2 specimen with various thickness, the inflection point is observed in crack growth rate near the thickness interface. da/dN before the inflection point is increased, and da/dN after the point is decreased, compared to the $\beta$=1 specimen. da/dN near the thickness interface is approached zero. The descending point was observed earlier as $\beta$ increased. Considering the relation between da/dN and λ, the crack propagation rates for the case of $\beta$ =1 incrased almost linearly, however, the crack propagation rates for $\beta$=2,3 decreased more rapidly near the thickness interface. Additionally, the decreased point in da/dN for $\beta$=3 is farther from the thickness interface than the case for $\beta$ =2.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.360-366
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• 2000

The in vivo binding of dopamine (DA) radioligands to $D_2$receptors can be affected by competition with endogenous dopamine. In the present study, we used a brain slice preparation that provides more controlled conditions than in vivo preparations in order to examine the relationship between synaptic DA and the binding of [$^3H$] raclopride to $D_2$receptors. We also estimated the synaptic DA concentration in rat striatal slices by determining the changes in [$^3H$] raclopride binding. To correlate the changes in [$^3$H]raclopride binding with the concentration of synaptic DA, the kinetic parameters were determined. [$^3H$] Raclopride reached equilibrium binding conditions within two hours. The K value for DA in inhibiting [$^3$H]raclopride binding was about 2.2 nM. The increase in synaptic DA evoked by electrical stimulation decreased the striatal binding of [$^3H$] raclopride in a frequency-dependent manner. Increases in the DA concentration evoked by amphetamine (AMPH) or cocaine decreased [$^3H$] raclopride binding by 74% or 20%, respectively, corresponding to increases in the synaptic DA concentrations of 1.6 nM or 0.6 nM, respectively. Pargyline also decreased [$^3H$] raclopride binding by 36%corresponding at a concentration of 1.2 nM. In contrast, the depletion of synaptic DA by $\alpha$-methyl-p-tyrosine ($\alpha$-MpT) increased the specific binding of [$^3H$] raclopride by 43%when the DA concentration was decreased to 0.7 nM. The changes in the DA concentration at the synapse were responsible for the changes in the striatal binding of [$^3H$] raclopride. The values calculated in this study may therefore approximate the changes in the synaptic DA concentration in rat striatal slices following manipulation.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.156-162
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• 2000

Sensitized STS 304 stainless steel crack growth rate(CGR) in high temperature water was investigated under trapezoidal wave loading test using fracture mechanics techniques. The CGR, due to stress corrosion cracking(SCC), were systematically measured as a function of the stress intensity factor and stress. holding time under trapezoidal wave loading. In high temperature water, CGR was enhanced by a synergistic effects in combination with an aggressive environment and mechanical damage. The CGR, $(da/dN)_{env}$ was basically described as a summation of the environmentally assisted crack growth rate $(da/dN)_{SCC}$, $(da/dN)_{CF}$ and fatigue crack growth rate in air $(da/dN)air,. The CGR, $(da/dN)_{env}$, increased linearly with increasing stress holding time. The CGR, $(da/dN)_{SCC}$ decreased linearly with increasing stress holding time. Fracture surface mode varied from trans-granular cracking to inter-granular cracking with increasing stress holding time.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.145-157
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• 2014

This study aimed to investigate the fatigue crack growth behavior of a kind of fiber metal laminates (FML) under four different stress levels. The FML specimen consists of three 2024-T3 aluminum alloy sheets and two layers of glass/epoxy composite lamina. Tensile-tensile cyclic fatigue tests were conducted on centrally notched specimen at four stress levels with various maximum values. A digital camera system was used to take photos of the propagating cracks on both sides of the specimens. Image processing software was adopted to accurately measure the length of the cracks on each photo. The test results show that: (1) a-N and da/dN-a curves of FML specimens can be divided into transient crack growth segment, steady state crack growth segment and accelerated crack growth segment; (2) compared to 2024-T3 aluminum alloy, the fatigue properties of FML are much better; (3) da/dN-${\Delta}K$ curves of FML specimens can be divided into fatigue crack growth rate decrease segment and fatigue crack growth rate increase segment; (3) the maximum stress level has a large influence on a-N, da/dN-a and da/dN-${\Delta}K$ curves of FML specimens; (4) the fatigue crack growth rate da/dN presents a nonlinear accelerated increasing trend to the maximum stress level; (5) the maximum stress level has an almost linear relationship with the stress intensity factor ${\Delta}K$.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제52권6호
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• pp.613-619
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• 2014

Neospora caninum (Apicomplexa; Sarcocystidae) is a protozoan that causes abortion in cattle, horses, sheep, and dogs as well as neurological and dermatological diseases in dogs. In the central nervous system of dogs infected with N. caninum, cysts were detected that exhibited gliosis and meningitis. Flavonoids are polyphenolic compounds that exhibit antibacterial, antiparasitic, antifungal, and antiviral properties. In this study, we investigated the effects of flavonoids in a well-established in vitro model of N. caninum infection in glial cell cultures. Glial cells were treated individually with 10 different flavonoids, and a subset of cultures was also infected with the NC-1 strain of N. caninum. All of the flavonoids tested induced an increase in the metabolism of glial cells and many of them increased nitrite levels in cultures infected with NC-1 compared to controls and uninfected cultures. Among the flavonoids tested, 3',4'-dihydroxyflavone, 3',4',5,7-tetrahydroxyflavone (luteolin), and 3,3',4',5,6-pentahydroxyflavone (quercetin), also inhibited parasitophorous vacuole formation. Taken together, our findings show that flavonoids modulate glial cell responses, increase NO secretion, and interfere with N. caninum infection and proliferation.